# glosses

source_id: ili:i85021
language: en
text:
any of numerous small celestial bodies composed of rock and metal that move around the sun (mainly between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter)


source_id: ili:i85021
language: de
text:
einer der zahlreichen kleinen Himmelskörper aus Gestein und Metall, die sich um die Sonne bewegen (hauptsächlich zwischen den Bahnen von Mars und Jupiter)


source_id: ili:i85024
language: en
text:
the 2nd largest ocean; separates North and South America on the west from Europe and Africa on the east


source_id: ili:i85026
language: en
text:
a mountain range in northern Africa between the Mediterranean and the Sahara Desert; extends from southwestern Morocco to northern Tunisia


source_id: ili:i85029
language: en
text:
a conspicuous constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Great Bear and Orion at edge of Milky Way


source_id: ili:i8503
language: en
text:
concerned with principles of right and wrong or conforming to standards of behavior and character based on those principles


source_id: ili:i85033
language: en
text:
a river in southwestern England rising in Gloucestershire and flowing through Bristol to empty into the estuary of the Severn


source_id: ili:i85036
language: en
text:
a body of water between Greenland and northeastern Canada; connected with the Arctic Ocean to the north and with the Atlantic Ocean (via the Labrador Sea) to the south; icebound in winter


source_id: ili:i85042
language: en
text:
a slope in the turn of a road or track; the outside is higher than the inside in order to reduce the effects of centrifugal force


source_id: ili:i85049
language: en
text:
any of the elementary particles having a mass equal to or greater than that of a proton and that participate in strong interactions; a hadron with a baryon number of +1


source_id: ili:i85049
language: de
text:
eines der Elementarteilchen mit einer Masse gleich oder größer als die eines Protons, das an starken Wechselwirkungen teilnimmt; ein Hadron mit einer Baryonenzahl von +1


source_id: ili:i85054
language: en
text:
an arm of the Atlantic Ocean in western Europe; bordered by the west coast of France and the north coast of Spain


source_id: ili:i85055
language: en
text:
a bay of the North Atlantic between New Brunswick and Nova Scotia; noted for rapid tides as great as 70 feet


source_id: ili:i85065
language: en
text:
a structure of small hexagonal cells constructed from beeswax by bees and used to store honey and larvae


source_id: ili:i85068
language: en
text:
part of the North Pacific between Alaska and Siberia; connected to the Arctic Ocean by the Bering Strait


source_id: ili:i85068
language: de
text:
Teil des Nordpazifiks zwischen Alaska und Sibirien; durch die Beringstraße mit dem Arktischen Ozean verbunden


source_id: ili:i85080
language: en
text:
a river that rises in northeastern South Dakota and flows southward to join the Missouri River at Sioux City, Iowa


source_id: ili:i85089
language: de
text:
ein hypothetischer Gegenstand, der die gesamte auf ihn fallende elektromagnetische Strahlung absorbiert


source_id: ili:i85091
language: en
text:
mountains in southwestern South Dakota and northeastern Wyoming; sacred to the Sioux (whites settling in the Black Hills led to the Battle of Little Bighorn); site of Mount Rushmore


source_id: ili:i85092
language: it
text:
stella ad altissima densità che costituisce lo stadio finale del collasso gravitazionale di un astro di grandi dimensioni


source_id: ili:i85092
language: de
text:
ein Gebiet im Weltraum, das durch den Kollaps eines Sterns entstanden ist; extrem hohes Gravitationsfeld


source_id: ili:i85097
language: en
text:
a mechanism that creates a barrier between brain tissues and circulating blood; serves to protect the central nervous system


source_id: ili:i85097
language: de
text:
ein Mechanismus, der eine Barriere zwischen Hirngewebe und zirkulierendem Blut bildet; dient dem Schutz des zentralen Nervensystems


source_id: ili:i85105
language: en
text:
wet spongy ground of decomposing vegetation; has poorer drainage than a swamp; soil is unfit for cultivation but can be cut and dried and used for fuel


source_id: ili:i85112
language: en
text:
any particle that obeys Bose-Einstein statistics but not the Pauli exclusion principle; all nuclei with an even mass number are bosons


source_id: ili:i85112
language: de
text:
jedes Teilchen, das der Bose-Einstein-Statistik, nicht aber dem Pauli-Ausschlussprinzip gehorcht; alle Kerne mit einer geraden Massenzahl sind Bosonen


source_id: ili:i85113
language: en
text:
a strait connecting the Mediterranean and the Black Sea; separates the European and Asian parts of Turkey; an important shipping route


source_id: ili:i85124
language: en
text:
an Alpine mountain pass connecting Innsbruck in Austria with Bolzano in Italy that has long been a route for trade and for invasions


source_id: ili:i85136
language: en
text:
a hard lump produced by the concretion of mineral salts; found in hollow organs or ducts of the body


source_id: ili:i85139
language: en
text:
a river in southern Florida that flows westerly to the Gulf of Mexico; forms the western end of the Cross-Florida Waterway


source_id: ili:i85142
language: en
text:
a river rising in northeastern New Mexico and flowing eastward across the Texas panhandle to become a tributary of the Arkansas River in Oklahoma


source_id: ili:i85144
language: en
text:
(astronomy) an indistinct surface feature of Mars once thought to be a system of channels; they are now believed to be an optical illusion


source_id: ili:i85154
language: en
text:
a sandy promontory (formerly Cape Kennedy) extending into the Atlantic Ocean from a barrier island off the eastern coast of Florida; the site of a NASA center for spaceflight


source_id: ili:i85161
language: en
text:
the northern tip of Cape York Peninsula at the Torres Strait; the northernmost point of the Australian mainland


source_id: ili:i85162
language: en
text:
a peninsula in Queensland in northeastern Australia between the Gulf of Carpentaria and the Coral Sea


source_id: ili:i85167
language: en
text:
a mountain range in central Europe that extends from Slovakia and southern Poland southeastward through western Ukraine to northeastern Romania; a popular resort area


source_id: ili:i85167
language: de
text:
ein Gebirgszug in Mitteleuropa, der sich von der Slowakei und Südpolen in südöstlicher Richtung durch die westliche Ukraine bis in den Nordosten Rumäniens erstreckt; ein beliebtes Urlaubsgebiet


source_id: ili:i85170
language: en
text:
a mountain range in the northwestern United States extending through Washington and Oregon and northern California; a part of the Coast Range


source_id: ili:i85171
language: en
text:
a large saltwater lake between Iran and Russia fed by the Volga River; the largest inland body of water in the world


source_id: ili:i85171
language: de
text:
ein großer Salzwassersee zwischen Iran und Russland, der von der Wolga gespeist wird; das größte Binnengewässer der Welt


source_id: ili:i85178
language: en
text:
a range of the Appalachians to the west of the Hudson in southeastern New York; includes many popular resort areas


source_id: ili:i85179
language: en
text:
the mountain range in Caucasia between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea that forms part of the traditional border between Europe and Asia


source_id: ili:i85180
language: en
text:
a geological formation consisting of an underground enclosure with access from the surface of the ground or from the sea


source_id: ili:i85192
language: en
text:
a deep and relatively narrow body of water (as in a river or a harbor or a strait linking two larger bodies) that allows the best passage for vessels


source_id: ili:i85193
language: en
text:
a river in Thailand formed by the confluence of the Nan and Ping Rivers; flows southward past Bangkok and empties into the Gulf of Thailand


source_id: ili:i85195
language: en
text:
a river in eastern Massachusetts that empties into Boston Harbor and that separates Cambridge from Boston


source_id: ili:i85198
language: en
text:
a river rising in northern Georgia and flowing southwest and south to join the Flint River at the Florida border where they form the Apalachicola River


source_id: ili:i8520
language: en
text:
a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by `as' or `too' or `so' or `that'; amounting to a large but indefinite number


source_id: ili:i85202
language: en
text:
a lake on the border between Nevada and California to the west of Carson City; a popular resort area


source_id: ili:i85207
language: en
text:
an asteroid discovered in 1977; it is unique in having an orbit lying mainly between the orbits of Saturn and Uranus


source_id: ili:i85210
language: en
text:
a gaseous layer of the sun's atmosphere (extending from the photosphere to the corona) that is visible during a total eclipse of the sun


source_id: ili:i85213
language: en
text:
a river that rises in northeastern New Mexico and flows eastward into Oklahoma where it becomes a tributary of the Arkansas River


source_id: ili:i85217
language: en
text:
a cloud at a high altitude consisting of a series of regularly arranged small clouds resembling ripples


source_id: ili:i85223
language: en
text:
a river that rises in southwestern Virginia and flows generally southwestward across eastern Tennessee to the Tennessee River


source_id: ili:i85225
language: en
text:
(cosmology) a universe that is spatially closed and in which there is sufficient matter to halt the expansion that began with the big bang; the visible matter is only 10 percent of the matter required for closure but there may be large amounts of dark matter


source_id: ili:i85228
language: en
text:
a river in western Scotland that flows from the southern uplands into the Firth of Clyde; navigable by oceangoing vessels as far as Glasgow


source_id: ili:i85232
language: en
text:
a string of mountain ranges along the Pacific coast of North America from southeastern Alaska to Lower California


source_id: ili:i85238
language: en
text:
an important river in the southwestern United States; rises in the Rocky Mountains of northern Colorado and flows southwest through Utah into Arizona (where it flows through the Grand Canyon) and then southward through the southern tip of Nevada, then forming the border between California and Arizona and finally into Mexico where it empties into the Gulf of California; the main source of water in the southwestern United States


source_id: ili:i85240
language: en
text:
a large plateau to the south and west of the Rocky Mountains; abuts mountains on the north and east and ends in an escarpment overlooking lowlands to the south and west; the Grand Canyon is carved out of the southwestern corner


source_id: ili:i85242
language: en
text:
a North American river; rises in southwestern Canada and flows southward across Washington to form the border between Washington and Oregon before emptying into the Pacific; known for its salmon runs in the spring


source_id: ili:i85243
language: en
text:
(astronomy) the luminous cloud of particles surrounding the frozen nucleus of a comet; forms as the comet approaches the sun and is warmed


source_id: ili:i85244
language: en
text:
a constellation in the northern hemisphere between Ursa Major and Bootes; contains a cluster of some 10,000 galaxies


source_id: ili:i85245
language: en
text:
(astronomy) a relatively small extraterrestrial body consisting of a frozen mass that travels around the sun in a highly elliptical orbit


source_id: ili:i85245
language: de
text:
(Astronomie) ein relativ kleiner extraterrestrischer Körper, der aus einer gefrorenen Masse besteht und auf einer stark elliptischen Bahn um die Sonne wandert


source_id: ili:i85247
language: en
text:
the highest mountain peak in the Pamir Mountains; near the Chinese border in northeastern Tajikistan (24,590 feet high)


source_id: ili:i85249
language: en
text:
a river in the northeastern United States; flows south from northern New Hampshire along the border between New Hampshire and Vermont and through Massachusetts and Connecticut where it empties into Long Island Sound


source_id: ili:i85251
language: en
text:
a lake in southeastern Germany on the northern side of the Swiss Alps; forms part of the Rhine River


source_id: ili:i85257
language: en
text:
an artificial cloud created by an aircraft; caused either by condensation due to the reduction in air pressure above the wing surface or by water vapor in the engine exhaust


source_id: ili:i85257
language: it
text:
nube che si forma nella scia di un aeroplano quando l'atmosfera circostante è abbastanza fredda e umida


source_id: ili:i85259
language: en
text:
river that rises in northwestern Georgia and flows southwest through eastern Alabama to join the Tallapoosa River near Montgomery and form the Alabama River


source_id: ili:i8526
language: en
text:
a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by `a'; a small but indefinite number


source_id: ili:i85281
language: en
text:
the part of a continent that is stable and forms the central mass of the continent; typically Precambrian


source_id: ili:i85283
language: en
text:
a waterway used by small boats to travel between the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico through Lake Okeechobee and the Caloosahatchee_Canal and the Caloosahatchee River


source_id: ili:i85286
language: en
text:
a rock formed by the solidification of a substance; has regularly repeating internal structure; external plane faces


source_id: ili:i85287
language: en
text:
any of numerous minute rudimentary crystalline bodies of unknown composition found in glassy igneous rock


source_id: ili:i85289
language: en
text:
a river that rises in southeastern Kentucky and flows westward through northern Tennessee to become a tributary of the Ohio River in southwestern Kentucky


source_id: ili:i85290
language: en
text:
a pass through the Cumberland Mountains between Virginia and Kentucky that early settlers used in order to move west


source_id: ili:i85297
language: en
text:
a constellation in the northern hemisphere between Pegasus and Draco in the Milky Way; contains a black hole


source_id: ili:i85299
language: en
text:
small scales from animal skins or hair or bird feathers that can cause allergic reactions in some people


source_id: ili:i85301
language: de
text:
der zweitlängste europäische Fluss (nach der Wolga); fließt von Südwestdeutschland bis zum Schwarzen Meer


source_id: ili:i85307
language: en
text:
a river that rises in the Catskills in southeastern New York and flows southward along the border of Pennsylvania with New York and New Jersey to northern Delaware where it empties into Delaware Bay


source_id: ili:i85311
language: en
text:
a low triangular area of alluvial deposits where a river divides before entering a larger body of water


source_id: ili:i85319
language: en
text:
a short river flowing from Lake St. Clair to Lake Erie along the border between the United States and Canada; one the busiest inland waterways in the world


source_id: ili:i85320
language: en
text:
the nucleus of deuterium; consists of one proton and one neutron; used as a bombarding particle in accelerators


source_id: ili:i85322
language: en
text:
a domed rock formation where a core of rock has moved upward and pierced through the more brittle overlying strata


source_id: ili:i85326
language: en
text:
a transmission mechanism in which the infectious agent is transferred directly into the body via touching or biting or kissing or sexual intercourse or by droplets entering the eye or nose or mouth


source_id: ili:i85331
language: en
text:
(golf) the cavity left when a piece of turf is cut from the ground by the club head in making a stroke


source_id: ili:i85332
language: en
text:
a river that rises in Russia near Smolensk and flowing south through Belarus and Ukraine to empty into the Black Sea


source_id: ili:i85336
language: en
text:
a mountain pass in northeastern California near Lake Tahoe; site where in 1844 some members of an emigrant party survived by eating those who had died


source_id: ili:i85337
language: en
text:
a constellation in the southern hemisphere near Reticulum and Pictor; contains most of the Large Magellanic Cloud


source_id: ili:i8534
language: en
text:
(quantifier used with mass nouns) small in quantity or degree; not much or almost none or (with `a') at least some


source_id: ili:i8534
language: de
text:
(Quantifizierer bei Massensubstantiven) gering an Menge oder Grad; nicht viel oder fast nichts oder (mit `a') zumindest etwas


source_id: ili:i85341
language: en
text:
a faint constellation twisting around the north celestial pole and lying between Ursa Major and Cepheus


source_id: ili:i85341
language: de
text:
ein schwaches Sternbild, das sich um den Himmelsnordpol dreht und zwischen Ursa Major und Cepheus liegt


source_id: ili:i85353
language: en
text:
a river in central Europe that arises in northwestern Czechoslovakia and flows northward through Germany to empty into the North Sea


source_id: ili:i8536
language: en
text:
(comparative of `much' used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree


source_id: ili:i8536
language: de
text:
(Komparativ von "viel" bei Massensubstantiven) ein Quantifizierer, der mehr an Größe, Menge, Ausmaß oder Grad bedeutet; mehr als; mehr als


source_id: ili:i85369
language: en
text:
(geology) a long winding ridge of post glacial gravel and other sediment; deposited by meltwater from glaciers or ice sheets


source_id: ili:i8537
language: en
text:
(comparative of `little' usually used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning not as great in amount or degree


source_id: ili:i85371
language: en
text:
a river in southwestern Asia; flows into the Persian Gulf; was important in the development of several great civilizations in ancient Mesopotamia


source_id: ili:i85374
language: en
text:
the 2nd smallest continent (actually a vast peninsula of Eurasia); the British use `Europe' to refer to all of the continent except the British Isles


source_id: ili:i85376
language: en
text:
a mountain in the central Himalayas on the border of Tibet and Nepal; the highest mountain peak in the world (29,028 feet high)


source_id: ili:i8538
language: en
text:
the superlative of `much' that can be used with mass nouns and is usually preceded by `the'; a quantifier meaning the greatest in amount or extent or degree


source_id: ili:i85381
language: en
text:
a shallow salt lake in south central Australia about 35 feet below sea level; the largest lake in the country and the lowest point on the continent


source_id: ili:i85385
language: en
text:
(geology) a crack in the earth's crust resulting from the displacement of one side with respect to the other


source_id: ili:i85385
language: de
text:
(Geologie) ein Riss in der Erdkruste, der durch die Verschiebung einer Seite gegenüber der anderen entsteht


source_id: ili:i8539
language: en
text:
the superlative of `little' that can be used with mass nouns and is usually preceded by `the'; a quantifier meaning smallest in amount or extent or degree


source_id: ili:i85397
language: en
text:
a large firth on the east coast of Scotland and the estuary of the Forth River; location of Edinburgh


source_id: ili:i85403
language: en
text:
a river in western Georgia that flows generally south to join the Chattahoochee River at the Florida border where they form the Apalachicola River


source_id: ili:i85405
language: de
text:
eine an einen Fluss angrenzende Tiefebene, die hauptsächlich aus Flusssedimenten besteht und überschwemmungsgefährdet ist


source_id: ili:i85412
language: en
text:
any inanimate object (as a towel or money or clothing or dishes or books or toys etc.) that can transmit infectious agents from one person to another


source_id: ili:i85421
language: en
text:
the remains (or an impression) of a plant or animal that existed in a past geological age and that has been excavated from the soil


source_id: ili:i85425
language: en
text:
electron that is not attached to an atom or ion or molecule but is free to move under the influence of an electric field


source_id: ili:i8543
language: en
text:
(superlative of `many' used with count nouns and often preceded by `the') quantifier meaning the greatest in number


source_id: ili:i85431
language: en
text:
an Asian river; rises in the Himalayas and flows east into the Bay of Bengal; a sacred river of the Hindus


source_id: ili:i85432
language: en
text:
a river in southeastern China that flows generally north into the Chang Jiang to the north of Nanchang


source_id: ili:i8544
language: en
text:
(superlative of `few' used with count nouns and usually preceded by `the') quantifier meaning the smallest in number


source_id: ili:i85442
language: en
text:
a river that rises in western New Mexico and flows westward through southern Arizona to become a tributary of the Colorado River


source_id: ili:i85448
language: en
text:
a strait in western California that connects the San Francisco Bay with the Pacific Ocean; discovered in 1579 by Sir Francis Drake


source_id: ili:i85449
language: en
text:
a hypothetical continent that (according to plate tectonic theory) broke up later into India and Australia and Africa and South America and Antarctica


source_id: ili:i85459
language: en
text:
a massive grouping of galaxies in the direction of Centaurus and Hydra whose gravitational attraction is believed to cause deviations in the paths of other galaxies


source_id: ili:i85465
language: en
text:
a vast prairie region extending from Alberta and Saskatchewan and Manitoba in Canada south through the west central United States into Texas; formerly inhabited by Native Americans


source_id: ili:i85466
language: en
text:
( geology) a depression in southwestern Asia and eastern Africa; extends from the valley of the Jordan River to Mozambique; marked by geological faults


source_id: ili:i85470
language: en
text:
a river that rises in western Wyoming and flows southward through Utah to become a tributary of the Colorado River


source_id: ili:i85480
language: en
text:
a mountain range in southern New Mexico and western Texas; the southern extension of the Sacramento Mountains


source_id: ili:i85513
language: en
text:
a compact mass of hair that forms in the alimentary canal (especially in the stomach of animals as a result of licking fur)


source_id: ili:i85514
language: en
text:
a channel in southeastern Virginia through which the Elizabeth River and the James River flow into Chesapeake Bay


source_id: ili:i85522
language: en
text:
a ring of atoms of more than one kind; especially a ring of carbon atoms containing at least one atom that is not carbon


source_id: ili:i85527
language: en
text:
a mountain range extending 1500 miles on the border between India and Tibet; this range contains the world's highest mountain


source_id: ili:i85527
language: de
text:
ein Gebirgszug, der sich über 1500 Meilen an der Grenze zwischen Indien und Tibet erstreckt; dieser Gebirgszug enthält den höchsten Berg der Welt


source_id: ili:i85537
language: en
text:
a ridge of the earth's crust that has been forced upward between two faults and so is higher than the surrounding land


source_id: ili:i85539
language: en
text:
a river that rises in western Massachusetts and flows south through Connecticut to empty into Long Island Sound


source_id: ili:i85540
language: en
text:
a major river of Asia in northern China; flows generally eastward into the Yellow Sea; carries large quantities of yellow silt to its delta


source_id: ili:i85540
language: de
text:
ein großer Fluss Asiens im Norden Chinas; fließt im Allgemeinen nach Osten in das Gelbe Meer; führt große Mengen gelben Schlicks in sein Delta


source_id: ili:i85543
language: en
text:
a New York river; flows southward into New York Bay; explored by Henry Hudson early in the 17th century


source_id: ili:i85547
language: en
text:
a long faint constellation in the southern hemisphere near the equator stretching between Virgo and Cancer


source_id: ili:i85554
language: en
text:
a mass of ice and snow that permanently covers a large area of land (e.g., the polar regions or a mountain peak)


source_id: ili:i85554
language: de
text:
eine Masse aus Eis und Schnee, die ein großes Gebiet dauerhaft bedeckt (z. B. die Polarregionen oder einen Berggipfel)


source_id: ili:i85561
language: en
text:
a shallow lake in northwestern Netherlands created in 1932 by building a dam across the entrance to the Zuider Zee


source_id: ili:i85568
language: en
text:
a fossil known to have lived in a particular geologic age that can be used to date the rock layer in which it is found


source_id: ili:i85569
language: en
text:
the 3rd largest ocean; bounded by Africa on the west, Asia on the north, Australia on the east and merging with the Antarctic Ocean to the south


source_id: ili:i85569
language: de
text:
der drittgrößte Ozean; wird im Westen von Afrika, im Norden von Asien und im Osten von Australien begrenzt und geht im Süden in den Antarktischen Ozean über


source_id: ili:i85571
language: en
text:
a transmission mechanism in which the infectious agent is transferred to the person by a fomite of vector


source_id: ili:i85573
language: en
text:
an Asian river that rises in Tibet and flows through northern India and then southwest through Kashmir and Pakistan to the Arabian Sea


source_id: ili:i85580
language: en
text:
an arm of the Pacific Ocean in southern Japan; surrounded by the islands of Honshu and Shikoku and Kyushu and linked to the Sea of Japan by a narrow channel; the chief port is Hiroshima


source_id: ili:i85580
language: de
text:
ein Arm des Pazifischen Ozeans im Süden Japans; umgeben von den Inseln Honshu und Shikoku sowie Kyushu und durch einen schmalen Kanal mit dem Japanischen Meer verbunden; der wichtigste Hafen ist Hiroshima


source_id: ili:i85585
language: en
text:
a rarefied flow of gas and charged particles (plasma) that stream from the sun and form the solar wind


source_id: ili:i85590
language: en
text:
a particle that is electrically charged (positive or negative); an atom or molecule or group that has lost or gained one or more electrons


source_id: ili:i85594
language: en
text:
the main river of Myanmar rising in the north and flowing south through the length of Burma to empty into the Andaman Sea


source_id: ili:i85594
language: de
text:
der Hauptfluss Myanmars, der im Norden entspringt und durch ganz Birma nach Süden fließt, um in die Andamanensee zu münden


source_id: ili:i85595
language: en
text:
an Asian river that rises in the Altai Mountains in northern China and flows generally northwest to become a tributary of the Ob River


source_id: ili:i85599
language: de
text:
ein relativ schmaler Landstreifen (mit Wasser auf beiden Seiten), der zwei größere Landgebiete verbindet


source_id: ili:i85600
language: en
text:
a narrow isthmus between the Gulf of Corinth and the Saronic Gulf; a canal crosses the isthmus so that navigation is possible between the gulfs


source_id: ili:i85602
language: en
text:
the isthmus that connects Central America and South America; was formerly called the Isthmus of Darien


source_id: ili:i85604
language: en
text:
the narrowest part of southern Mexico is an isthmus between the Bay of Campeche on the north coast and the Gulf of Tehuantepec on the south coast


source_id: ili:i85609
language: en
text:
a depression in the floor of the Pacific Ocean to the northeast of Japan that reaches depths of 30,000 feet


source_id: ili:i85612
language: en
text:
any of the four outermost planets in the solar system; much larger than Earth and gaseous in nature (like Jupiter)


source_id: ili:i85612
language: de
text:
einer der vier äußersten Planeten des Sonnensystems; viel größer als die Erde und von gasförmiger Natur (wie Jupiter)


source_id: ili:i85614
language: en
text:
the largest planet and the 5th from the sun; has many satellites and is one of the brightest objects in the night sky


source_id: ili:i85615
language: en
text:
a mountain peak in the Karakoram Range in northern Kashmir; the 2nd highest peak in the world (28,250 feet high)


source_id: ili:i85622
language: en
text:
part of the Arctic Ocean to the north of Siberia and to the east of the Barents Sea; icebound most of the year


source_id: ili:i85624
language: en
text:
a river of southwestern Africa that rises in central Angola and flows east and then north (forming part of the border between Angola and Congo) and continuing northwest through Congo to empty into the Congo River on the border between Congo and Republic of the Congo


source_id: ili:i85625
language: en
text:
a strait of the North Sea between Jutland and Sweden; connects with the North Sea through the Skagerrak


source_id: ili:i85626
language: en
text:
(geology) a hollow (typically filled by a lake) that results from the melting of a mass of ice trapped in glacial deposits


source_id: ili:i85629
language: en
text:
a mountain pass of great strategic and commercial value in the Hindu Kush on the border between northern Pakistan and western Afghanistan; a route by which invaders entered India


source_id: ili:i85636
language: en
text:
an island off southern Alaska in the Gulf of Alaska; site of the first European settlement in the area which was founded by the Russians in 1784


source_id: ili:i85641
language: en
text:
any of many minor planets in the Kuiper belt outside the orbit of Neptune at the edge of the solar system


source_id: ili:i85644
language: en
text:
a peninsular region of eastern Canada between Hudson Bay and the Labrador Sea; contains most of Quebec and the mainland part of Newfoundland and Labrador


source_id: ili:i85652
language: en
text:
a lake in northeastern New York, northwestern Vermont and southern Quebec; site of many battles in the French and Indian War and in the American Revolution and in the War of 1812


source_id: ili:i85654
language: en
text:
the 4th largest of the Great Lakes; it is linked to the Hudson River by the New York State Barge Canal


source_id: ili:i85656
language: de
text:
ein See zwischen der Südwestschweiz und Frankreich, der von Ost nach West von der Rhone durchflossen wird


source_id: ili:i85659
language: en
text:
a lake in northwestern Russia to the north of St. Petersburg; the largest lake in Europe; drains through the Neva River into the Gulf of Finland


source_id: ili:i85660
language: en
text:
the 3rd largest of the Great Lakes; the largest freshwater lake entirely within the United States borders


source_id: ili:i85672
language: en
text:
the largest lake in Africa and the 2nd largest fresh water lake in the world; a headwaters reservoir for the Nile River


source_id: ili:i85675
language: en
text:
material in the top layer of the surface of the earth in which plants can grow (especially with reference to its quality or use)


source_id: ili:i85679
language: en
text:
part of the Arctic Ocean to the north of Siberia (between the Taimyr Peninsula and the New Siberian Islands) that is icebound most of the year


source_id: ili:i85684
language: en
text:
a hypothetical continent that (according to plate tectonic theory) broke up later into North America and Europe and Asia


source_id: ili:i85694
language: en
text:
(Greek mythology) a river in Hades; the souls of the dead had to drink from it, which made them forget all they had done and suffered when they were alive


source_id: ili:i85703
language: de
text:
ein Sternbild außerhalb des Tierkreises, das sich um den Nordstern dreht, auch bekannt als Kleiner Bär oder Kleiner Wagen


source_id: ili:i85704
language: en
text:
a river that flows from northern Wyoming into the Bighorn River in southern Montana; site of Custer's Last Stand


source_id: ili:i85706
language: en
text:
a river that rises in northeastern Wyoming and flows through Montana and South Dakota to join the Missouri River in North Dakota


source_id: ili:i85707
language: en
text:
a river that rises in southwestern Minnesota and flows southwestward to the Missouri River in western Iowa


source_id: ili:i85718
language: en
text:
a mountain peak in the St. Elias Range in the southwestern Yukon Territory in Canada (19,850 feet high)


source_id: ili:i85719
language: en
text:
the longest French river; rises in the Massif Central and flows north and west to the Atlantic Ocean


source_id: ili:i85736
language: en
text:
a river that rises in the Andes mountains in southwestern Colombia and flows generally northward to empty into the Caribbean Sea at Barranquilla


source_id: ili:i85749
language: en
text:
an inland sea in northwestern Turkey; linked to the Black Sea by the Bosporus and linked to the Aegean by the Dardanelles


source_id: ili:i85749
language: de
text:
ein Binnenmeer im Nordwesten der Türkei, das über den Bosporus mit dem Schwarzen Meer und über die Dardanellen mit der Ägäis verbunden ist


source_id: ili:i85750
language: en
text:
a small reddish planet that is the 4th from the sun and is periodically visible to the naked eye; minerals rich in iron cover its surface and are responsible for its characteristic color


source_id: ili:i85751
language: de
text:
niedrig gelegenes Feuchtgebiet mit Grasvegetation; in der Regel eine Übergangszone zwischen Land und Wasser


source_id: ili:i85752
language: it
text:
quantità più o meno grande di materia, unita in un solo blocco informe o comunque considerata un tutto


source_id: ili:i85753
language: en
text:
an inlet of the Atlantic Ocean off of eastern Massachusetts extending from Cape Ann on the north to Cape Cod on the south


source_id: ili:i85754
language: de
text:
ein Block der Erdkruste, der durch Verwerfungen begrenzt ist und sich zu den Gipfeln eines Gebirges verschiebt


source_id: ili:i85759
language: en
text:
a mountain in the Alps on the border between Switzerland and Italy (14,780 feet high); noted for its distinctive shape


source_id: ili:i85767
language: en
text:
a faint constellation in the polar region of the southern hemisphere and containing part of the Large Magellanic Cloud


source_id: ili:i85771
language: en
text:
a river that rises in south central New Hampshire and flows through Concord and Manchester into Massachusetts and empties into the Atlantic Ocean


source_id: ili:i85774
language: en
text:
an elementary particle responsible for the forces in the atomic nucleus; a hadron with a baryon number of 0


source_id: ili:i85781
language: en
text:
an electrically charged particle built up from polymeric molecules or ions and occurring in certain colloidal electrolytic solutions like soaps and detergents


source_id: ili:i85783
language: en
text:
a meteorite or meteoroid so small that it drifts down to earth without becoming intensely heated in the atmosphere


source_id: ili:i85785
language: en
text:
a very long narrow elevation on the ocean floor that runs all the way from Iceland in the North Atlantic to Bouvet Island in the South Atlantic


source_id: ili:i85785
language: de
text:
eine sehr lange schmale Erhebung auf dem Meeresboden, die sich von Island im Nordatlantik bis zur Bouvetinsel im Südatlantik erstreckt


source_id: ili:i85788
language: en
text:
a river that rises in the Rockies in northwestern Montana and flows eastward to become a tributary of the Missouri River


source_id: ili:i85789
language: en
text:
the galaxy containing the solar system; consists of millions of stars that can be seen as a diffuse band of light stretching across the night sky


source_id: ili:i85789
language: de
text:
die Galaxie, in der sich das Sonnensystem befindet; besteht aus Millionen von Sternen, die sich als diffuses Lichtband über den Nachthimmel erstrecken


source_id: ili:i85790
language: de
text:
ein Teich, der durch Aufstauen eines Baches gebildet wird, um eine Wasserhöhe zum Drehen eines Mühlrades zu schaffen


source_id: ili:i85791
language: en
text:
a bay on the west coast of Kyushu; in the 1950s industrial wastes caused mercury poisoning among the Japanese people who ate fish from Minamata Bay


source_id: ili:i85794
language: en
text:
a major North American river and the chief river of the United States; rises in northern Minnesota and flows southward into the Gulf of Mexico


source_id: ili:i85795
language: en
text:
the longest river in the United States; arises in Montana and flows southeastward to become a tributary of the Mississippi at Saint Louis


source_id: ili:i85802
language: en
text:
a river that rises in northern West Virginia and flows north into Pennsylvania where it joins the Allegheny River at Pittsburgh to form the Ohio River


source_id: ili:i85803
language: en
text:
the highest mountain peak in the Alps; on the border between France and Italy to the south of Geneva (15,781 feet high)


source_id: ili:i85828
language: en
text:
an elementary particle with a negative charge and a half-life of 2 microsecond; decays to electron and neutrino and antineutrino


source_id: ili:i85831
language: en
text:
a small constellation in the polar region of the southern hemisphere near the Southern Cross and Chamaeleon


source_id: ili:i85833
language: en
text:
any agent (physical or environmental) that can induce a genetic mutation or can increase the rate of mutation


source_id: ili:i85836
language: en
text:
a luminous iridescent cloud at a high altitude that may be seen when the sun is a few degrees below the horizon


source_id: ili:i85847
language: en
text:
the physical universe considered as an orderly system subject to natural (not human or supernatural) laws


source_id: ili:i85856
language: en
text:
a river that rises in eastern Kansas and flows eastward into Oklahoma to become a tributary of the Arkansas River


source_id: ili:i85857
language: en
text:
a giant planet with a ring of ice particles; the 8th planet from the sun is the most remote of the gas giants


source_id: ili:i85861
language: en
text:
an elementary particle with 0 charge and mass about equal to a proton; enters into the structure of the atomic nucleus


source_id: ili:i85861
language: de
text:
Elementarteilchen mit einer Ladung von 0 und einer Masse, die in etwa der eines Protons entspricht; geht in die Struktur des Atomkerns ein


source_id: ili:i85865
language: en
text:
a river in the southeastern United States that flows northward from North Carolina to West Virginia where it empties into the Kanawha River


source_id: ili:i85871
language: en
text:
the world's longest river (4150 miles); flows northward through eastern Africa into the Mediterranean; the Nile River valley in Egypt was the site of the world's first great civilization


source_id: ili:i85874
language: en
text:
(mineralogy) a small rounded lump of mineral substance (usually harder than the surrounding rock or sediment)


source_id: ili:i85876
language: en
text:
an inclined fault in which the hanging wall appears to have slipped downward relative to the footwall


source_id: ili:i85877
language: en
text:
a continent (the third largest) in the western hemisphere connected to South America by the Isthmus of Panama


source_id: ili:i85883
language: en
text:
a river that rises in northern Colorado and flows northward into Wyoming and then eastward and southeastward through Nebraska where it joins the South Platte to form the Platte River


source_id: ili:i85884
language: en
text:
an arm of the North Atlantic between the British Isles and Scandinavia; oil was discovered under the North Sea in 1970


source_id: ili:i85884
language: de
text:
ein Arm des Nordatlantiks zwischen den Britischen Inseln und Skandinavien; 1970 wurde unter der Nordsee Öl entdeckt


source_id: ili:i85886
language: en
text:
a star that ejects some of its material in the form of a cloud and become more luminous in the process


source_id: ili:i85891
language: en
text:
(astronomy) the center of the head of a comet; consists of small solid particles of ice and frozen gas that vaporizes on approaching the sun to form the coma and tail


source_id: ili:i85891
language: de
text:
(Astronomie) das Zentrum des Kopfes eines Kometen; besteht aus kleinen festen Partikeln aus Eis und gefrorenem Gas, die bei der Annäherung an die Sonne verdampfen und die Koma und den Schweif bilden


source_id: ili:i85895
language: en
text:
a major river of western Siberia; flows generally northward and westward to the Gulf of Ob and the Kara Sea


source_id: ili:i85895
language: de
text:
ein großer Fluss in Westsibirien; fließt im Allgemeinen nach Norden und Westen zum Golf von Ob und zur Karasee


source_id: ili:i85903
language: en
text:
a river that is formed in western Pennsylvania and flows westward to become a tributary of the Mississippi River


source_id: ili:i85909
language: en
text:
a gorge in northeastern Tanzania where anthropologists have found some of the earliest human remains


source_id: ili:i85910
language: en
text:
a mountain peak in northeast Greece near the Aegean coast; believed by ancient Greeks to be the dwelling place of the gods (9,570 feet high)


source_id: ili:i85921
language: en
text:
a river in southeastern Canada that flows along the boundary between Quebec and Ontario to the Saint Lawrence River near Montreal


source_id: ili:i85922
language: en
text:
a river that rises in western Arkansas and flows southeast into eastern Louisiana to become a tributary of the Red River


source_id: ili:i85923
language: en
text:
a river in northeastern England that flows generally southeastward to join the Trent River and form the Humber


source_id: ili:i85925
language: en
text:
(astronomy) a major planet whose orbit is outside the asteroid belt (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Pluto)


source_id: ili:i85930
language: en
text:
a crescent-shaped lake (often temporary) that is formed when a meander of a river is cut off from the main channel


source_id: ili:i85931
language: en
text:
an area of low mountains in northwestern Arkansas and southeastern Missouri and northeastern Oklahoma


source_id: ili:i85933
language: en
text:
a layer in the stratosphere (at approximately 20 miles) that contains a concentration of ozone sufficient to block most ultraviolet radiation from the sun


source_id: ili:i85939
language: en
text:
a mountain range in central Asia that is centered in Tajikistan but extends into Kyrgyzstan and Afghanistan and Pakistan and western China


source_id: ili:i85940
language: en
text:
(plate tectonics) a hypothetical continent including all the landmass of the earth prior to the Triassic period when it split into Laurasia and Gondwanaland


source_id: ili:i85940
language: de
text:
(Plattentektonik) ein hypothetischer Kontinent, der die gesamte Landmasse der Erde vor der Triaszeit umfasst, als er sich in Laurasia und Gondwanaland aufspaltete


source_id: ili:i85943
language: de
text:
ein dünnes Stück oder eine dünne Scheibe (insbesondere von Holz), das/die von etwas abgeschabt wurde


source_id: ili:i85945
language: en
text:
(Greek mythology) a mountain in central Greece where (according to Greek mythology) the Muses lived; known as the mythological home of music and poetry


source_id: ili:i85948
language: en
text:
the location in a range of mountains of a geological formation that is lower than the surrounding peaks


source_id: ili:i85948
language: it
text:
luogo di passaggio da un versante all'altro di un rilievo montuoso, in corrispondenza di una depressione


source_id: ili:i8595
language: en
text:
used of pictures; of a single or static photograph not presented so as to create the illusion of motion; or representing objects not capable of motion


source_id: ili:i85955
language: en
text:
a river that flows through central North Carolina and northeastern South Carolina to the Atlantic Ocean


source_id: ili:i85957
language: en
text:
a more or less level land surface representing an advanced stage of erosion undisturbed by crustal movements


source_id: ili:i85964
language: en
text:
a conspicuous constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Auriga and Cassiopeia and crossed by the Milky Way


source_id: ili:i85965
language: en
text:
a shallow arm of the Arabian Sea between Iran and the Arabian peninsula; the Persian Gulf oil fields are among the most productive in the world


source_id: ili:i85965
language: de
text:
ein flacher Arm des Arabischen Meeres zwischen dem Iran und der Arabischen Halbinsel; die Ölfelder des Persischen Golfs gehören zu den produktivsten der Welt


source_id: ili:i85966
language: en
text:
a rock created by petrifaction; an organic object infiltrated with mineral matter and preserved in its original form


source_id: ili:i85966
language: de
text:
ein durch Versteinerung entstandenes Gestein; ein organisches Objekt, das mit mineralischen Stoffen infiltriert und in seiner ursprünglichen Form erhalten ist


source_id: ili:i85970
language: de
text:
ein Quanten der elektromagnetischen Strahlung; ein Elementarteilchen, das sein eigenes Antiteilchen ist


source_id: ili:i85974
language: en
text:
a type of glaciation characteristic of Alaska; large valley glaciers meet to form an almost stagnant sheet of ice


source_id: ili:i85976
language: en
text:
the two promontories at the eastern end of the Strait of Gibraltar; according to legend they were formed by Hercules


source_id: ili:i85979
language: en
text:
a meson involved in holding the nucleus together; produced as the result of high-energy particle collision


source_id: ili:i85986
language: en
text:
(astronomy) any of the nine large celestial bodies in the solar system that revolve around the sun and shine by reflected light; Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto in order of their proximity to the sun; viewed from the constellation Hercules, all the planets rotate around the sun in a counterclockwise direction


source_id: ili:i85988
language: en
text:
a nebula that was once thought to be a star with its planets but is now thought to be a very hot star surrounded by an expanding envelope of ionized gases that emit a fluorescent glow because of intense radiation from the star


source_id: ili:i85989
language: en
text:
one of many small solid celestial bodies thought to have existed at an early stage in the development of the solar system


source_id: ili:i85990
language: en
text:
a small cellular inclusion consisting of a ring of DNA that is not in a chromosome but is capable of autonomous replication


source_id: ili:i85994
language: en
text:
a small planet and the farthest known planet from the sun; it has the most elliptical orbit of all the planets


source_id: ili:i85999
language: en
text:
the brightest star in Ursa Minor; at the end of the handle of the Little Dipper; the northern axis of the earth points toward it


source_id: ili:i85999
language: de
text:
der hellste Stern in Ursa Minor; am Ende des Henkels des Kleinen Wagens; die Nordachse der Erde zeigt auf ihn


source_id: ili:i86000
language: de
text:
tief liegendes Land, das urbar gemacht wurde und durch Deiche geschützt ist (insbesondere in den Niederlanden)


source_id: ili:i86005
language: en
text:
an elementary particle with positive charge; interaction of a positron and an electron results in annihilation


source_id: ili:i86005
language: de
text:
ein Elementarteilchen mit positiver Ladung; die Wechselwirkung zwischen einem Positron und einem Elektron führt zur Annihilation


source_id: ili:i86007
language: en
text:
a river in the east central United States; rises in West Virginia in the Appalachian Mountains and flows eastward, forming the boundary between Maryland and Virginia, to the Chesapeake Bay


source_id: ili:i86010
language: de
text:
(Astronomie) ein Himmelskörper (insbesondere ein Stern) im Verhältnis zu anderen Objekten, die ihn umkreisen


source_id: ili:i86011
language: en
text:
(microbiology) an infectious protein particle similar to a virus but lacking nucleic acid; thought to be the agent responsible for scrapie and other degenerative diseases of the nervous system


source_id: ili:i86012
language: en
text:
(microbiology) a hypothetical infectious particle thought to be the cause of scrapie and other degenerative diseases of the central nervous system; consists of nucleic acid in a protective coat of host cell proteins


source_id: ili:i86023
language: en
text:
a degenerate neutron star; small and extremely dense; rotates very fast and emits regular pulses of polarized radiation


source_id: ili:i86024
language: en
text:
a constellation in the southern hemisphere between Vela and Canis Major that shaped like the stern of a boat


source_id: ili:i86029
language: en
text:
(physics) hypothetical truly fundamental particle in mesons and baryons; there are supposed to be six flavors of quarks (and their antiquarks), which come in pairs; each has an electric charge of +2/3 or -1/3


source_id: ili:i86030
language: en
text:
a starlike object that may send out radio waves and other forms of energy; many have large red shifts


source_id: ili:i86046
language: en
text:
a tributary of the Mississippi River that flows eastward from Texas along the southern boundary of Oklahoma and through Louisiana


source_id: ili:i86048
language: en
text:
a large, old, luminous star; has a relatively low surface temperature and a diameter large relative to the sun


source_id: ili:i86049
language: en
text:
a long arm of the Indian Ocean between northeast Africa and Arabia; linked to the Mediterranean at the north end by the Suez Canal


source_id: ili:i86056
language: en
text:
a tributary of the Kansas River that flows from eastern Colorado eastward through Nebraska and Kansas


source_id: ili:i86057
language: en
text:
anything (a person or animal or plant or substance) in which an infectious agent normally lives and multiplies


source_id: ili:i86061
language: en
text:
a major European river carrying more traffic than any other river in the world; flows into the North Sea


source_id: ili:i86062
language: en
text:
a mountain range in the Balkan peninsula in southeastern Europe; extends along the border between Greece and Bulgaria


source_id: ili:i8608
language: en
text:
devotion to the interests or culture of a particular nation including promoting the interests of one country over those of others


source_id: ili:i86084
language: en
text:
the chief mountain range of western North America; extends from British Columbia to northern New Mexico; forms the continental divide


source_id: ili:i86090
language: en
text:
a mountain in the Black Hills of South Dakota; the likenesses of Washington and Jefferson and Lincoln and Roosevelt are carved on it


source_id: ili:i86098
language: en
text:
a small constellation in the northern hemisphere between Cygnus and Aquila and crossed by the Milky Way


source_id: ili:i86100
language: en
text:
a tributary of the Mississippi River that rises in Missouri and flows southeastward through Arkansas


source_id: ili:i86101
language: en
text:
a river that rises in Maine and flows northeastward through New Brunswick to empty into the Bay of Fundy


source_id: ili:i86102
language: en
text:
a river in northeastern Florida that flows northward to Jacksonville and then eastward to empty into the Atlantic Ocean


source_id: ili:i86110
language: en
text:
a shallow basin in a desert region; contains salt and gypsum that was deposited by an evaporated salt lake


source_id: ili:i86111
language: en
text:
a river in western Europe that rises in northern France and flows generally east into Belgium where it joins the Meuse at Namur


source_id: ili:i86113
language: en
text:
a major geological fault in California; runs from San Diego to San Francisco; the source of serious earthquakes


source_id: ili:i86118
language: en
text:
a fertile valley in southern California to the north of Los Angeles; includes many residential communities


source_id: ili:i86121
language: en
text:
a river in central California that rises in the Sierra Nevada and flows northwest to form a large delta with the Sacramento River


source_id: ili:i86126
language: en
text:
a river in eastern France; rises in Lorraine and flows south to become the chief tributary of the Rhone


source_id: ili:i86131
language: en
text:
a giant planet that is surrounded by three planar concentric rings of ice particles; the 6th planet from the sun


source_id: ili:i86134
language: en
text:
a range of mountains in southern Siberia to the west of Lake Baikal; contain important mineral deposits


source_id: ili:i86135
language: en
text:
(geology) flat elevated land with poor soil and little vegetation that is scarred by dry channels of glacial origin (especially in eastern Washington)


source_id: ili:i86152
language: en
text:
a planetoid of rock and ice about three-quarters the size of Pluto discovered in 2003; the most distant object known to orbit around the sun


source_id: ili:i86158
language: en
text:
a constellation in the equatorial region of the northern hemisphere near Ophiuchus and Corona Borealis


source_id: ili:i86173
language: en
text:
a large valley between the Allegheny Mountains and the Blue Ridge Mountains in northern Virginia; site of numerous battles during the American Civil War


source_id: ili:i86174
language: en
text:
an ancient forest in central England; formerly a royal hunting ground; said to be the home of Robin Hood and his merry band


source_id: ili:i86185
language: en
text:
a mountain range in northwestern Mexico that runs south from Arizona parallel to the Pacific coastline


source_id: ili:i86189
language: en
text:
(geology) a flat (usually horizontal) mass of igneous rock between two layers of older sedimentary rock


source_id: ili:i86191
language: en
text:
a mountain peak in the southern Sinai Peninsula (7,500 feet high); it is believed to be the peak on which Moses received the Ten Commandments


source_id: ili:i86192
language: en
text:
a depression in the ground communicating with a subterranean passage (especially in limestone) and formed by solution or by collapse of a cavern roof


source_id: ili:i86192
language: de
text:
eine Vertiefung im Boden, die mit einem unterirdischen Gang in Verbindung steht (insbesondere in Kalkstein) und durch Lösung oder Einsturz einer Höhlendecke entstanden ist


source_id: ili:i86198
language: it
text:
vuoto al di sopra della superficie terrestre che, dalla terra, appare come una volta in cui si muovono gli astri


source_id: ili:i86209
language: en
text:
a tributary of the Columbia River that rises in Wyoming and flows westward; discovered in 1805 by the Lewis and Clark Expedition


source_id: ili:i86239
language: en
text:
(astronomy) a celestial body of hot gases that radiates energy derived from thermonuclear reactions in the interior


source_id: ili:i8624
language: en
text:
having particular physiological functions augmented or replaced by electronic or electromechanical components


source_id: ili:i86254
language: en
text:
the strait separating South America from Tierra del Fuego and other islands to the south of the continent; discovered by Ferdinand Magellan in 1520; an important route around South America before the Panama Canal was built


source_id: ili:i86256
language: en
text:
the strait between the English Channel and the North Sea; shortest distance between England and the European continent


source_id: ili:i86259
language: en
text:
a quark with an electric charge of -1/3 and a mass 988 times that of an electron and a strangeness of -1


source_id: ili:i86267
language: en
text:
(cosmology) a hypothetical one-dimensional subatomic particle having a concentration of energy and the dynamic properties of a flexible loop


source_id: ili:i86282
language: en
text:
a river in the northeastern United States that rises in New York and flows southward through Pennsylvania and Maryland into Chesapeake Bay


source_id: ili:i86284
language: en
text:
low land that is seasonally flooded; has more woody plants than a marsh and better drainage than a bog


source_id: ili:i86289
language: en
text:
a range of the Appalachian Mountains along the eastern border of New York with Connecticut, Massachusetts, and Vermont


source_id: ili:i86292
language: en
text:
river that rises in northwestern Georgia and flows southwest through central Alabama to join the Coosa River near Montgomery and form the Alabama River


source_id: ili:i86297
language: en
text:
a natural accumulation of bitumens at the surface of the earth; often acts as a trap for animals whose bones are thus preserved


source_id: ili:i86303
language: en
text:
a river formed by the confluence of two other rivers near Knoxville; it follows a U-shaped course to become a tributary of the Ohio River in western Kentucky


source_id: ili:i86305
language: en
text:
any agent that interferes with normal embryonic development: alcohol or thalidomide or X-rays or rubella are examples


source_id: ili:i86305
language: de
text:
jeder Stoff, der die normale embryonale Entwicklung beeinträchtigt: Alkohol, Contergan, Röntgenstrahlen oder Röteln sind Beispiele dafür.


source_id: ili:i86307
language: en
text:
a planet having a compact rocky surface like the Earth's; the four innermost planets in the solar system


source_id: ili:i86308
language: en
text:
the waters surrounding a nation and its territories over which that nation exercises sovereign jurisdiction


source_id: ili:i86308
language: de
text:
die Gewässer, die eine Nation und ihre Gebiete umgeben und über die diese Nation souveräne Gerichtsbarkeit ausübt


source_id: ili:i86314
language: en
text:
a rounded projecting mass of a cumulus cloud with shining edges; often appears before a thunderstorm


source_id: ili:i86327
language: en
text:
a river that rises in northeastern Mississippi and flows southward through western Alabama to join the Alabama River and form the Mobile River


source_id: ili:i86331
language: en
text:
a strait between northeastern Australia and southern New Guinea that connects the Coral Sea with the Arafura Sea


source_id: ili:i86339
language: en
text:
a river in central England that flows generally northeastward to join with the Ouse River and form the Humber


source_id: ili:i86342
language: en
text:
a river in eastern Texas that is formed near Dallas and flows generally southeastward to Galveston Bay


source_id: ili:i86348
language: en
text:
a large faint constellation in the southern hemisphere containing most of the Small Magellanic Cloud


source_id: ili:i86365
language: en
text:
the smallest group of atoms or molecules whose repetition at regular intervals in three dimensions produces the lattices of a crystal


source_id: ili:i86366
language: en
text:
territorial waters included within a distance of 12 nautical miles of the coasts of the United States and its territories


source_id: ili:i86372
language: en
text:
a mountain range in western Russia extending from the Arctic to the Caspian Sea; forms part of the traditional boundary between Europe and Asia


source_id: ili:i86372
language: de
text:
ein Gebirgszug im Westen Russlands, der sich von der Arktis bis zum Kaspischen Meer erstreckt; bildet einen Teil der traditionellen Grenze zwischen Europa und Asien


source_id: ili:i86373
language: en
text:
a giant planet with a ring of ice particles; the 7th planet from the sun has a blue-green color and many satellites


source_id: ili:i86376
language: en
text:
a South American river that arises in southern Brazil and flows south to the Rio de la Plata; the northern section forms the boundary between Argentina and Brazil and the southern section forms the boundary between Argentina and Uruguay


source_id: ili:i86378
language: de
text:
ein Elektron in der äußeren Schale eines Atoms, das sich mit anderen Atomen zu Molekülen verbinden kann


source_id: ili:i8638
language: en
text:
not existing in nature or subject to explanation according to natural laws; not physical or material


source_id: ili:i86385
language: en
text:
indirect transmission of an infectious agent that occurs when a vehicle (or fomite) touches a person's body or is ingested


source_id: ili:i86388
language: en
text:
a fissure in the earth's crust (or in the surface of some other planet) through which molten lava and gases erupt


source_id: ili:i86388
language: de
text:
ein Spalt in der Erdkruste (oder in der Oberfläche eines anderen Planeten), durch den geschmolzene Lava und Gase ausbrechen


source_id: ili:i86389
language: en
text:
the second nearest planet to the sun; it is peculiar in that its rotation is slow and retrograde (in the opposite sense of the Earth and all other planets except Uranus); it is visible from Earth as an early `morning star' or an `evening star'


source_id: ili:i86405
language: en
text:
gully or streambed in northern Africa and the Middle East that remains dry except during rainy season


source_id: ili:i86405
language: de
text:
Schlucht oder Bachbett in Nordafrika und im Nahen Osten, das außer während der Regenzeit trocken bleibt


source_id: ili:i86422
language: en
text:
a hypothetical subatomic particle of large mass that interacts weakly with ordinary matter through gravitation; postulated as a constituent of the dark matter of the universe


source_id: ili:i86431
language: en
text:
a tributary of the Mississippi River that flows southeastward through northern Arkansas and southern Missouri


source_id: ili:i86438
language: en
text:
a wooded region in northeastern Virginia near Spotsylvania where bloody but inconclusive battles were fought in the American Civil War


source_id: ili:i86443
language: en
text:
a channel between eastern Cuba and western Haiti that connects the Atlantic Ocean with the Caribbean Sea


source_id: ili:i86451
language: en
text:
river in eastern Asia; rises in North Korea and flows southwest to Korea Bay (forming part of the border between North Korea and China)


source_id: ili:i86453
language: en
text:
a river that rises in west central Mississippi and flows southwest to empty into the Mississippi River above Vicksburg


source_id: ili:i86456
language: en
text:
a Russian river in Siberia; rises in mountains near the Mongolian border and flows generally northward into the Kara Sea


source_id: ili:i86458
language: en
text:
a series of waterfalls in Yosemite National Park in California; is reduced to a trickle for part of each year


source_id: ili:i86459
language: en
text:
a North American river that flows westward from the Yukon Territory through central Alaska to the Bering Sea


source_id: ili:i86462
language: en
text:
a former inlet of the North Sea in the northern coast of the Netherlands; sealed off from the sea in 1932 by a dam that created the IJsselmeer


source_id: ili:i86465
language: de
text:
eine Lebensform, von der angenommen wird, dass sie außerhalb der Erde oder ihrer Atmosphäre existiert


source_id: ili:i86467
language: en
text:
(Greek mythology) the mythical Greek king who for 30 years did not clean his stables which contained his vast herd of cattle


source_id: ili:i86469
language: en
text:
(Hindu mythology) the warrior prince in the Bhagavad-Gita to whom Krishna explains the nature of being and of God and how humans can come to know God


source_id: ili:i86482
language: de
text:
ein imaginäres Wesen, das einem Menschen ähnelt, aber kleiner ist und haarige Füße hat; erfunden von J.R.R. Tolkien


source_id: ili:i86483
language: en
text:
an imaginary creature that controls a small hole in a partition that divides a chamber filled with gas into two parts and allows fast molecules to move in one direction and slow molecules to move in the other direction through the hole; this would result in one part of the container becoming warmer and the other cooler, thus decreasing entropy and violating the second law of thermodynamics


source_id: ili:i86483
language: de
text:
ein imaginäres Wesen, das ein kleines Loch in einer Trennwand kontrolliert, die eine mit Gas gefüllte Kammer in zwei Teile teilt, und es schnellen Molekülen ermöglicht, sich in die eine Richtung und langsamen Molekülen, sich in die andere Richtung durch das Loch zu bewegen; dies würde dazu führen, dass ein Teil des Behälters wärmer und der andere kälter wird, wodurch die Entropie abnimmt und der zweite Hauptsatz der Thermodynamik verletzt wird


source_id: ili:i86495
language: en
text:
an egg-shaped character in a nursery rhyme who fell off a wall and could not be put back together again (late 17th century)


source_id: ili:i86498
language: en
text:
(Greek mythology) a sea nymph transformed into a sea monster who lived on one side of a narrow strait; drowned and devoured sailors who tried to escape Charybdis (a whirlpool) on the other side of the strait


source_id: ili:i86499
language: en
text:
the mythical Greek warrior with an unusually loud voice who died after losing a shouting contest with Hermes


source_id: ili:i86506
language: en
text:
(Greek mythology) the ferryman who brought the souls of the dead across the river Styx or the river Acheron to Hades


source_id: ili:i86507
language: en
text:
(Greek mythology) fire-breathing female monster with a lion's head and a goat's body and a serpent's tail; daughter of Typhon


source_id: ili:i86508
language: en
text:
(Greek mythology) the learned centaur who tutored Achilles, Asclepius, Hercules, Jason, and other heroes


source_id: ili:i86512
language: en
text:
a creature of Teutonic mythology; usually represented as breathing fire and having a reptilian body and sometimes wings


source_id: ili:i86514
language: en
text:
(Greek mythology) a Trojan boy who was so beautiful that Zeus carried him away to serve as cupbearer to the gods


source_id: ili:i86514
language: de
text:
(griechische Mythologie) ein trojanischer Junge, der so schön war, dass Zeus ihn mitnahm, um den Göttern als Mundschenk zu dienen


source_id: ili:i86516
language: en
text:
(Greek mythology) any of three winged sister monsters and the mortal Medusa who had live snakes for hair; a glance at Medusa turned the beholder to stone


source_id: ili:i86517
language: en
text:
(Greek mythology) one of three sisters who were the givers of beauty and charm; a favorite subject for sculptors


source_id: ili:i86524
language: en
text:
(Greek mythology) one of a people that the ancient Greeks believed lived in a warm and sunny land north of the source of the north wind


source_id: ili:i86527
language: en
text:
(Greek mythology) the daughter of Tantalus whose boasting about her children provoked Apollo and Artemis to slay them all; Niobe was turned to stone while bewailing her loss


source_id: ili:i86528
language: en
text:
(Greek mythology) the son of Zeus who slew Medusa (with the help of Athena and Hermes) and rescued Andromeda from a sea monster


source_id: ili:i86529
language: en
text:
(Greek mythology) an Ethiopian princess and daughter of Cassiopeia; she was fastened to a rock and exposed to a sea monster that was sent by Poseidon, but she was rescued by Perseus and became his wife


source_id: ili:i86532
language: de
text:
(griechische Mythologie) eine Frau, die von Athene in eine Gorgone verwandelt wurde; sie wurde von Perseus erschlagen


source_id: ili:i86535
language: en
text:
a mythical monster having the head of man (with horns) and the body of a lion and the tail of a scorpion


source_id: ili:i86536
language: en
text:
(Greek legend) the greedy king of Phrygia who Dionysus gave the power to turn everything he touched into gold


source_id: ili:i86537
language: en
text:
(Greek legend) a king in ancient Greece who offended Zeus and whose punishment was to roll a huge boulder to the top of a steep hill; each time the boulder neared the top it rolled back down and Sisyphus was forced to start again


source_id: ili:i86538
language: en
text:
(Greek mythology) a mythical monster with the head of a bull and the body of a man; slain by Theseus


source_id: ili:i86542
language: en
text:
(German mythology) any of the race of dwarfs who possessed a treasure hoard that was stolen by Siegfried


source_id: ili:i86544
language: en
text:
(Greek mythology) a mythical hero of Corinth who performed miracles on the winged horse Pegasus (especially killing the monster Chimera)


source_id: ili:i86545
language: en
text:
(Greek mythology) the prince of Troy who abducted Helen from her husband Menelaus and provoked the Trojan War


source_id: ili:i86546
language: en
text:
(Greek mythology) a friend of Achilles who was killed in the Trojan War; his death led Achilles to return to the fight after his quarrel with Agamemnon


source_id: ili:i86547
language: en
text:
(Greek mythology) the immortal winged horse that sprang from the blood of the slain Medusa; was tamed by Bellerophon with the help of a bridle given him by Athena; as the flying horse of the Muses it is a symbol of highflying imagination


source_id: ili:i86548
language: en
text:
a legendary Arabian bird said to periodically burn itself to death and emerge from the ashes as a new phoenix; according to most versions only one phoenix lived at a time and it renewed itself every 500 years


source_id: ili:i86552
language: en
text:
(Greek mythology) a son of Zeus who became king of Lycia; fought on behalf of the Trojans in the Trojan War and was killed by Patroclus


source_id: ili:i86553
language: en
text:
(German mythology) mythical German warrior hero of the Nibelungenlied who takes possession of the accursed treasure of the Nibelungs by slaying the dragon that guards it and awakens Brynhild and is eventually killed; Sigurd is the Norse counterpart


source_id: ili:i86554
language: en
text:
(Norse mythology) mythical Norse warrior hero who gains an accursed hoard of gold and was killed by Brynhild; Siegfried is the German counterpart


source_id: ili:i86555
language: en
text:
(Greek mythology) a riddling winged monster with a woman's head and breast on a lion's body; daughter of Typhon


source_id: ili:i86556
language: en
text:
(Scandanavian folklore) a supernatural creature (either a dwarf or a giant) that is supposed to live in caves or in the mountains


source_id: ili:i86556
language: de
text:
(skandinavische Folklore) eine übernatürliche Kreatur (entweder ein Zwerg oder ein Riese), die in Höhlen oder im Gebirge leben soll


source_id: ili:i86557
language: en
text:
(Greek mythology) son of Gaea and Tartarus who created the whirlwinds; had a terrifying voice and 100 dragon heads that spurted fire


source_id: ili:i86558
language: en
text:
(Greek mythology) a monster with a hundred heads who breathed out flames; son of Typhoeus and father of Cerberus and the Chimera and the Sphinx


source_id: ili:i86561
language: en
text:
a fire-breathing dragon used in medieval heraldry; had the head of a dragon and the tail of a snake and a body with wings and two legs


source_id: ili:i86570
language: en
text:
any supernatural being worshipped as controlling some part of the world or some aspect of life or who is the personification of a force


source_id: ili:i86572
language: en
text:
(classical mythology) the hideous snake-haired monsters (usually three in number) who pursued unpunished criminals


source_id: ili:i86585
language: en
text:
Celtic goddess of fire and fertility and agriculture and household arts and wisdom; later associated with Saint Bridget


source_id: ili:i86605
language: en
text:
Egyptian sun god; supreme god of the universe in whom Amen and Ra were merged; principal deity during Theban supremacy


source_id: ili:i86606
language: en
text:
Egyptian god of tombs and ruler of the underworld; usually depicted as a man with the head of a jackal


source_id: ili:i86618
language: en
text:
ancient Egyptian sun god with the head of a hawk; a universal creator; he merged with the god Amen as Amen-Ra to become the king of the gods


source_id: ili:i86620
language: en
text:
evil Egyptian god with the head of a beast that has high square ears and a long snout; brother and murderer of Osiris


source_id: ili:i86621
language: en
text:
Egyptian Moon deity with the head of an ibis; god of wisdom and learning and the arts; scribe of the gods


source_id: ili:i86625
language: en
text:
the Babylonian father of the gods; identified with Assyrian Ashur; in Sumerian the name signifies `the totality of the upper world'


source_id: ili:i86633
language: en
text:
Babylonian and Assyrian goddess of love and fertility and war; counterpart to the Phoenician Astarte


source_id: ili:i86634
language: en
text:
any of numerous local fertility and nature deities worshipped by ancient Semitic peoples; the Hebrews considered Baal a false god


source_id: ili:i86635
language: en
text:
Babylonian god of the earth; one of the supreme triad including Anu and Ea; earlier identified with En-lil


source_id: ili:i86640
language: en
text:
the Babylonian god of wisdom; son of Apsu and father of Marduk; counterpart of the Sumerian Enki; as one of the supreme triad including Anu and Bel he was assigned control of the watery element


source_id: ili:i86656
language: en
text:
a demon personifying death; messenger of the underworld goddess Ereshkigal bringing death to mankind


source_id: ili:i86665
language: en
text:
a solar deity; firstborn of Bel and consort was Gula; god of war and the chase and agriculture; sometimes identified with biblical Nimrod


source_id: ili:i86669
language: en
text:
the chief sun god; drives away winter and storms and brightens the earth with greenery; drives away evil and brings justice and compassion


source_id: ili:i86681
language: en
text:
(Sanskrit) Hindu god of fire in ancient and traditional India; one of the three chief deities of the Vedas


source_id: ili:i86689
language: en
text:
Hindu mother goddess; supreme power in the universe; wife or embodiment of the female energy of Siva having both beneficent and malevolent forms or aspects


source_id: ili:i86691
language: en
text:
basic principles of the cosmos; also: an ancient sage in Hindu mythology worshipped as a god by some lower castes


source_id: ili:i86706
language: en
text:
Hindu god of friendship and alliances; usually invoked together with Varuna as a supporter of heaven and earth


source_id: ili:i86722
language: en
text:
an important god of later Hinduism; the sun god or the sun itself worshipped as the source of warmth and light


source_id: ili:i86726
language: en
text:
in Vedism, god of the night sky who with his thousand eyes watches over human conduct and judges good and evil and punishes evildoers; often considered king of the Hindu gods and frequently paired with Mitra as an upholder of the world


source_id: ili:i86734
language: en
text:
avatar of Vishnu whose name is synonymous with God; any of three incarnations: Ramachandra or Parashurama or Balarama


source_id: ili:i86757
language: en
text:
(Buddhism) a female Bodhisattva; often called goddess of mercy and considered an aspect of the Bodhisattva Avalokitesvara; identified with Japanese Kwannon


source_id: ili:i86764
language: en
text:
one the Shinto deities (including mythological beings, spirits of distinguished men, forces of nature)


source_id: ili:i86771
language: en
text:
the supernatural being conceived as the perfect and omnipotent and omniscient originator and ruler of the universe; the object of worship in monotheistic religions


source_id: ili:i86771
language: de
text:
das übernatürliche Wesen, das als vollkommener, allmächtiger und allwissender Urheber und Herrscher des Universums angesehen wird; Gegenstand der Anbetung in monotheistischen Religionen


source_id: ili:i86773
language: en
text:
(Gnosticism) a divine power or nature emanating from the Supreme Being and playing various roles in the operation of the universe


source_id: ili:i86780
language: en
text:
the third person in the Trinity; Jesus promised the Apostles that he would send the Holy Spirit after his Crucifixion and Resurrection; it came on Pentecost


source_id: ili:i86780
language: de
text:
die dritte Person der Dreifaltigkeit; Jesus versprach den Aposteln, dass er den Heiligen Geist nach seiner Kreuzigung und Auferstehung senden würde; er kam an Pfingsten


source_id: ili:i86781
language: en
text:
any of the three persons of the Godhead constituting the Trinity especially the person of Christ in which divine and human natures are united


source_id: ili:i86785
language: en
text:
ancient Italian deity in human shape, with horns, pointed ears and a goat's tail; equivalent to Greek satyr


source_id: ili:i86798
language: en
text:
a female character in some fairy stories who has magical powers and can bring unexpected good fortune to the hero or heroine


source_id: ili:i86799
language: en
text:
a legendary creature resembling a tiny old man; lives in the depths of the earth and guards buried treasure


source_id: ili:i86814
language: en
text:
(Judeo-Christian and Islamic religions) chief spirit of evil and adversary of God; tempter of mankind; master of Hell


source_id: ili:i86820
language: en
text:
(Islam) an invisible spirit mentioned in the Koran and believed by Muslims to inhabit the earth and influence mankind by appearing in the form of humans or animals


source_id: ili:i86820
language: de
text:
(Islam) ein unsichtbarer Geist, der im Koran erwähnt wird und von dem die Muslime glauben, dass er die Erde bewohnt und die Menschheit beeinflusst, indem er in Form von Menschen oder Tieren erscheint


source_id: ili:i86823
language: en
text:
(Islam) one of the dark-eyed virgins of perfect beauty believed to live with the blessed in Paradise


source_id: ili:i86826
language: en
text:
a mischievous supernatural being found in the folklore of many primitive people; sometimes distinguished by prodigious biological drives and exaggerated bodily parts


source_id: ili:i86831
language: en
text:
a fairy that is said to leave money at night under a child's pillow to compensate for a baby tooth falling out


source_id: ili:i86833
language: en
text:
(Persian folklore) a supernatural being descended from fallen angels and excluded from paradise until penance is done


source_id: ili:i86835
language: en
text:
the captain of a phantom ship (the Flying Dutchman) who was condemned to sail against the wind until Judgment Day


source_id: ili:i86840
language: en
text:
the chief satyr in the service of Bacchus; father of Dionysus; usually depicted as drunk and jolly and riding a donkey


source_id: ili:i86844
language: en
text:
(Greek mythology) group of 3 to 7 nymphs who guarded the golden apples that Gaea gave as a wedding gift to Hera


source_id: ili:i86845
language: en
text:
(Greek mythology) 7 daughters of Atlas and half-sisters of the Pleiades; they nurtured the infant Dionysus and Zeus placed them among the stars as a reward


source_id: ili:i86847
language: en
text:
(Greek mythology) 7 daughters of Atlas and half-sisters of the Hyades; placed among the stars to save them from the pursuit of Orion


source_id: ili:i86862
language: en
text:
personification of the sky or upper air breathed by the Olympians; son of Erebus and night or of Chaos and darkness


source_id: ili:i86863
language: en
text:
(Greek mythology) Greek god of light; god of prophecy and poetry and music and healing; son of Zeus and Leto; twin brother of Artemis


source_id: ili:i86863
language: de
text:
(griechische Mythologie) griechischer Gott des Lichts; Gott der Prophezeiung und der Poesie und der Musik und der Heilung; Sohn von Zeus und Leto; Zwillingsbruder von Artemis


source_id: ili:i86866
language: en
text:
(Greek mythology) priestess of Aphrodite who killed herself when her lover Leander drowned while trying to swim the Hellespont to see her


source_id: ili:i86867
language: en
text:
(Greek mythology) a youth beloved of Hero who drowned in a storm in the Hellespont on one of his nightly visits to see her


source_id: ili:i86868
language: en
text:
(Greek mythology) a king who created a statue of a woman and fell in love with it; Aphrodite brought the sculpture to life as Galatea


source_id: ili:i86869
language: en
text:
(Greek mythology) a maiden who was first a sculpture created by Pygmalion and was brought to life by Aphrodite in answer to Pygmalion's prayers


source_id: ili:i86875
language: en
text:
(Roman mythology) Roman god of war and agriculture; father of Romulus and Remus; counterpart of Greek Ares


source_id: ili:i86875
language: de
text:
(Römische Mythologie) Römischer Gott des Krieges und des Ackerbaus; Vater von Romulus und Remus; Gegenstück des griechischen Ares


source_id: ili:i86878
language: en
text:
(Roman mythology) founder of Rome; suckled with his twin brother Remus by a wolf after their parents (Mars and Rhea Silvia) abandoned them; Romulus killed Remus in an argument over the building of Rome


source_id: ili:i86880
language: en
text:
(Greek mythology) the virgin goddess of the hunt and the Moon; daughter of Leto and twin sister of Apollo; identified with Roman Diana


source_id: ili:i86880
language: de
text:
(griechische Mythologie) die jungfräuliche Göttin der Jagd und des Mondes; Tochter von Leto und Zwillingsschwester von Apollo; identifiziert mit der römischen Diana


source_id: ili:i86884
language: en
text:
(Greek mythology) goddess of wisdom and useful arts and prudent warfare; guardian of Athens; identified with Roman Minerva


source_id: ili:i86886
language: en
text:
(Greek mythology) the most ancient of gods; the personification of the infinity of space preceding creation of the universe


source_id: ili:i86887
language: en
text:
(Greek mythology) the supreme god until Zeus dethroned him; son of Uranus and Gaea in ancient Greek mythology; identified with Roman Saturn


source_id: ili:i86888
language: en
text:
(Roman mythology) a princess of Tyre who was the founder and queen of Carthage; Virgil tells of her suicide when she was abandoned by Aeneas


source_id: ili:i86890
language: en
text:
(Greek mythology) goddess of fertility and protector of marriage in ancient mythology; counterpart of Roman Ceres


source_id: ili:i86894
language: en
text:
son of Apollo; a hero and the Roman god of medicine and healing; his daughters were Hygeia and Panacea


source_id: ili:i86896
language: en
text:
(Greek mythology) Greek god of darkness who dwelt in the underworld; son of Chaos; brother of Nox; father of Aether and Day


source_id: ili:i86900
language: en
text:
(Greek mythology) an Athenian inventor who built the labyrinth of Minos; to escape the labyrinth he fashioned wings for himself and his son Icarus


source_id: ili:i86901
language: en
text:
(Greek mythology) according to a Greek legend: when Pythias was sentenced to be executed Damon took his place to allow Pythias to get his affairs in order; when Pythias returned in time to save Damon the king was so impressed that he let them both live


source_id: ili:i86903
language: en
text:
(Greek mythology) the goddess of youth and spring; wife of Hercules; daughter of Zeus and Hera; cupbearer to the Olympian gods


source_id: ili:i86903
language: de
text:
(griechische Mythologie) Göttin der Jugend und des Frühlings; Frau des Herkules; Tochter von Zeus und Hera; Mundschenk der olympischen Götter


source_id: ili:i86904
language: en
text:
(Greek mythology) ancient god of the sun; drove his chariot across the sky each day; identified with Roman Sol


source_id: ili:i86905
language: en
text:
(Greek mythology) son of Daedalus; while escaping from Crete with his father (using the wings Daedalus had made) he flew too close to the sun and the wax melted and he fell into the Aegean and drowned


source_id: ili:i86907
language: en
text:
(Greek mythology) Greek goddess of fertility who later became associated with Persephone as goddess of the underworld and protector of witches


source_id: ili:i86908
language: en
text:
(Greek mythology) the lame god of fire and metalworking in ancient mythology; identified with Roman Vulcan


source_id: ili:i86908
language: de
text:
(griechische Mythologie) der lahme Gott des Feuers und der Metallverarbeitung in der antiken Mythologie; identifiziert mit dem römischen Vulkan


source_id: ili:i86910
language: en
text:
(Greek mythology) messenger and herald of the gods; god of commerce and cunning and invention and theft; identified with Roman Mercury


source_id: ili:i86915
language: en
text:
queen of the Olympian gods in ancient Greek mythology; sister and wife of Zeus remembered for her jealously of the many mortal women Zeus fell in love with; identified with Roman Juno


source_id: ili:i86915
language: de
text:
Königin der olympischen Götter in der antiken griechischen Mythologie; Schwester und Gattin des Zeus, bekannt für ihre Eifersucht auf die vielen sterblichen Frauen, in die sich Zeus verliebte; identifiziert mit der römischen Juno


source_id: ili:i86916
language: en
text:
(Greek mythology) a maiden seduced by Zeus; when Hera was about to discover them together Zeus turned her into a white heifer


source_id: ili:i86917
language: en
text:
(Roman mythology) the Roman god of doorways and passages; is depicted with two faces on opposite sides of his head


source_id: ili:i86918
language: en
text:
(Roman mythology) queen of the Olympian gods who protected marriage; wife and sister of Jupiter; counterpart of Greek Hera


source_id: ili:i86919
language: en
text:
(Greek mythology) the goddess of the hearth and its fire in ancient mythology; identified with Roman Vesta


source_id: ili:i86919
language: de
text:
(griechische Mythologie) die Göttin des Herdes und des Feuers in der antiken Mythologie; identifiziert mit der römischen Vesta


source_id: ili:i86920
language: en
text:
(Roman mythology) goddess of the hearth and its fire whose flame was tended by vestal virgins; counterpart of Greek Hestia


source_id: ili:i86922
language: en
text:
(Greek mythology) a Titan who was the son of Gaea and Uranus and the father of Helios and Selene and Eos in ancient mythology


source_id: ili:i86923
language: en
text:
son of Zeus and Europa; king of ancient Crete; ordered Daedalus to build the labyrinth; after death Minos became a judge in the underworld


source_id: ili:i86924
language: en
text:
beautiful daughter of Minos and Pasiphae; she fell in love with Theseus and gave him the thread with which he found his way out of the Minotaur's labyrinth


source_id: ili:i86925
language: en
text:
any of the three Greek goddesses of fate or destiny; identified with the Roman Parcae and similar to the Norse Norns


source_id: ili:i86926
language: en
text:
any of the three Roman goddesses of fate or destiny; identified with the Greek Moirai and similar to the Norse Norns


source_id: ili:i86942
language: en
text:
(Greek mythology) a sea god son of Pontus and Gaea; lived in the depths of the sea with his wife Doris and their daughters the Nereids


source_id: ili:i86945
language: en
text:
(Greek mythology) god of the heavens; son and husband of Gaea and father of the Titans in ancient mythology


source_id: ili:i86946
language: en
text:
(Greek mythology) god of fields and woods and shepherds and flocks; represented as a man with goat's legs and horns and ears; identified with Roman Sylvanus or Faunus


source_id: ili:i86950
language: en
text:
(Greek mythology) the god of the sea and earthquakes in ancient mythology; brother of Zeus and Hades and Hera; identified with Roman Neptune


source_id: ili:i86953
language: en
text:
(Greek mythology) daughter of Zeus and Demeter; made queen of the underworld by Pluto in ancient mythology; identified with Roman Proserpina


source_id: ili:i86954
language: en
text:
(Greek mythology) a mythical giant who was a thief and murderer; he would capture people and tie them to an iron bed, stretching them or hacking off their legs to make them fit; was killed by Theseus


source_id: ili:i86956
language: en
text:
(Greek mythology) son of Helios; killed when trying to drive his father's chariot and came too close to earth


source_id: ili:i86957
language: en
text:
(Greek mythology) the god of the underworld in ancient mythology; brother of Zeus and husband of Persephone


source_id: ili:i86964
language: en
text:
(Greek mythology) the winged goddess of the dawn in ancient mythology; daughter of Hyperion; identified with Roman Aurora


source_id: ili:i86966
language: en
text:
(Greek mythology) a giant Boeotian hunter who pursued the Pleiades and was eventually slain by Artemis; was then placed in the sky as a constellation


source_id: ili:i86967
language: en
text:
(Greek mythology) a great musician; when his wife Eurydice died he went to Hades to get her back but failed


source_id: ili:i86969
language: en
text:
(Roman mythology) goddess of the earth; protector of marriage and fertility; identified with Greek Gaea


source_id: ili:i86970
language: en
text:
(Greek mythology) any of the primordial giant gods who ruled the Earth until overthrown by Zeus; the Titans were offspring of Uranus (Heaven) and Gaea (Earth)


source_id: ili:i86971
language: en
text:
(Greek mythology) any of the primordial giant goddesses who were offspring of Uranus (heaven) and Gaea (earth) in ancient mythology


source_id: ili:i86976
language: en
text:
(Greek mythology) the supreme god of ancient Greek mythology; son of Rhea and Cronus whom he dethroned; husband and brother of Hera; brother of Poseidon and Hades; father of many gods; counterpart of Roman Jupiter


source_id: ili:i86976
language: de
text:
(griechische Mythologie) der oberste Gott der antiken griechischen Mythologie; Sohn von Rhea und Kronos, den er entthronte; Ehemann und Bruder von Hera; Bruder von Poseidon und Hades; Vater vieler Götter; Gegenstück zum römischen Jupiter


source_id: ili:i86986
language: en
text:
(Greek mythology) the Titan who was father of Atlas and Epimetheus and Prometheus in ancient mythology


source_id: ili:i86987
language: en
text:
(Roman mythology) one of the virgin priestesses consecrated to the Roman goddess Vesta and to maintaining the sacred fire in her temple


source_id: ili:i86989
language: en
text:
(Greek mythology) brother of Prometheus; despite Prometheus's warning against gifts from Zeus he accepted Pandora as his wife


source_id: ili:i86990
language: en
text:
(Greek mythology) the Titan who stole fire from Olympus and gave it to mankind; Zeus punished him by chaining him to a rock where an eagle gnawed at his liver until Hercules rescued him


source_id: ili:i86992
language: en
text:
fertility goddess in ancient Greek mythology; wife of Cronus and mother of Zeus; identified with Roman Ops and Cybele of ancient Asia Minor


source_id: ili:i86993
language: en
text:
(Roman mythology) goddess of abundance and fertility; wife of Saturn; counterpart of Greek Rhea and Cybele of ancient Asia Minor


source_id: ili:i87000
language: en
text:
(Greek mythology) a beautiful princess loved by Cupid who visited her at night and told her she must not try to see him; became the personification of the soul


source_id: ili:i87001
language: en
text:
wife or mistress of Zeus and mother of Apollo and Artemis in ancient mythology; called Latona in Roman mythology


source_id: ili:i87002
language: en
text:
(classical mythology) a hero noted for his strength; performed 12 immense labors to gain immortality


source_id: ili:i87002
language: de
text:
(klassische Mythologie) ein Held, der für seine Stärke bekannt war; führte 12 immense Arbeiten aus, um Unsterblichkeit zu erlangen


source_id: ili:i87003
language: en
text:
(Greek mythology) the first woman; created by Hephaestus on orders from Zeus who presented her to Epimetheus along with a box filled with evils


source_id: ili:i87008
language: en
text:
(Norse mythology) god of light and peace and noted for his beauty and sweet nature; son of Odin and Frigg and husband of Nanna; killed by Hoth


source_id: ili:i87012
language: en
text:
(Norse mythology) god of earth's fertility and peace and prosperity; son of Njorth and brother of Freya; originally of the Vanir; later with the Aesir


source_id: ili:i87018
language: en
text:
(Norse mythology) a blind god; misled by Loki, he kills his brother Balder by throwing a shaft of mistletoe


source_id: ili:i87019
language: en
text:
(Norse mythology) goddess of spring and wife of Bragi; guarded the apples that kept the gods eternally young


source_id: ili:i87021
language: en
text:
(Norse mythology) trickster; god of discord and mischief; contrived death of Balder and was overcome by Thor


source_id: ili:i87024
language: en
text:
(Norse mythology) chief of the Vanir; god of the sea and winds and prosperity; father of Frey and Freya; sometimes subsumes Teutonic Nerthus


source_id: ili:i87025
language: en
text:
(Norse mythology) any of the three goddesses of destiny; identified with Anglo-Saxon Wyrd; similar to Greek Moirae and Roman Parcae


source_id: ili:i87029
language: en
text:
(Norse mythology) ruler of the Aesir; supreme god of war and poetry and knowledge and wisdom (for which he gave an eye) and husband of Frigg; identified with the Teutonic Wotan


source_id: ili:i87031
language: en
text:
(Norse mythology) wife of Loki; held a cup over him during his punishment to spare him the pain of drops of poison


source_id: ili:i87032
language: en
text:
(Norse mythology) god of thunder and rain and farming; pictured as wielding a hammer emblematic of the thunderbolt; identified with Teutonic Donar


source_id: ili:i87032
language: de
text:
(nordische Mythologie) Gott des Donners, des Regens und des Ackerbaus; dargestellt mit einem Hammer, der den Donnerkeil symbolisiert; identifiziert mit dem germanischen Donar


source_id: ili:i87034
language: en
text:
(Norse mythology) one of the Aesir known for his beauty and skill with bow and skis; son of Sif and stepson of Thor


source_id: ili:i87039
language: en
text:
(Norse mythology) a huge ash tree whose roots and branches hold the earth and Heaven and Hell together


source_id: ili:i87040
language: en
text:
(Norse mythology) the primeval giant slain by Odin and his brothers and from whose body they created the world: the sea from his blood; the earth from his flesh; the mountains from his bones; the sky from his skull


source_id: ili:i87050
language: en
text:
(Old Testament) in Judeo-Christian mythology; the first man and the husband of Eve and the progenitor of the human race


source_id: ili:i87051
language: en
text:
(Old Testament) Adam's wife in Judeo-Christian mythology: the first woman and mother of the human race; God created Eve from Adam's rib and placed Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden


source_id: ili:i87052
language: en
text:
(Old Testament) Cain and Abel were the first children of Adam and Eve born after the Fall of Man; Cain killed Abel out of jealousy and was exiled by God


source_id: ili:i87053
language: en
text:
(Old Testament) Cain and Abel were the first children of Adam and Eve born after the Fall of Man; Abel was killed by Cain


source_id: ili:i87055
language: it
text:
ciascuna delle persone che hanno una parte in un’opera teatrale, letteraria, cinematografica o televisiva


source_id: ili:i87061
language: en
text:
the legendary hero of an anonymous Old English epic poem composed in the early 8th century; he slays a monster and becomes king but dies fighting a dragon


source_id: ili:i87064
language: en
text:
a Valkyrie or a queen in the Nibelungenlied who loved the hero Siegfried; when he deceived her she had him killed and then committed suicide


source_id: ili:i87065
language: en
text:
(Norse mythology) one of the maidens of Odin who chose heroes to be slain in battle and conducted them to Valhalla


source_id: ili:i87066
language: en
text:
the fictional character of a rabbit who appeared in tales supposedly told by Uncle Remus and first published in 1880


source_id: ili:i87068
language: en
text:
hero of American folk tales; portrayed as an enormously strong black man who worked on the railroads and died from exhaustion after winning a contest with a steam drill


source_id: ili:i87071
language: en
text:
a fictional young girl who is saved from her stepmother and stepsisters by her fairy godmother and a handsome prince


source_id: ili:i87071
language: de
text:
ein fiktives junges Mädchen, das von seiner guten Fee und einem hübschen Prinzen vor seiner Stiefmutter und seinen Stiefschwestern gerettet wird


source_id: ili:i87074
language: en
text:
(Greek mythology) the husband of Medea and leader of the Argonauts who sailed in quest of the Golden Fleece


source_id: ili:i87077
language: en
text:
(Greek mythology) a famous mythical Greek hero; his return to Ithaca after the siege of Troy was described in the Odyssey


source_id: ili:i87077
language: de
text:
(griechische Mythologie) ein berühmter mythischer griechischer Held; seine Rückkehr nach Ithaka nach der Belagerung von Troja wurde in der Odyssee beschrieben


source_id: ili:i87079
language: en
text:
(Greek mythology) the wife of Odysseus and a symbol of devotion and fidelity; for 10 years while Odysseus fought the Trojan War she resisted numerous suitors until Odysseus returned and killed them


source_id: ili:i87080
language: en
text:
(Greek mythology) a hero and king of Athens who was noted for his many great deeds: killed Procrustes and the Minotaur and defeated the Amazons and united Attica


source_id: ili:i87081
language: en
text:
(Greek mythology) a wicked king and son of Zeus; condemned in Hades to stand in water that receded when he tried to drink and beneath fruit that receded when he reached for it


source_id: ili:i87083
language: de
text:
große Naturgöttin des antiken Phrygien in Kleinasien; Gegenstück der griechischen Rhea und der römischen Ops


source_id: ili:i87084
language: en
text:
a mythical Greek hero of the Iliad; a foremost Greek warrior at the siege of Troy; when he was a baby his mother tried to make him immortal by bathing him in a magical river but the heel by which she held him remained vulnerable--his `Achilles' heel'


source_id: ili:i87088
language: en
text:
(Greek mythology) the king of Sparta at the time of the Trojan War; brother of Agamemnon; husband of Helen


source_id: ili:i87089
language: en
text:
(Greek mythology) the daughter of Clytemnestra and Agamemnon; Agamemnon was obliged to offer her as a sacrifice to Artemis when the Greek fleet was becalmed on its way to Troy; Artemis rescued her and she later became a priestess


source_id: ili:i87091
language: en
text:
(Greek mythology) the seducer of Clytemnestra and murderer of Agamemnon who usurped the throne of Mycenae until Agamemnon's son Orestes returned home and killed him


source_id: ili:i87092
language: en
text:
(Greek mythology) the son of Agamemnon and Clytemnestra; his sister Electra persuaded him to avenge Agamemnon's death by killing Clytemnestra and Aegisthus


source_id: ili:i87093
language: en
text:
(Greek mythology) a prophetess in Troy during the Trojan War whose predictions were true but were never believed


source_id: ili:i87095
language: en
text:
(Greek mythology) the brother of Jocasta and uncle of Antigone who became king of Thebes after the fall of Oedipus


source_id: ili:i87097
language: en
text:
(Greek mythology) the daughter of Agamemnon and Clytemnestra; persuaded her brother (Orestes) to avenge Agamemnon's death by helping her to kill Clytemnestra and her lover (Aegisthus)


source_id: ili:i87098
language: en
text:
(Greek mythology) the priest of Apollo who warned the Trojans to beware of Greeks bearing gifts when they wanted to accept the Trojan Horse; a god who favored the Greeks (Poseidon or Athena) sent snakes who coiled around Laocoon and his two twin sons killing them


source_id: ili:i87101
language: en
text:
(Greek mythology) a tragic king of Thebes who unknowingly killed his father Laius and married his mother Jocasta; the subject of the drama `Oedipus Rex' by Sophocles


source_id: ili:i87102
language: en
text:
(Greek mythology) the blind prophet of Thebes who revealed to Oedipus that Oedipus had murdered his father and married his mother


source_id: ili:i8711
language: en
text:
of or belonging to or constituting the hereditary aristocracy especially as derived from feudal times


source_id: ili:i8711
language: de
text:
der erblichen Aristokratie angehörend oder zu ihr gehörend, insbesondere aus der Feudalzeit stammend


source_id: ili:i87110
language: en
text:
the fictional Swiss scientist who was the protagonist in a gothic novel by Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley; he created a monster from parts of corpses


source_id: ili:i87111
language: en
text:
the monster created by Frankenstein in a gothic novel by Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley (the creator's name is commonly used to refer to his creation)


source_id: ili:i87113
language: en
text:
a fictional Englishman who travels to the imaginary land of Lilliput in a satirical novel by Jonathan Swift


source_id: ili:i87116
language: en
text:
(Greek mythology) the beautiful daughter of Zeus and Leda who was abducted by Paris; the Greek army sailed to Troy to get her back which resulted in the Trojan War


source_id: ili:i87121
language: en
text:
the hero of William Shakespeare's tragedy who was betrayed and mistreated by two of his scheming daughters


source_id: ili:i87122
language: en
text:
(Greek mythology) a queen of Sparta who was raped by Zeus who had taken the form of a swan; Helen of Troy was conceived in the rape of Leda


source_id: ili:i87124
language: en
text:
tough cynical detective (one of the early detective heroes in American fiction) created by Raymond Chandler


source_id: ili:i87139
language: en
text:
the title character in a story by Washington Irving about a man who sleeps for 20 years and doesn't recognize the world when he wakens


source_id: ili:i87143
language: en
text:
the fictional storyteller of tales written in the Black Vernacular and set in the South; the tales were first collected and published in book form in 1880


source_id: ili:i87151
language: en
text:
a reference to yourself or myself etc.; `take care of number one' means to put your own interests first


source_id: ili:i87178
language: en
text:
someone appointed by a court to assume responsibility for the interests of a minor or incompetent person


source_id: ili:i87178
language: de
text:
eine von einem Gericht bestellte Person, die die Verantwortung für die Interessen einer minderjährigen oder unzurechnungsfähigen Person übernimmt


source_id: ili:i87179
language: en
text:
a member of a constituency; a citizen who is represented in a government by officials for whom he or she votes


source_id: ili:i87190
language: en
text:
a signer in addition to the principal signer (to verify the authenticity of the principal signature or to provide surety)


source_id: ili:i87199
language: en
text:
a person who holds a commissioned rank in the United States Navy or the United States Coast Guard; below lieutenant junior grade


source_id: ili:i8727
language: en
text:
relating to or constituting the middle value of an ordered set of values (or the average of the middle two in a set with an even number of values)


source_id: ili:i87273
language: en
text:
(ethnic slur) offensive and derogatory name for a Black man who is abjectly servile and deferential to Whites


source_id: ili:i87297
language: en
text:
a member of an Oriental race; the term is regarded as offensive by Asians (especially by Asian Americans)


source_id: ili:i87301
language: en
text:
(slang) a disparaging term for an Asian person (especially for North Vietnamese soldiers in the Vietnam War)


source_id: ili:i87304
language: en
text:
a member of the Turkic-speaking people living from the Volga to the Ural Mountains (the name has been attributed to many other groups)


source_id: ili:i87304
language: de
text:
Angehöriger eines turksprachigen Volkes, das von der Wolga bis zum Uralgebirge lebt (der Name wurde vielen anderen Gruppen zugeschrieben)


source_id: ili:i87315
language: en
text:
a member of any of the North American Indian groups speaking an Algonquian language and originally living in the subarctic regions of eastern Canada; many Algonquian tribes migrated south into the woodlands from the Mississippi River to the Atlantic coast


source_id: ili:i87316
language: en
text:
a Native American who lived in what is now southern Colorado and Utah and northern Arizona and New Mexico and who built cliff dwellings


source_id: ili:i87318
language: en
text:
a member of any of the North American Indian groups speaking an Athapaskan language and living in the subarctic regions of western Canada and central Alaska


source_id: ili:i87320
language: en
text:
a member of an American Indian people of Yucatan and Belize and Guatemala who had a culture (which reached its peak between AD 300 and 900) characterized by outstanding architecture and pottery and astronomy


source_id: ili:i87322
language: en
text:
a member of the Nahuatl people who established an empire in Mexico that was overthrown by Cortes in 1519


source_id: ili:i87323
language: en
text:
a member of an early Mesoamerican civilization centered around Veracruz that flourished between 1300 and 400 BC


source_id: ili:i87325
language: en
text:
a member of a large tribe of Mesoamericans living in southern Mexico whose civilization flourished around 300 to 900


source_id: ili:i87326
language: en
text:
a member of one of the tribes of American Indians who lived a nomadic life following the buffalo in the Great Plains of North America


source_id: ili:i87327
language: en
text:
any member of Athapaskan tribes that migrated to the southwestern desert (from Arizona to Texas and south into Mexico); fought a losing battle from 1861 to 1886 with the United States and were resettled in Oklahoma


source_id: ili:i87328
language: en
text:
a member of a tribe of Plains Indians formerly inhabiting eastern Colorado and Wyoming (now living in Oklahoma and Wyoming)


source_id: ili:i87334
language: en
text:
a group of Plains Indians formerly living in what is now North and South Dakota and Nebraska and Kansas and Arkansas and Louisiana and Oklahoma and Texas


source_id: ili:i87338
language: en
text:
a member of an Iroquoian people formerly living in the Appalachian Mountains but now chiefly in Oklahoma


source_id: ili:i87339
language: en
text:
a member of a North American Indian people living on the western plains (now living in Oklahoma and Montana)


source_id: ili:i87343
language: en
text:
a member of an important North American Indian people who controlled the mouth of the Columbia river; they were organized into settlements rather than tribes


source_id: ili:i87349
language: en
text:
a member of the Shoshonean people who formerly lived between Wyoming and the Mexican border but are now chiefly in Oklahoma


source_id: ili:i87350
language: en
text:
a member of an Algonquian people formerly living in Maryland between Chesapeake Bay and the Potomac river; allies of the Nanticoke people


source_id: ili:i87351
language: en
text:
a member of a North American Indian people living in coastal California between Monterey and San Francisco Bay


source_id: ili:i87353
language: en
text:
any member of the Creek Confederacy (especially the Muskogee) formerly living in Georgia and Alabama but now chiefly in Oklahoma


source_id: ili:i87356
language: en
text:
a member of an Algonquian people formerly living in New Jersey and New York and parts of Delaware and Pennsylvania


source_id: ili:i87359
language: en
text:
a member of an Iroquoian people formerly living on the south shore of Lake Erie in northern Ohio and northwest Pennsylvania and western New York


source_id: ili:i87364
language: en
text:
a member of a seafaring group of North American Indians who lived on the Pacific coast of British Columbia and southwestern Alaska


source_id: ili:i87365
language: en
text:
a member of a North American Indian people of the Colorado river valley near the mouth of the Gila river; allied to the Maricopa


source_id: ili:i87367
language: en
text:
a member of the Sioux people formerly inhabiting an area along the Missouri river in western North Dakota


source_id: ili:i87371
language: en
text:
a member of the Siouan people who constituted a division of the Teton Sioux and who formerly lived in the western Dakotas; they were prominent in resisting the white encroachment into the northern Great Plains


source_id: ili:i87375
language: en
text:
any member of the warlike North American Indian peoples formerly living in New York State; the Iroquois League were allies of the British during the American Revolution


source_id: ili:i87385
language: en
text:
a member of the Muskhogean people formerly living in northern Alabama; a member of the Creek Confederacy


source_id: ili:i87387
language: en
text:
a member of the Wakashan people living around Queen Charlotte Sound and on northern Vancouver Island


source_id: ili:i87394
language: en
text:
a member of the federally recognized tribe of Algonquian people living on a reservation in central Wisconsin


source_id: ili:i87400
language: en
text:
a member of the North American Indian people formerly living in the Colorado river valley in Arizona and Nevada and California


source_id: ili:i87402
language: en
text:
a member of the Algonquian people formerly living in the Hudson valley and eastward to the Housatonic


source_id: ili:i87403
language: en
text:
a member of any of the peoples formerly living in southeastern United States and speaking Muskhogean languages


source_id: ili:i87404
language: en
text:
a member of the Muskhogean people formerly living in Georgia and eastern Alabama and constituting the core of the Creek Confederacy


source_id: ili:i87408
language: en
text:
a member of the Wakashan people living on Vancouver Island and in the Cape Flattery region of northwestern Washington


source_id: ili:i87410
language: en
text:
a member of the Siouan people who constituted a division of the Teton Sioux and who formerly inhabited the Black Hills of western South Dakota


source_id: ili:i87413
language: en
text:
a member of the Siouan people formerly living in Missouri in the valleys of the Missouri and Osage rivers; oil was found on Osage lands early in the 20th century


source_id: ili:i87415
language: en
text:
a member of the Iroquoian people formerly living between Lake Champlain and the Saint Lawrence River


source_id: ili:i87418
language: en
text:
a member of either of two Shoshonean peoples (northern Paiute and southern Paiute) related to the Aztecs and living in the southwestern United States


source_id: ili:i87420
language: en
text:
a member of the Algonquian people related to the Malecite and living in northeastern Maine and New Brunswick


source_id: ili:i87423
language: en
text:
a member of the Algonquian people belonging to the Abnaki confederacy and living in the Penobscot valley in northern Maine


source_id: ili:i87426
language: en
text:
a member of an Indian people of northern California living along the Russian River valley and adjacent Pacific coast


source_id: ili:i87430
language: en
text:
a member of any of about two dozen Native American peoples called `Pueblos' by the Spanish because they live in pueblos (villages built of adobe and rock)


source_id: ili:i87435
language: en
text:
a member of a group of North American Indians speaking a Salishan language and living on the northwest coast of North America


source_id: ili:i87437
language: en
text:
a member of the Algonquian people formerly living in Wisconsin in the Fox River valley and on the shores of Green Bay


source_id: ili:i87440
language: en
text:
a member of a North American Indian people who lived in Oregon along the Columbia river and its tributaries in Washington and northern Idaho


source_id: ili:i87443
language: en
text:
a member of the North American Indian people (related to the Aztecs) of the southwestern United States


source_id: ili:i87445
language: en
text:
a member of a group of North American Indian peoples who spoke a Siouan language and who ranged from Lake Michigan to the Rocky Mountains


source_id: ili:i87446
language: en
text:
a member of the large western branch of Sioux people which was made up of several groups that lived on the plains


source_id: ili:i87455
language: en
text:
a member of an Iroquois people who formerly lived in North Carolina and then moved to New York State and joined the Iroquois


source_id: ili:i8746
language: en
text:
deviating widely from a norm of physical or mental ability; used especially of children below normal in intelligence


source_id: ili:i87463
language: en
text:
a member of the Siouan-speaking people formerly living in eastern Wisconsin south of Green Bay; ally of the Menomini and enemy of the Fox and Sauk people


source_id: ili:i87475
language: en
text:
a member of one of the aboriginal races of India (pushed south by Caucasians and now mixed with them)


source_id: ili:i87503
language: de
text:
eine religiöse Person, die glaubt, dass Jesus der Christus ist, und die Mitglied einer christlichen Konfession ist


source_id: ili:i87510
language: en
text:
a member of the Religious Society of Friends founded by George Fox (the Friends have never called themselves Quakers)


source_id: ili:i87516
language: en
text:
an offensive term for Roman Catholics; originally, a Roman Catholic who was a strong advocate of the papacy


source_id: ili:i87517
language: en
text:
a member of the church formed in the 19th century by German Catholics who refused to accept the infallibility of the Pope


source_id: ili:i87520
language: en
text:
a person belonging to the worldwide group claiming descent from Jacob (or converted to it) and connected by cultural or religious ties


source_id: ili:i87525
language: en
text:
a member of a Muslim dynasty of Berber warriors that flourished from 1049 to 1145 and that established political dominance over northwestern Africa and Spain


source_id: ili:i87527
language: en
text:
a member of the branch of Islam that regards Ali as the legitimate successor to Mohammed and rejects the first three caliphs


source_id: ili:i87528
language: en
text:
a member of the branch of Islam that accepts the first four caliphs as rightful successors to Muhammad


source_id: ili:i87556
language: en
text:
a native or inhabitant of Galatia in Asia Minor (especially a member of a people believed to have been Gauls who conquered Galatia in the 3rd century BC)


source_id: ili:i87557
language: en
text:
a member of the ancient Germanic peoples who spread from the Rhine into the Roman Empire in the 4th century


source_id: ili:i87558
language: de
text:
Angehörige des Stammes der Franken, die sich im 4. Jahrhundert nach Christus in den Niederlanden niederließen


source_id: ili:i87559
language: en
text:
a member of the ancient Germanic people who migrated from Jutland to southern Gaul and were annihilated by the Romans


source_id: ili:i87586
language: en
text:
a member of the Bantu people who inhabit Botswana, Lesotho, and northern South Africa and who speak the Sotho languages


source_id: ili:i87643
language: en
text:
a person of Anglo-Saxon (especially British) descent whose native tongue is English and whose culture is strongly influenced by English culture as in WASP for `White Anglo-Saxon Protestant'


source_id: ili:i87645
language: en
text:
a member of a Germanic people who conquered England and merged with the Saxons and Jutes to become Anglo-Saxons


source_id: ili:i87646
language: en
text:
a member of a Germanic people who conquered England and merged with the Angles and Jutes to become Anglo-Saxons; dominant in England until the Norman Conquest


source_id: ili:i87648
language: en
text:
a member of a Germanic people who conquered England and merged with the Angles and Saxons to become Anglo-Saxons


source_id: ili:i87666
language: en
text:
a member of a pastoral and nomadic people of western Africa; they are traditionally cattle herders of Muslim faith


source_id: ili:i87674
language: en
text:
a member of western Finnish people formerly living in the Baltic province where Saint Petersburg was built


source_id: ili:i87719
language: en
text:
a member of a people inhabiting the northern Malay Peninsula and Malaysia and parts of the western Malay Archipelago


source_id: ili:i87725
language: en
text:
a people living traditionally in mountain villages in southern China and adjacent areas of Vietnam and Laos and Thailand; many have emigrated to the United States


source_id: ili:i87741
language: en
text:
a native or inhabitant of ancient Etruria; the Etruscans influenced the Romans (who had suppressed them by about 200 BC)


source_id: ili:i87745
language: en
text:
a member of an ancient Oscan-speaking people of the central Apennines north of Rome who were conquered and assimilated into the Roman state in 290 BC


source_id: ili:i87750
language: en
text:
an Oscan-speaking member of an ancient people of Campania who clashed repeatedly with the early Romans


source_id: ili:i87760
language: en
text:
a member of a largely pastoral Islamic people who live in Kurdistan; the largest ethnic group without their own state


source_id: ili:i87762
language: en
text:
a member of a Buddhist people inhabiting the area of the Mekong River in Laos and Thailand and speaking the Lao language; related to the Thais


source_id: ili:i87786
language: en
text:
one of the Muslim people of north Africa; of mixed Arab and Berber descent; converted to Islam in the 8th century; conqueror of Spain in the 8th century


source_id: ili:i87793
language: en
text:
a member of the Nepalese force that has been part of the British army for 200 years; known for fierceness in combat


source_id: ili:i87812
language: en
text:
a member of a South American Indian people in Peru who were formerly the ruling class of the Inca empire


source_id: ili:i8782
language: en
text:
being in or of a region of the United States generally including states of the upper Mississippi valley and Great Lakes region lying north of the Ohio River and the southern boundaries of Kansas and Missouri and between the western boundary of Pennsylvania and the eastern boundaries of Montana and Wyoming and Colorado


source_id: ili:i87823
language: en
text:
a member of the chief stock of Russian people living in European Russia; used to distinguish ethnic Russians from other peoples incorporated into Russia


source_id: ili:i87823
language: de
text:
Angehöriger des Hauptstammes der russischen Bevölkerung, der im europäischen Russland lebt; wird verwendet, um ethnische Russen von anderen Völkern zu unterscheiden, die in Russland integriert sind


source_id: ili:i87828
language: en
text:
a member of a Semitic people originally from the Arabian peninsula and surrounding territories who speaks Arabic and who inhabits much of the Middle East and northern Africa


source_id: ili:i87828
language: de
text:
Angehöriger eines semitischen Volkes, das ursprünglich von der arabischen Halbinsel und den umliegenden Gebieten stammt, Arabisch spricht und einen Großteil des Nahen Ostens und Nordafrikas bewohnt


source_id: ili:i87851
language: en
text:
a member of the Himalayan people living in Nepal and Tibet who are famous for their skill as mountaineers


source_id: ili:i87851
language: de
text:
Angehörige des Himalaya-Volkes, die in Nepal und Tibet leben und für ihre Fähigkeiten als Bergsteiger bekannt sind


source_id: ili:i8787
language: en
text:
being in or of a region of the United States including the states of the lower Mississippi valley and east of the Rio Grande


source_id: ili:i87884
language: en
text:
a member of the Tungus speaking people of Mongolian race who are a nomadic people widely spread over eastern Siberia; related to the Manchu


source_id: ili:i87885
language: en
text:
a member of the Manchu speaking people of Mongolian race of Manchuria; related to the Tungus; conquered China in the 17th century


source_id: ili:i87890
language: de
text:
Eingeborener oder Einwohner eines nordamerikanischen, mittelamerikanischen oder südamerikanischen Landes


source_id: ili:i8790
language: en
text:
being of or having to do with the northern United States and those loyal to the Union during the American Civil War


source_id: ili:i8791
language: en
text:
used by Southerners for an inhabitant of a northern state in the United States (especially a Union soldier)


source_id: ili:i87984
language: en
text:
a member of a Slavic people who settled in Serbia and neighboring areas in the 6th and 7th centuries


source_id: ili:i87991
language: en
text:
a member of the tall Negroid people of eastern South Africa; some live in KwaZulu-Natal under the traditional clan system but many now work in the cities


source_id: ili:i88021
language: en
text:
a signer of a 1679 address to Charles II in which those who petitioned for the reconvening of parliament were condemned and abhorred


source_id: ili:i88029
language: en
text:
a person who descends down a nearly vertical face by using a doubled rope that is wrapped around the body and attached to some high point


source_id: ili:i88041
language: en
text:
the person (or institution) who accepts a check or draft and becomes responsible for paying the party named in the draft when it matures


source_id: ili:i88043
language: en
text:
a person who gives assistance or comfort to someone known to be a felon or known to be sought in connection with the commission of a felony


source_id: ili:i88044
language: en
text:
a person who procures or advises or commands the commission of a felony but who is not present at its perpetration


source_id: ili:i88046
language: de
text:
jemand, der dafür bezahlt wird, einen anderen zu begleiten oder zu unterstützen oder mit ihm zusammenzuleben


source_id: ili:i88047
language: en
text:
a person who endorses a promissory note without compensation or benefit but simply as a favor to the borrower


source_id: ili:i88049
language: de
text:
eine Person, die sich mit einer anderen bei der Durchführung eines Plans (insbesondere eines unethischen oder illegalen Plans) zusammentut


source_id: ili:i88052
language: en
text:
someone in charge of a client's account for an advertising agency or brokerage or other service business


source_id: ili:i88052
language: de
text:
jemand, der in einer Werbeagentur, einem Maklerbüro oder einem anderen Dienstleistungsunternehmen für die Kundenbetreuung zuständig ist


source_id: ili:i88054
language: en
text:
a person or institution against whom an action is brought in a court of law; the person being sued or accused


source_id: ili:i88059
language: en
text:
someone who assists a priest or minister in a liturgical service; a cleric ordained in the highest of the minor orders in the Roman Catholic Church but not in the Anglican Church or the Eastern Orthodox Churches


source_id: ili:i88063
language: de
text:
ein Sportler, der Kunststücke vollführt, die Geschicklichkeit, Beweglichkeit und Koordination erfordern


source_id: ili:i88065
language: en
text:
the case officer designated to perform an act during a clandestine operation (especially in a hostile area)


source_id: ili:i88073
language: en
text:
someone who is physiologically dependent on a substance; abrupt deprivation of the substance produces withdrawal symptoms


source_id: ili:i88083
language: en
text:
the party appointed by a probate court to distribute the estate of someone who dies without a will or without naming an executor


source_id: ili:i88098
language: en
text:
a witness whose relationship to the opposing party is such that his or her testimony may be prejudiced against the opposing party


source_id: ili:i88108
language: en
text:
a subordinate or subsidiary associate; a person who is affiliated with another or with an organization


source_id: ili:i88123
language: en
text:
a person who claims that they cannot have true knowledge about the existence of God (but does not deny that God might exist)


source_id: ili:i88126
language: en
text:
a newspaper columnist who answers questions and offers advice on personal problems to people who write in


source_id: ili:i88136
language: en
text:
a person trained by the government in hijacking and terrorist tactics who (for security reasons) is a passenger aboard an airline flight


source_id: ili:i88141
language: en
text:
one who was versed in the practice of alchemy and who sought an elixir of life and a panacea and an alkahest and the philosopher's stone


source_id: ili:i88141
language: de
text:
jemand, der in der Praxis der Alchemie bewandert war und nach einem Lebenselixier und einem Allheilmittel und einem Alkahest und dem Stein der Weisen suchte


source_id: ili:i88147
language: en
text:
the fictional woodcutter who discovered that `open sesame' opened a cave in the Arabian Nights' Entertainment


source_id: ili:i88175
language: en
text:
(Greek mythology) one of a nation of women warriors of Scythia (who burned off the right breast in order to use a bow and arrow more effectively)


source_id: ili:i88183
language: en
text:
an adviser to the court on some matter of law who is not a party to the case; usually someone who wants to influence the outcome of a lawsuit involving matters of wide public interest


source_id: ili:i88186
language: en
text:
one of a group of rabbis (active AD 250-500) who discussed the Mishnaic law in the law schools of Palestine and Mesopotamia where they explained and applied earlier teachings and whose discussions are recorded in the Talmud; they emphasized the study of Torah and the importance of personal action and the fulfillment of the commandments


source_id: ili:i88191
language: en
text:
a cleric in the minor orders of the Eastern Orthodox Church who reads the lessons aloud in the liturgy (analogous to the lector in the Roman Catholic Church)


source_id: ili:i88197
language: en
text:
an analyst who studies the financial statements and financial history of applicants for credit in order to evaluate their creditworthiness


source_id: ili:i88203
language: en
text:
an expert who studies financial data (on credit or securities or sales or financial patterns etc.) and recommends appropriate business actions


source_id: ili:i88248
language: de
text:
(Neues Testament) einer der ursprünglichen 12 Jünger, die von Christus ausgewählt wurden, um sein Evangelium zu verkünden


source_id: ili:i88251
language: en
text:
(Roman Catholic Church) a representative of the Holy See in a country that has no formal diplomatic relations with it


source_id: ili:i88254
language: en
text:
a humorous but derogatory term for an official of a large organization (especially a political organization)


source_id: ili:i88261
language: de
text:
eine Fachkraft, die in Unterwasseranlagen leben und an der wissenschaftlichen Forschung teilnehmen kann


source_id: ili:i88270
language: en
text:
a member of one of a group of Semitic peoples inhabiting Aram and parts of Mesopotamia from the 11th to the 8th century BC


source_id: ili:i88273
language: en
text:
someone who engages in arbitrage (who purchases securities in one market for immediate resale in another in the hope of profiting from the price differential)


source_id: ili:i88301
language: en
text:
a musician who adapts a composition for particular voices or instruments or for another style of performance


source_id: ili:i88301
language: de
text:
ein Musiker, der eine Komposition für bestimmte Stimmen oder Instrumente oder für eine andere Art der Aufführung anpasst


source_id: ili:i88303
language: en
text:
a person who through conceit makes pretentious claims to rights or advantages that he or she is not entitled to or to qualities that he or she does not possess


source_id: ili:i88308
language: en
text:
the director in charge of the artistic features of a theatrical production (costumes and scenery and lighting)


source_id: ili:i88322
language: en
text:
a murderer (especially one who kills a prominent political figure) who kills by a surprise attack and often is hired to do the deed


source_id: ili:i88323
language: en
text:
a member of a secret order of Muslims (founded in the 12th century) who terrorized and killed Christian Crusaders


source_id: ili:i88331
language: en
text:
(law) the party to whom something is assigned (e.g., someone to whom a right or property is legally transferred)


source_id: ili:i88331
language: de
text:
(Recht) die Partei, an die etwas abgetreten wird (z. B. jemand, auf den ein Recht oder Eigentum rechtlich übertragen wird)


source_id: ili:i88333
language: de
text:
eine Person, die dazu beiträgt, ein Bedürfnis zu befriedigen oder eine Anstrengung oder einen Zweck zu fördern


source_id: ili:i88337
language: de
text:
ein Lehrer, der im Rang niedriger als ein ordentlicher Professor, aber höher als ein Assistenzprofessor ist


source_id: ili:i88354
language: en
text:
a qualified accountant who inspects the accounting records and practices of a business or other organization


source_id: ili:i88377
language: en
text:
a high-ranking Shiite religious leader who is regarded as an authority on religious law and its interpretation and who has political power as well


source_id: ili:i88377
language: de
text:
ein hochrangiger schiitischer Religionsführer, der als Autorität für religiöse Gesetze und deren Auslegung gilt und auch politische Macht hat


source_id: ili:i88388
language: en
text:
a person who looks after babies (usually in the person's own home) while the babys' parents are working


source_id: ili:i88415
language: de
text:
ein Beamter des Gerichts, der mit der Vollstreckung von Schriftstücken und Prozessen sowie mit Festnahmen usw. beauftragt ist.


source_id: ili:i88436
language: en
text:
the bullfighter who implants decorated darts (banderillas) into the neck or shoulders of the bull during a bull fight


source_id: ili:i88439
language: en
text:
the horseman who pricks the bull with a lance early in the bullfight to goad the bull and to make it keep its head low


source_id: ili:i88462
language: en
text:
someone who stands in front of a show (as at a carnival) and gives a loud colorful sales talk to potential customers


source_id: ili:i88472
language: en
text:
a British or Canadian lawyer who speaks in the higher courts of law on behalf of either the defense or prosecution


source_id: ili:i88502
language: en
text:
an investor with a pessimistic market outlook; an investor who expects prices to fall and so sells now in order to buy later at a lower price


source_id: ili:i88503
language: en
text:
a person who diverts suspicion from someone (especially a woman who accompanies a male homosexual in order to conceal his homosexuality)


source_id: ili:i88540
language: en
text:
one of the ancient Norse warriors legendary for working themselves into a frenzy before a battle and fighting with reckless savagery and insane fury


source_id: ili:i88540
language: de
text:
einer der altnordischen Krieger, die legendär dafür sind, sich vor einer Schlacht in einen Rausch zu versetzen und mit rücksichtsloser Wildheit und wahnsinnigem Zorn zu kämpfen


source_id: ili:i88579
language: en
text:
a senior member of the Christian clergy having spiritual and administrative authority; appointed in Christian churches to oversee priests or ministers; considered in some churches to be successors of the twelve Apostles of Christ


source_id: ili:i88581
language: en
text:
an English recruit (who wore a uniform that was black and tan) serving in the Irish constabulary to suppress the Sinn Fein rebellion of 1919 to 1921


source_id: ili:i88583
language: en
text:
a criminal who extorts money from someone by threatening to expose embarrassing information about them


source_id: ili:i88599
language: en
text:
a male sworn (usually by a ceremony involving the mingling of blood) to treat another as his brother


source_id: ili:i88622
language: en
text:
a Russian member of the left-wing majority group that followed Lenin and eventually became the Russian communist party


source_id: ili:i88623
language: en
text:
the member of a bomber crew responsible for using the bombsight and releasing the bombs on the target


source_id: ili:i88669
language: en
text:
a member of a nationalistic Chinese secret society that led an unsuccessful rebellion in 1900 against foreign interests in China


source_id: ili:i88679
language: en
text:
a Mexican laborer who worked in the United States on farms and railroads in order to ease labor shortages during World War II


source_id: ili:i88699
language: en
text:
an operative who acts as a courier or go-between from a case officer to a secret agent in a hostile area


source_id: ili:i88723
language: en
text:
an investor with an optimistic market outlook; an investor who expects prices to rise and so buys now for resale later


source_id: ili:i88748
language: en
text:
a person who entertains people for money in public places (as by singing or dancing), usually while asking for money


source_id: ili:i88779
language: en
text:
the civil and religious leader of a Muslim state considered to be a representative of Allah on earth


source_id: ili:i88797
language: de
text:
Angehörige eines alten semitischen Volkes, das Kanaan bewohnte, bevor es von den Israeliten erobert wurde


source_id: ili:i88807
language: en
text:
the official of a synagogue who conducts the liturgical part of the service and sings or chants the prayers intended to be performed as solos


source_id: ili:i88823
language: en
text:
(Roman Catholic Church) one of a group of more than 100 prominent bishops in the Sacred College who advise the Pope and elect new Popes


source_id: ili:i88828
language: en
text:
a professional who is intent on furthering his or her career by any possible means and often at the expense of their own integrity


source_id: ili:i88841
language: en
text:
a knight who spends his time in luxury and idleness (knighted on the carpet at court rather than on the field of battle)


source_id: ili:i88842
language: en
text:
(medicine) a person (or animal) who has some pathogen to which he is immune but who can pass it on to others


source_id: ili:i8885
language: en
text:
(of facilities such as telephones or lavatories) unavailable for use by anyone else or indicating unavailability; (`engaged' is a British term for a busy telephone line)


source_id: ili:i88858
language: de
text:
jemand, der bei einer militärischen Auseinandersetzung verletzt oder getötet wird oder in Gefangenschaft gerät oder vermisst wird


source_id: ili:i88866
language: it
text:
persona che si presenti come occasione di matrimonio (soprattutto in rapporto alla situazione economica e sociale)


source_id: ili:i88884
language: en
text:
a person who is authorized to read publications or correspondence or to watch theatrical performances and suppress in whole or in part anything considered obscene or politically unacceptable


source_id: ili:i88888
language: en
text:
(football) the person who plays center on the line of scrimmage and snaps the ball to the quarterback


source_id: ili:i88893
language: en
text:
an accountant who has passed certain examinations and met all other statutory and licensing requirements of a United States state to be certified by that state


source_id: ili:i88900
language: de
text:
ein Dienstmädchen, das für die Reinigung und Pflege der Zimmer zuständig ist (heute vor allem in Hotels)


source_id: ili:i88921
language: en
text:
a witness who testifies under oath as to the good reputation of another person in the community where that person lives


source_id: ili:i88930
language: en
text:
a stock market analyst who tries to predict market trends from graphs of recent prices of securities


source_id: ili:i88931
language: en
text:
a 19th century English reformer who advocated better social and economic conditions for working people


source_id: ili:i88958
language: en
text:
the corporate executive responsible for the operations of the firm; reports to a board of directors; may appoint other managers (including a president)


source_id: ili:i88959
language: en
text:
the corporate executive having financial authority to make appropriations and authorize expenditures for a firm


source_id: ili:i88985
language: en
text:
(Christianity) any of about 70 theologians in the period from the 2nd to the 7th century whose writing established and confirmed official church doctrine; in the Roman Catholic Church some were later declared saints and became Doctor of the Church; the best known Latin Church Fathers are Ambrose, Augustine, Gregory the Great, and Jerome; those who wrote in Greek include Athanasius, Basil, Gregory Nazianzen, and John Chrysostom


source_id: ili:i88989
language: it
text:
persona che, per mestiere o occasionalmente, accompagna i turisti nella visita di una città, di un museo ecc., illustrandone la genesi artistica e storica


source_id: ili:i89001
language: en
text:
an engineer trained to design and construct and maintain public works (roads or bridges or harbors etc.)


source_id: ili:i89004
language: en
text:
a leader of the political movement dedicated to securing equal opportunity for members of minority groups


source_id: ili:i89023
language: en
text:
a member of the Anasazi people living in the southwestern United States who built rock or adobe dwellings on ledges in the sides of caves


source_id: ili:i89054
language: de
text:
ein Beklagter, der zusammen mit einem oder mehreren anderen Beklagten in einer einzigen Klage verklagt wird


source_id: ili:i89055
language: en
text:
a secret agent who was one of the Navajos who devised and used a code based on their native language; the code was unbroken by the Japanese during World War II


source_id: ili:i89078
language: en
text:
a commissioned military officer in the United States Army or Air Force or Marines who ranks above a lieutenant colonel and below a brigadier general


source_id: ili:i89078
language: de
text:
ein beauftragter Offizier des Heeres, der Luftwaffe oder der Marineinfanterie der Vereinigten Staaten, der den Rang eines Oberstleutnants und den eines Brigadegenerals innehat


source_id: ili:i89079
language: en
text:
any elderly pompous reactionary ultranationalistic person (after the cartoon character created by Sir David Low)


source_id: ili:i89121
language: en
text:
a commissioned naval officer who ranks above a captain and below a rear admiral; the lowest grade of admiral


source_id: ili:i89136
language: en
text:
a United States federal official who supervises expenditures and settles claims against the government


source_id: ili:i89139
language: en
text:
someone trained in computer science and linguistics who uses computers for natural language processing


source_id: ili:i89147
language: en
text:
a French caretaker of apartments or a hotel; lives on the premises and oversees people entering and leaving and handles mail and acts as janitor or porter


source_id: ili:i89173
language: en
text:
(usually plural) a person who is influential and to whom you are connected in some way (as by family or friendship)


source_id: ili:i89184
language: de
text:
Wirtschaftssubjekt, das dem anderen Vertragspartner einen Auftrag für die Besorgung eines Geschäfts überträgt.


source_id: ili:i89193
language: en
text:
a diplomat appointed by a government to protect its commercial interests and help its citizens in a foreign country


source_id: ili:i89201
language: en
text:
the bridge player in contract bridge who wins the bidding and can declare which suit is to be trumps


source_id: ili:i89201
language: de
text:
der Bridgespieler beim Kontrakt-Bridge, der das Bieten gewinnt und erklären kann, welche Farbe Trumpf sein soll


source_id: ili:i89203
language: de
text:
Ein Autor, dessen Arbeit in einer Zeitung oder Zeitschrift oder als Teil eines Buches veröffentlicht wird


source_id: ili:i89209
language: en
text:
(medieval Spain and Portugal) a Jew or Moor who professed to convert to Christianity in order to avoid persecution or expulsion


source_id: ili:i89233
language: de
text:
ein öffentlicher Beamter, der jeden Tod, der nicht auf natürliche Ursachen zurückzuführen ist, durch eine Untersuchung feststellt


source_id: ili:i89244
language: en
text:
a member of a Slavic people living in southern European Russia and Ukraine and adjacent parts of Asia and noted for their horsemanship and military skill; they formed an elite cavalry corps in czarist Russia


source_id: ili:i89272
language: en
text:
an advisor employed by the government to assist people in rural areas with methods of farming and home economics


source_id: ili:i89274
language: en
text:
a huntsman who hunts small animals with fast dogs that use sight rather than scent to follow their prey


source_id: ili:i89283
language: en
text:
local names for a cowboy (`vaquero' is used especially in southwestern and central Texas and `buckaroo' is used especially in California)


source_id: ili:i89287
language: en
text:
a forest fire fighter who is sent to battle remote and severe forest fires (often for days at a time)


source_id: ili:i89302
language: en
text:
a person who is controlled by others and is used to perform unpleasant or dishonest tasks for someone else


source_id: ili:i89302
language: de
text:
eine Person, die von anderen kontrolliert wird und dazu benutzt wird, unangenehme oder unehrliche Aufgaben für jemand anderen auszuführen


source_id: ili:i89309
language: de
text:
jemand, der ein Verbrechen begangen hat oder wegen eines Verbrechens rechtskräftig verurteilt worden ist


source_id: ili:i89320
language: en
text:
a member of the House of Commons who does not vote regularly with either the government or the Opposition


source_id: ili:i89323
language: en
text:
a voter who is registered as a member of one political party but who votes in the primary of another party


source_id: ili:i89337
language: en
text:
a member of an unorthodox cult who generally lives outside of conventional society under the direction of a charismatic leader


source_id: ili:i89340
language: en
text:
the attendant (usually an officer of a nobleman's household) whose duty is to fill and serve cups of wine


source_id: ili:i89349
language: de
text:
Person, Gruppe oder Institution, die das von einem anderen Gelieferte oder Produzierte gegen eine Gegenleistung annimmt


source_id: ili:i89357
language: en
text:
a writer of science fiction set in a lawless subculture of an oppressive society dominated by computer technology


source_id: ili:i89362
language: en
text:
a member of a group of ancient Greek philosophers who advocated the doctrine that virtue is the only good and that the essence of virtue is self-control


source_id: ili:i8938
language: en
text:
given formal standing or endorsement; made official or legitimate by the observance of proper procedures


source_id: ili:i89429
language: de
text:
eine Person, die einem Gläubiger etwas schuldet; jemand, der die Verpflichtung hat, eine Schuld zu begleichen


source_id: ili:i89456
language: de
text:
Wissenschaftler, der sich mit dem Wachstum und der Dichte von Bevölkerungen und deren Vitalstatistiken befasst


source_id: ili:i89481
language: en
text:
an ascetic Muslim monk; a member of an order noted for devotional exercises involving bodily movements


source_id: ili:i89486
language: en
text:
the member of a party who is designated to refrain from alcohol and so is sober when it is time to drive home


source_id: ili:i89500
language: en
text:
someone who develops real estate (especially someone who prepares a site for residential or commercial use)


source_id: ili:i89527
language: en
text:
medical specialist whose competence has been certified by a diploma granted by an appropriate professional group


source_id: ili:i89531
language: en
text:
the head of the United States Intelligence Community and director of the Central Intelligence Agency


source_id: ili:i89538
language: en
text:
employee of a transportation company who controls the departures of vehicles according to weather conditions and in the interest of efficient service


source_id: ili:i89543
language: en
text:
a troubler who interrupts or interferes with peace and quiet; someone who causes disorder and commotion


source_id: ili:i89543
language: de
text:
ein Unruhestifter, der Ruhe und Frieden unterbricht oder stört; jemand, der Unordnung und Aufruhr verursacht


source_id: ili:i89560
language: de
text:
Heilkundiger, der ein Medizinstudium abgeschlossen hat und nach Erlangung der medizinischen Approbation körperliche und seelische Krankheiten behandelt


source_id: ili:i89561
language: it
text:
una persona che ha frequentato un corso accademico dopo la laurea e ha discusso una tesi di dottorato


source_id: ili:i89562
language: en
text:
(Roman Catholic Church) a title conferred on 33 saints who distinguished themselves through the orthodoxy of their theological teaching


source_id: ili:i89584
language: it
text:
titolo di riguardo che si antepone al nome delle nobildonne o delle mogli di alte personalità dello stato


source_id: ili:i89590
language: en
text:
the lowest of the minor Holy Orders in the unreformed Western Church but now suppressed by the Roman Catholic Church


source_id: ili:i89597
language: en
text:
someone who demands physical evidence in order to be convinced (especially when this demand is out of place)


source_id: ili:i89607
language: en
text:
an interpreter and guide in the Near East; in the Ottoman Empire in the 18th and 19th centuries a translator of European languages for the Turkish and Arab authorities and most dragomans were Greek (many reached high positions in the government)


source_id: ili:i89645
language: en
text:
an adherent of an esoteric monotheistic religious sect living in the relative security of the mountains of Syria and Lebanon who believes that Al-hakim was an incarnation of God


source_id: ili:i89689
language: en
text:
a person responsible for the editorial aspects of publication; the person who determines the final content of a text (especially of a newspaper or magazine)


source_id: ili:i89689
language: de
text:
eine Person, die für die redaktionellen Aspekte einer Veröffentlichung verantwortlich ist; die Person, die den endgültigen Inhalt eines Textes festlegt (insbesondere bei einer Zeitung oder Zeitschrift)


source_id: ili:i89732
language: en
text:
(French) a person who exercises power or influence in certain areas without holding an official position


source_id: ili:i89754
language: en
text:
a man at one end of line of performers in a minstrel show; carries on humorous dialogue with the interlocutor


source_id: ili:i89755
language: en
text:
physician who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of conditions affecting the endocrine system


source_id: ili:i89757
language: en
text:
a person who transfers his ownership interest in something by signing a check or negotiable security


source_id: ili:i8978
language: de
text:
lange Zeit in einer bestimmten Rolle oder in einem bestimmten Zustand existierend oder fortbestehend


source_id: ili:i89783
language: de
text:
eine Person, die sich dem raffinierten sinnlichen Genuss (insbesondere gutem Essen und Trinken) verschrieben hat


source_id: ili:i89798
language: en
text:
a member of a people inhabiting the Arctic (northern Canada or Greenland or Alaska or eastern Siberia); the Algonquians called them Eskimo (`eaters of raw flesh') but they call themselves the Inuit (`the people')


source_id: ili:i89800
language: en
text:
a title of respect for a member of the English gentry ranking just below a knight; placed after the name


source_id: ili:i89808
language: en
text:
the ruler of a province (as in the Roman Empire and Byzantine Empire) or certain religious rulers with secular authority


source_id: ili:i89820
language: en
text:
(when capitalized) any of the spiritual leaders who are assumed to be authors of the Gospels in the New Testament: Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John


source_id: ili:i8983
language: en
text:
not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered


source_id: ili:i89830
language: en
text:
a title used to address dignitaries (such as ambassadors or governors); usually preceded by `Your' or `His' or `Her'


source_id: ili:i89846
language: en
text:
a philosopher who emphasizes freedom of choice and personal responsibility but who regards human existence in a hostile universe as unexplainable


source_id: ili:i89849
language: en
text:
one of the minor orders in the unreformed Western Church but now suppressed in the Roman Catholic Church


source_id: ili:i89850
language: en
text:
a witness who has knowledge not normally possessed by the average person concerning the topic that he is to testify about


source_id: ili:i89858
language: en
text:
someone who exterminates (especially someone whose occupation is the extermination of troublesome rodents and insects)


source_id: ili:i89858
language: de
text:
jemand, der ausrottet (insbesondere jemand, dessen Beruf die Ausrottung von lästigen Nagetieren und Insekten ist)


source_id: ili:i89859
language: de
text:
ein nicht ansässiger Arzt oder Medizinstudent, der mit einem Krankenhaus verbunden ist, aber nicht dort wohnt


source_id: ili:i89877
language: en
text:
a person attached to the household of a high official (as a pope or bishop) who renders service in return for support


source_id: ili:i89902
language: en
text:
`Father' is a term of address for priests in some churches (especially the Roman Catholic Church or the Orthodox Catholic Church); `Padre' is frequently used in the military


source_id: ili:i89905
language: en
text:
a man (often a powerful or influential man) who arouses emotions usually felt for your real father and with whom you identify psychologically


source_id: ili:i89915
language: en
text:
a member of a former political party in the United States that favored a strong centralized federal government


source_id: ili:i89939
language: de
text:
ein Mitglied einer geheimen subversiven Organisation, das versucht, einem potenziellen Angreifer zu helfen


source_id: ili:i89943
language: en
text:
a legislator who gives long speeches in an effort to delay or obstruct legislation that he (or she) opposes


source_id: ili:i89943
language: de
text:
ein Abgeordneter, der lange Reden hält, um eine Gesetzgebung zu verzögern oder zu behindern, die er (oder sie) ablehnt


source_id: ili:i89964
language: en
text:
(during World War II in Britain) someone whose duty was to watch for fires caused by bombs dropped from the air


source_id: ili:i89969
language: en
text:
a commissioned officer in the Army or Air Force or Marines ranking above a 2nd lieutenant and below a captain


source_id: ili:i89977
language: en
text:
someone who intervenes with authorities for a person in trouble (usually using underhand or illegal methods for a fee)


source_id: ili:i90037
language: en
text:
a journalist who sends news reports and commentary from a foreign country for publication or broadcast


source_id: ili:i90053
language: en
text:
the person who plays the position of forward in certain games, such as basketball, soccer, or hockey


source_id: ili:i90060
language: en
text:
a person who acts as parent and guardian for a child in place of the child's natural parents but without legally adopting the child


source_id: ili:i90060
language: de
text:
eine Person, die als Elternteil und Vormund für ein Kind anstelle der leiblichen Eltern handelt, ohne das Kind rechtlich zu adoptieren


source_id: ili:i90061
language: en
text:
your foster sister is a female who is not a daughter of your parents but who is raised by your parents


source_id: ili:i9008
language: en
text:
honorably retired from assigned duties and retaining your title along with the additional title `emeritus' as in `professor emeritus'


source_id: ili:i90083
language: en
text:
one of an interracial group of civil rights activists who rode buses through parts of the South in order to protest racial segregation


source_id: ili:i90085
language: en
text:
a writer or artist who sells services to different employers without a long-term contract with any of them


source_id: ili:i90085
language: de
text:
ein Schriftsteller oder Künstler, der Dienstleistungen an verschiedene Arbeitgeber verkauft, ohne mit einem von ihnen einen langfristigen Vertrag zu haben


source_id: ili:i90086
language: en
text:
someone who gratifies physical appetites (especially for food and drink) with more than the usual freedom


source_id: ili:i90089
language: de
text:
Mitglied eines weit verbreiteten geheimen brüderlichen Ordens, der sich der gegenseitigen Hilfe und der brüderlichen Liebe verschrieben hat


source_id: ili:i90101
language: en
text:
a member of the House of Commons who is a minister in the government or who holds an official position in an opposition party


source_id: ili:i90125
language: en
text:
a theologian who believes that the Scripture prophecies of the Apocalypse (the Book of Revelation) will be fulfilled in the future


source_id: ili:i9017
language: de
text:
(von Lebewesen, insbesondere von Menschen) in einer frühen Lebens-, Entwicklungs- oder Wachstumsphase


source_id: ili:i90213
language: en
text:
a member of the moderate republican party that was in power during the French Revolution; the Girondists were overthrown by their more radical rivals the Jacobins


source_id: ili:i90217
language: en
text:
(ancient Rome) a professional combatant or a captive who entertained the public by engaging in mortal combat


source_id: ili:i90249
language: en
text:
a woman who associates with or marries a rich man in order to get valuables from him through gifts or a divorce settlement


source_id: ili:i90252
language: de
text:
(jüdische Folklore) ein künstlich geschaffenes menschliches Wesen, das durch übernatürliche Mittel zum Leben erweckt wird


source_id: ili:i90256
language: en
text:
a wandering scholar in medieval Europe; famed for intemperance and riotous behavior and the composition of satirical and ribald Latin songs


source_id: ili:i90262
language: en
text:
a white male Southerner with an unpretentious convivial manner and conservative or intolerant attitudes and a strong sense of fellowship with and loyalty to other members of his peer group


source_id: ili:i90271
language: de
text:
eine Frau, die mit der Pflege und Beaufsichtigung eines Kindes betraut ist (insbesondere in einem Privathaushalt)


source_id: ili:i90276
language: en
text:
someone who has completed the course of study (including hospital practice) at a nurses training school


source_id: ili:i90337
language: en
text:
a commissioned officer (especially one in the Royal Air Force) equivalent in rank to a colonel in the army


source_id: ili:i90372
language: en
text:
a member of a people with dark skin and hair who speak Romany and who traditionally live by seasonal work and fortunetelling; they are believed to have originated in northern India but now are living on all continents (but mostly in Europe, North Africa, and North America)


source_id: ili:i90372
language: de
text:
Angehörige eines Volkes mit dunkler Haut und dunklem Haar, die Romani sprechen und traditionell von Saisonarbeit und Wahrsagerei leben; es wird angenommen, dass sie ursprünglich aus Nordindien stammen, heute aber auf allen Kontinenten leben (vor allem aber in Europa, Nordafrika und Nordamerika)


source_id: ili:i90375
language: en
text:
a programmer for whom computing is its own reward; may enjoy the challenge of breaking into other computers but does no harm


source_id: ili:i90375
language: de
text:
ein Programmierer, für den die Arbeit mit Computern die eigentliche Belohnung ist; er mag die Herausforderung genießen, in andere Computer einzubrechen, richtet aber keinen Schaden an


source_id: ili:i90377
language: en
text:
a programmer who breaks into computer systems in order to steal or change or destroy information as a form of cyber-terrorism


source_id: ili:i90387
language: en
text:
a member of a people of southeastern China (especially Hong Kong, Canton, and Taiwan) who migrated from the north in the 12th century


source_id: ili:i90392
language: en
text:
an offensive term for an offspring of parents of different races (especially of Caucasian and American Indian ancestry)


source_id: ili:i90397
language: en
text:
(Old Testament) the minister of the Persian emperor who hated the Jews and was hanged for plotting to massacre them


source_id: ili:i90400
language: en
text:
a person who has some condition that markedly restricts their ability to function physically or mentally or socially


source_id: ili:i90400
language: de
text:
eine Person, die aufgrund eines bestimmten Zustands in ihren körperlichen, geistigen oder sozialen Fähigkeiten erheblich eingeschränkt ist


source_id: ili:i90448
language: en
text:
an official appointed by a government agency to conduct an investigation or administrative hearing so that the agency can exercise its statutory powers


source_id: ili:i90462
language: en
text:
someone who counterbalances one transaction (as a bet) against another in order to protect against loss


source_id: ili:i90478
language: en
text:
employee hired for domestic or farm work (often used in the singular to refer to several employees collectively)


source_id: ili:i90487
language: de
text:
eine Person, die religiöse Überzeugungen vertritt, die dem Dogma der römisch-katholischen Kirche widersprechen


source_id: ili:i90489
language: en
text:
one having both male and female sexual characteristics and organs; at birth an unambiguous assignment of male or female cannot be made


source_id: ili:i90489
language: de
text:
jemand, der sowohl männliche als auch weibliche Geschlechtsmerkmale und -organe hat; bei der Geburt kann keine eindeutige Zuordnung zu männlich oder weiblich vorgenommen werden


source_id: ili:i90494
language: en
text:
(classical mythology) a being of great strength and courage celebrated for bold exploits; often the offspring of a mortal and a god


source_id: ili:i90513
language: en
text:
someone who uses force to take over a vehicle (especially an airplane) in order to reach an alternative destination


source_id: ili:i90517
language: de
text:
jemand, der die etablierte Kultur ablehnt; vertritt einen extremen Liberalismus in Politik und Lebensstil


source_id: ili:i90521
language: de
text:
eine Person, die eine Autorität auf dem Gebiet der Geschichte ist und diese studiert und darüber schreibt


source_id: ili:i90534
language: en
text:
the person who is in possession of a check or note or bond or document of title that is endorsed to him or to whoever holds it


source_id: ili:i90546
language: en
text:
a person hired to help in another's home (especially one employed by a local authority to help the infirm with domestic work)


source_id: ili:i90546
language: de
text:
eine Person, die als Haushaltshilfe angestellt ist (insbesondere eine Person, die von einer lokalen Behörde angestellt ist, um gebrechlichen Menschen bei der Hausarbeit zu helfen)


source_id: ili:i90553
language: en
text:
a tiny fully formed individual that (according to the discredited theory of preformation) is supposed to be present in the sperm cell


source_id: ili:i90554
language: en
text:
a wife who has married a man with whom she has been living for some time (especially if she is pregnant at the time)


source_id: ili:i90561
language: en
text:
(rugby) the player in the middle of the front row of the scrum who tries to capture the ball with the foot


source_id: ili:i90574
language: en
text:
an expert in the science of cultivating plants (fruit or flowers or vegetables or ornamental plants)


source_id: ili:i90580
language: en
text:
a person who invites guests to a social event (such as a party in his or her own home) and who is responsible for them while they are there


source_id: ili:i90580
language: de
text:
eine Person, die Gäste zu einem gesellschaftlichen Ereignis einlädt (z. B. zu einer Party in ihrem eigenen Haus) und für sie verantwortlich ist, solange sie sich dort aufhalten


source_id: ili:i90583
language: de
text:
ein Gefangener, der von einer Partei festgehalten wird, um sicherzustellen, dass eine andere Partei bestimmte Bedingungen erfüllt


source_id: ili:i90597
language: en
text:
a physician (especially an intern) who lives in a hospital and cares for hospitalized patients under the supervision of the medical staff of the hospital


source_id: ili:i90597
language: de
text:
ein Arzt (insbesondere ein Assistenzarzt), der in einem Krankenhaus wohnt und stationäre Patienten unter der Aufsicht des medizinischen Personals des Krankenhauses betreut


source_id: ili:i90598
language: en
text:
a custodian who lives in and cares for a house while the regular occupant is away (usually without an exchange of money)


source_id: ili:i90611
language: en
text:
an advocate of the principles of humanism; someone concerned with the interests and welfare of humans


source_id: ili:i90638
language: en
text:
a person who professes beliefs and opinions that he or she does not hold in order to conceal his or her real feelings or motives


source_id: ili:i90652
language: en
text:
person who is mentally retarded in general but who displays remarkable aptitude in some limited field (usually involving memory)


source_id: ili:i90660
language: en
text:
(Islam) the man who leads prayers in a mosque; for Shiites an imam is a recognized authority on Islamic theology and law and a spiritual guide


source_id: ili:i90660
language: de
text:
(Islam) der Mann, der die Gebete in einer Moschee leitet; für Schiiten ist ein Imam eine anerkannte Autorität auf dem Gebiet der islamischen Theologie und des Rechts sowie ein geistlicher Führer


source_id: ili:i90681
language: en
text:
a representative of the federal government to American Indian tribes (especially on Indian reservations)


source_id: ili:i90710
language: en
text:
an officer of a corporation or others who have access to private information about the corporation's operations


source_id: ili:i90710
language: de
text:
ein leitender Angestellter eines Unternehmens oder eine andere Person, die Zugang zu privaten Informationen über die Geschäftstätigkeit des Unternehmens hat


source_id: ili:i90719
language: en
text:
a person whose interests are protected by an insurance policy; a person who contracts for an insurance policy that indemnifies him against loss of property or life or health etc.


source_id: ili:i90720
language: en
text:
a person who takes part in an armed rebellion against the constituted authority (especially in the hope of improving conditions)


source_id: ili:i90720
language: de
text:
eine Person, die sich an einer bewaffneten Rebellion gegen die Staatsgewalt beteiligt (insbesondere in der Hoffnung auf eine Verbesserung der Bedingungen)


source_id: ili:i90725
language: en
text:
an advanced student or graduate in medicine gaining supervised practical experience (`houseman' is a British term)


source_id: ili:i90726
language: en
text:
an auditor who is an employee of the company whose records are audited and who provides information to the management and board of directors


source_id: ili:i90738
language: en
text:
(psychology) a person who tends to shrink from social contacts and to become preoccupied with their own thoughts


source_id: ili:i90763
language: en
text:
(Old Testament) son of Isaac; brother of Esau; father of the twelve patriarchs of Israel; Jacob wrestled with God and forced God to bless him, so God gave Jacob the new name of Israel (meaning `one who has been strong against God')


source_id: ili:i90774
language: en
text:
a member of an Indo-European people widely scattered throughout the northwest of the Indian subcontinent and consisting of Muslims and Hindus and Sikhs


source_id: ili:i90783
language: de
text:
ein professioneller Clown, der im Mittelalter zur Unterhaltung eines Königs oder Adligen eingesetzt wurde


source_id: ili:i90791
language: en
text:
someone who buys large quantities of goods and resells to merchants rather than to the ultimate customers


source_id: ili:i90791
language: de
text:
jemand, der große Mengen von Waren kauft und sie an Händler weiterverkauft, anstatt sie an die Endkunden zu verkaufen


source_id: ili:i90812
language: en
text:
Jewish heroine in one of the books of the Apocrypha; she saved her people by decapitating the Assyrian general Holofernes


source_id: ili:i90833
language: de
text:
der Titel der Heiligen Römischen Kaiser oder der Kaiser von Österreich oder von Deutschland bis 1918


source_id: ili:i9086
language: en
text:
designating or relating to a compound in which one component is physically enclosed within the crystal structure of another


source_id: ili:i90874
language: en
text:
originally a person of noble birth trained to arms and chivalry; today in Great Britain a person honored by the sovereign for personal merit


source_id: ili:i90874
language: de
text:
ursprünglich eine Person von adliger Geburt, die zu Waffen und Rittertum ausgebildet wurde; heute in Großbritannien eine Person, die vom Herrscher für persönliche Verdienste geehrt wird


source_id: ili:i90879
language: en
text:
a knight of a religious military order established in 1118 to protect pilgrims and the Holy Sepulcher


source_id: ili:i90879
language: de
text:
ein Ritter eines religiösen Militärordens, der 1118 zum Schutz der Pilger und des Heiligen Grabes gegründet wurde


source_id: ili:i90891
language: en
text:
an assistant (often the father of the soon-to-be-born child) who provides support for a woman in labor by encouraging her to use techniques learned in childbirth-preparation classes


source_id: ili:i90911
language: en
text:
a cartoonist who draws parodies or satirical renditions of cultural or social or political situations


source_id: ili:i90932
language: en
text:
a school-age child who is home without adult supervision for part of the day (especially after school until a parent returns home from work)


source_id: ili:i90950
language: en
text:
a layman who is authorized by the bishop to read parts of the service in an Anglican or Episcopal church


source_id: ili:i90953
language: en
text:
the person who Jesus raised from the dead after four days in the tomb; this miracle caused the enemies of Jesus to begin the plan to put him to death


source_id: ili:i90961
language: en
text:
someone who reads the lessons in a church service; someone ordained in a minor order of the Roman Catholic Church


source_id: ili:i90966
language: de
text:
ein persönlicher Vertreter mit rechtlicher Befugnis (z. B. aufgrund einer Vollmacht oder als Testamentsvollstrecker)


source_id: ili:i90983
language: en
text:
a member of the Hebrew tribe of Levi (especially the branch that provided male assistants to the temple priests)


source_id: ili:i90986
language: en
text:
a person who favors a political philosophy of progress and reform and the protection of civil liberties


source_id: ili:i90996
language: en
text:
an official who can issue a license or give authoritative permission (especially one who licenses publications)


source_id: ili:i91003
language: en
text:
an officer holding a commissioned rank in the United States Navy or the United States Coast Guard; below lieutenant commander and above lieutenant junior grade


source_id: ili:i91004
language: en
text:
a commissioned officer in the United States Army or Air Force or Marines holding a rank above major and below colonel


source_id: ili:i91004
language: de
text:
ein bevollmächtigter Offizier des Heeres, der Luftwaffe oder der Marineinfanterie der Vereinigten Staaten, der einen Rang über dem Major und unter dem Oberst hat


source_id: ili:i91008
language: en
text:
an officer holding a commissioned rank in the United States Navy or United States Coast Guard; below lieutenant and above ensign


source_id: ili:i91013
language: en
text:
a tenant whose legal right to retain possession of buildings or lands lasts as long as they (or some other person) live


source_id: ili:i91021
language: en
text:
someone who is a frequent target of negative reactions and serves to distract attention from another


source_id: ili:i91030
language: de
text:
Fußballfunktionär, der den Schiedsrichter unterstützt, indem er während des Spiels die offizielle Spielzeit überwacht


source_id: ili:i91035
language: en
text:
official (in tennis, soccer, football, etc.) who assists the referee in some way (especially by watching for out of bounds or offside)


source_id: ili:i91044
language: en
text:
(law) a person (usually appointed by a court of law) who liquidates assets or preserves them for the benefit of affected parties


source_id: ili:i91044
language: de
text:
(Recht) eine (in der Regel von einem Gericht bestellte) Person, die Vermögenswerte liquidiert oder zugunsten der Betroffenen aufbewahrt


source_id: ili:i91064
language: en
text:
someone who is employed to persuade legislators to vote for legislation that favors the lobbyist's employer


source_id: ili:i91064
language: de
text:
jemand, der angestellt ist, um Gesetzgeber davon zu überzeugen, für Gesetze zu stimmen, die den Arbeitgeber des Lobbyisten begünstigen


source_id: ili:i91069
language: en
text:
someone (physician or clergyman) who substitutes temporarily for another member of the same profession


source_id: ili:i91085
language: en
text:
the highest officer of the Crown who is head of the judiciary and who presides in the House of Lords


source_id: ili:i91085
language: de
text:
der höchste Beamte der Krone, der an der Spitze der Justiz steht und den Vorsitz im Oberhaus innehat


source_id: ili:i91095
language: en
text:
(Old Testament) nephew of Abraham; God destroyed Sodom and Gomorrah but chose to spare Lot and his family who were told to flee without looking back at the destruction


source_id: ili:i91096
language: en
text:
(Old Testament) when God destroyed Sodom and Gomorrah, Lot and his family were told to flee without looking back; Lot's wife was disobedient and was immediately changed into a pillar of salt


source_id: ili:i91106
language: en
text:
one of the 19th century English workmen who destroyed laborsaving machinery that they thought would cause unemployment


source_id: ili:i91127
language: it
text:
si usa come oggetto di identificazione o termine di confronto per una persona che lavora molto, senza stancarsi mai


source_id: ili:i91128
language: en
text:
a politician who belongs to a small clique that controls a political party for private rather than public ends


source_id: ili:i91144
language: en
text:
a lay judge or civil authority who administers the law (especially one who conducts a court dealing with minor offenses)


source_id: ili:i91152
language: en
text:
(Islam) a messianic leader who (according to popular Muslim belief) will appear before the end of the world and restore justice and religion


source_id: ili:i91160
language: en
text:
a commissioned military officer in the United States Army or Air Force or Marines; below lieutenant colonel and above captain


source_id: ili:i91183
language: en
text:
a male person who plays a significant role (husband or lover or boyfriend) in the life of a particular woman


source_id: ili:i91183
language: it
text:
(informale) una persona di sesso maschile che gioca il ruolo di marito, amante, fidanzato nella vita di una certa donna


source_id: ili:i91196
language: en
text:
a member of a small Gnostic sect that originated in Jordan and survives in Iraq and who believes that John the Baptist was the Messiah


source_id: ili:i9122
language: en
text:
of leaves and branches etc; first on one side and then on the other in two ranks along an axis; not paired


source_id: ili:i91231
language: en
text:
(medieval Spain and Portugal) a disparaging term for a Jew who converted to Christianity in order to avoid persecution but continued to practice their religion secretly


source_id: ili:i91233
language: en
text:
a law officer having duties similar to those of a sheriff in carrying out the judgments of a court of law


source_id: ili:i91242
language: en
text:
a scholar who is expert on the Masorah (especially one of the Jewish scribes who contributed to the Masorah)


source_id: ili:i91253
language: en
text:
a person who acts as host at formal occasions (makes an introductory speech and introduces other speakers)


source_id: ili:i91253
language: de
text:
eine Person, die bei formellen Anlässen als Gastgeber fungiert (hält eine Einführungsrede und stellt andere Redner vor)


source_id: ili:i91260
language: en
text:
an informal use of the Latin word for mother; sometimes used by British schoolboys or used facetiously


source_id: ili:i91264
language: en
text:
a witness whose testimony is both relevant to the matter at issue and required in order to resolve the matter


source_id: ili:i91298
language: en
text:
an Orthodox Christian or Uniate Christian belonging to the patriarchate of Alexandria or Antioch or Jerusalem


source_id: ili:i91299
language: en
text:
an eastern Christian in Egypt or Syria who adheres to the Orthodox faith as defined by the council of Chalcedon in 451 and as accepted by the Byzantine emperor


source_id: ili:i91301
language: en
text:
one of the persons who compose a social group (especially individuals who have joined and participate in a group organization)


source_id: ili:i91311
language: en
text:
a Russian member of the liberal minority group that advocated gradual reform and opposed the Bolsheviks before and during the Russian Revolution


source_id: ili:i91337
language: en
text:
in the Eastern Orthodox Church this title is given to a position between bishop and patriarch; equivalent to archbishop in western Christianity


source_id: ili:i9134
language: de
text:
aus dem Mund oder der Mundregion oder der Oberfläche, auf der sich der Mund befindet, oder den Mund betreffend


source_id: ili:i91378
language: en
text:
a magician who seems to discern the thoughts of another person (usually by clever signals from an accomplice)


source_id: ili:i91400
language: de
text:
hypothetischer Organismus, von dem man früher annahm, er sei ein Zwischenglied zwischen Affen und Menschen


source_id: ili:i91402
language: de
text:
jemand, der auf eine Mission - insbesondere eine religiöse oder wohltätige Mission in ein fremdes Land - geschickt wird


source_id: ili:i91405
language: de
text:
eine ehebrecherische Frau; eine Frau, die eine andauernde außereheliche sexuelle Beziehung mit einem Mann hat


source_id: ili:i91408
language: en
text:
a British teenager or young adult in the 1960s; noted for their clothes consciousness and opposition to the rockers


source_id: ili:i91432
language: en
text:
an advocate of the theory that economic fluctuations are caused by increases or decreases in the supply of money


source_id: ili:i9146
language: en
text:
(of a card game or a dance) involving a series of sections for which the participants successively change place or relative position


source_id: ili:i91493
language: en
text:
a robber who takes property by threatening or performing violence on the person who is robbed (usually on the street)


source_id: ili:i91497
language: en
text:
an Islamic scholar who engages in ijtihad, the effort to derive rules of divine law from Muslim sacred texts


source_id: ili:i91503
language: en
text:
a criminal who commits homicide (who performs the unlawful premeditated killing of another human being)


source_id: ili:i91503
language: de
text:
ein Straftäter, der ein Tötungsdelikt begeht (der einen anderen Menschen rechtswidrig und vorsätzlich tötet)


source_id: ili:i91566
language: en
text:
a member of a group of Jews who (during the early history of the Christian Church) accepted Jesus as the Messiah; they accepted the Gospel According to Matthew but rejected the Epistles of St. Paul and continued to follow Jewish law and celebrate Jewish holidays; they were later declared heretic by the Church of Rome


source_id: ili:i91568
language: en
text:
derogatory term for a person who is fanatically dedicated to, or seeks to control, some activity, practice, etc.


source_id: ili:i91592
language: en
text:
someone trained in neuroscience and linguistics who studies brain processes during language production and reception


source_id: ili:i91619
language: en
text:
member of a secret mounted band in United States South after the American Civil War; committed acts of intimidation and revenge


source_id: ili:i91622
language: en
text:
someone who objects to siting something in their own neighborhood but does not object to it being sited elsewhere; an acronym for not in my backyard


source_id: ili:i91624
language: en
text:
a member of the ninja who were trained in martial arts and hired for espionage or sabotage or assassinations; a person skilled in ninjutsu


source_id: ili:i91625
language: en
text:
an observant Muslim woman who covers her face and hands when in public or in the presence of any man outside her immediate family


source_id: ili:i91630
language: de
text:
Angehöriger eines Volkes, der keinen festen Wohnsitz hat, sondern je nach den Jahreszeiten umherzieht


source_id: ili:i91634
language: en
text:
someone who has announced they are not a candidate; especially a politician who has announced that he or she is not a candidate for some political office


source_id: ili:i91641
language: en
text:
a person regarded as nonexistent and having no rights; a person whose existence is systematically ignored (especially for ideological or political reasons)


source_id: ili:i91652
language: en
text:
someone legally empowered to witness signatures and certify a document's validity and to take depositions


source_id: ili:i91669
language: en
text:
a spirit believed to inhabit an object or preside over a place (especially in ancient Roman religion)


source_id: ili:i91674
language: de
text:
jemand, der eine Krankenschwester bei Aufgaben unterstützt, die nur eine geringe formale Ausbildung erfordern


source_id: ili:i91676
language: en
text:
a registered nurse who has received special training and can perform many of the duties of a physician


source_id: ili:i91698
language: en
text:
someone who sets the betting odds based on calculations of the outcome of a contest (especially a horse race)


source_id: ili:i91747
language: it
text:
persona che si adatta alle circostanze perseguendo il proprio interesse anche a scapito dei principi


source_id: ili:i91759
language: en
text:
a male hospital attendant who has general duties that do not involve the medical treatment of patients


source_id: ili:i91773
language: en
text:
a supporter of the Orleans branch of the Bourbons that was descended from a younger brother of Louis XIV


source_id: ili:i91779
language: en
text:
a practitioner of orthoepy (especially one of the 17th or 18th century scholars who proposed to reform English spelling so it would reflect pronunciation more closely)


source_id: ili:i91784
language: en
text:
a person who refuses to face reality or recognize the truth (a reference to the popular notion that the ostrich hides from danger by burying its head in the sand)


source_id: ili:i91784
language: de
text:
eine Person, die sich weigert, der Realität ins Auge zu sehen oder die Wahrheit anzuerkennen (eine Anspielung auf die volkstümliche Vorstellung, dass der Strauß sich vor Gefahren versteckt, indem er den Kopf in den Sand steckt)


source_id: ili:i91819
language: en
text:
in medieval times a youth acting as a knight's attendant as the first stage in training for knighthood


source_id: ili:i91827
language: en
text:
a member of the Paleo-American peoples who were the earliest human inhabitants of North America and South America during the late Pleistocene epoch


source_id: ili:i91835
language: en
text:
a person who serves or caters to the vulgar passions or plans of others (especially in order to make money)


source_id: ili:i91840
language: en
text:
a freelance photographer who pursues celebrities trying to take candid photographs of them to sell to newspapers or magazines


source_id: ili:i91840
language: de
text:
ein freiberuflicher Fotograf, der Prominente verfolgt und versucht, von ihnen freizügige Fotos zu machen, um sie an Zeitungen oder Zeitschriften zu verkaufen


source_id: ili:i91854
language: en
text:
someone who studies the evidence for such psychological phenomena as psychokinesis and telepathy and clairvoyance


source_id: ili:i91858
language: en
text:
a father or mother; one who begets or one who gives birth to or nurtures and raises a child; a relative who plays the role of guardian


source_id: ili:i91865
language: en
text:
a person who is employed to look after the affairs of businesses that are affected by legislation of the British Parliament


source_id: ili:i91866
language: en
text:
a maid in a private home whose duties are to care for the parlor and the table and to answer the door


source_id: ili:i91870
language: en
text:
a member of a monotheistic sect of Zoroastrian origin; descended from the Persians; now found in western India


source_id: ili:i91889
language: en
text:
an informant who is not assigned to obtain specific intelligence but who routinely passes on whatever information he or she has


source_id: ili:i91895
language: en
text:
an informal use of the Latin word for father; sometimes used by British schoolboys or used facetiously


source_id: ili:i91897
language: en
text:
a person who has the right to be considered legally a British citizen (by virtue of the birth of a parent or grandparent)


source_id: ili:i91901
language: en
text:
title for the heads of the Eastern Orthodox Churches (in Istanbul and Alexandria and Moscow and Jerusalem)


source_id: ili:i91901
language: de
text:
Titel für die Oberhäupter der orthodoxen Ostkirchen (in Istanbul und Alexandria und Moskau und Jerusalem)


source_id: ili:i91916
language: en
text:
a person who lends money at interest in exchange for personal property that is deposited as security


source_id: ili:i91921
language: en
text:
a member of a military force that is assigned (often with international sanction) to preserve peace in a trouble area


source_id: ili:i9193
language: de
text:
sich durch eine ungewöhnliche Eigenschaft auszeichnend; besonders Superlativ oder extrem in seiner Art


source_id: ili:i91940
language: en
text:
(Roman Catholic Church) a person who repents for wrongdoing (a Roman Catholic may be admitted to penance under the direction of a confessor)


source_id: ili:i91940
language: de
text:
(Römisch-katholische Kirche) eine Person, die ein Fehlverhalten bereut (ein Katholik kann unter der Leitung eines Beichtvaters zur Buße zugelassen werden)


source_id: ili:i91982
language: de
text:
ein Unteroffizier in der Marine oder der Küstenwache mit einem dem Feldwebel vergleichbaren Rang in der Armee


source_id: ili:i91986
language: de
text:
eine medizinische Fachkraft, die in der Kunst der Zubereitung und Abgabe von Arzneimitteln ausgebildet ist


source_id: ili:i91992
language: de
text:
Angehöriger eines ägäischen Volkes, das um das 12. Jahrhundert v. Chr. das alte Philisterland besiedelte


source_id: ili:i92008
language: en
text:
therapist who treats injury or dysfunction with exercises and other physical treatments of the disorder


source_id: ili:i92025
language: en
text:
one of the colonists from England who sailed to America on the Mayflower and founded the colony of Plymouth in New England in 1620


source_id: ili:i92042
language: en
text:
someone who robs at sea or plunders the land from the sea without having a commission from any sovereign nation


source_id: ili:i92047
language: en
text:
a dwarf whose condition is caused by a deficiency of growth hormones, rather than by genetic factors (as in the case of the achondroplastic dwarf)


source_id: ili:i92091
language: en
text:
someone who believes that distinct ethnic or cultural or religious groups can exist together in society


source_id: ili:i92112
language: en
text:
a person who holds an insurance policy; usually, the client in whose name an insurance policy is written


source_id: ili:i92112
language: de
text:
eine Person, die Inhaber einer Versicherungspolice ist; in der Regel der Kunde, auf dessen Namen eine Versicherungspolice ausgestellt ist


source_id: ili:i92137
language: en
text:
someone who presents shows or sells writing or pictures that are sexually explicit in violation of the community mores


source_id: ili:i92144
language: en
text:
someone who emphasizes observable facts and excludes metaphysical speculation about origins or ultimate causes


source_id: ili:i92150
language: en
text:
a child afflicted by some disease or deformity whose picture is used on posters to raise money for charitable purposes


source_id: ili:i92154
language: en
text:
(Roman Catholic Church) someone who proposes or pleads for a candidate for beatification or canonization


source_id: ili:i92158
language: en
text:
a thinker who focuses on the problem as stated and tries to synthesize information and knowledge to achieve a solution


source_id: ili:i92159
language: en
text:
an advocate of full legal protection for embryos and fetuses; someone opposed to legalized induced abortion


source_id: ili:i92163
language: en
text:
(Roman Catholic Church) an official in charge of an ecclesiastical province acting under the superior general of a religious order


source_id: ili:i92165
language: en
text:
someone who rides the near horse of a pair in order to guide the horses pulling a carriage (especially a carriage without a coachman)


source_id: ili:i9218
language: en
text:
headed or intending to head in a certain direction; often used as a combining form as in `college-bound students'


source_id: ili:i9218
language: de
text:
in eine bestimmte Richtung gehen oder gehen wollen; wird oft als Kombinationsform verwendet, wie z. B. in "Studenten, die ans College gebunden sind".


source_id: ili:i92191
language: en
text:
a person who takes a practical approach to problems and is concerned primarily with the success or failure of her actions


source_id: ili:i92205
language: en
text:
a person with presbyopia; someone who is farsighted resulting from the progressive loss with aging of the elasticity of the crystalline lens


source_id: ili:i92209
language: de
text:
ein Anwalt, der eine Person vorstellt (z. B. für eine Auszeichnung oder einen Abschluss oder eine Einführung usw.)


source_id: ili:i92210
language: en
text:
someone who presents a message of some sort (as a petition or an address or a check or a memorial etc.)


source_id: ili:i92211
language: en
text:
a theologian who believes that the Scripture prophecies of the Apocalypse (the Book of Revelation) are being fulfilled at the present time


source_id: ili:i92222
language: de
text:
jemand, der für die Öffentlichkeitsarbeit (eines Unternehmens oder einer Person des öffentlichen Lebens) zuständig ist


source_id: ili:i92226
language: en
text:
a theologian who believes that the Scripture prophecies of the Apocalypse (the Book of Revelation) have already been fulfilled


source_id: ili:i92228
language: en
text:
a person who is the aim of an attack (especially a victim of ridicule or exploitation) by some hostile person or influence


source_id: ili:i92229
language: en
text:
a clergyman in Christian churches who has the authority to perform or administer various religious rites; one of the Holy Orders


source_id: ili:i92238
language: en
text:
an achondroplastic dwarf whose small size is the result of a genetic defect; body parts and mental and sexual development are normal


source_id: ili:i92241
language: en
text:
any of the German princes who were entitled to vote in the election of new emperor of the Holy Roman Empire


source_id: ili:i92247
language: de
text:
ein weibliches Mitglied einer königlichen Familie mit Ausnahme der Königin (insbesondere die Tochter eines Herrschers)


source_id: ili:i92251
language: en
text:
(criminal law) any person involved in a criminal offense, regardless of whether the person profits from such involvement


source_id: ili:i9226
language: en
text:
positioning with respect to a reference system or determining your bearings physically or intellectually


source_id: ili:i92261
language: de
text:
jemand, der als Detektiv eingesetzt werden kann, um Informationen zu sammeln und bei strafrechtlichen Ermittlungen zu helfen


source_id: ili:i92269
language: en
text:
someone who personally delivers a process (a writ compelling attendance in court) or court papers to the defendant


source_id: ili:i92279
language: en
text:
an unusually gifted or intelligent (young) person; someone whose talents excite wonder and admiration


source_id: ili:i92280
language: en
text:
someone who finds financing for and supervises the making and presentation of a show (play or film or program or similar work)


source_id: ili:i92304
language: it
text:
magistrato che rappresenta gli interessi dello stato nei processi penali e in alcune attività civili


source_id: ili:i92309
language: en
text:
a person who receives support and protection from an influential patron who furthers the protege's career


source_id: ili:i92321
language: en
text:
someone having external genitalia of one sex and internal sex organs of the other sex; not a true hermaphrodite because there is no ambiguity in the sex of the external genitalia and hence no question about gender at birth


source_id: ili:i92325
language: en
text:
a person (usually a psychologist but sometimes a linguist) who studies the psychological basis of human language


source_id: ili:i92328
language: en
text:
someone with a sociopathic personality; a person with an antisocial personality disorder (`psychopath' was once widely used but has now been superseded by `sociopath')


source_id: ili:i92328
language: de
text:
jemand mit einer soziopathischen Persönlichkeit; eine Person mit einer antisozialen Persönlichkeitsstörung (der Begriff "Psychopath" war früher weit verbreitet, ist aber inzwischen durch "Soziopath" ersetzt worden)


source_id: ili:i92347
language: en
text:
a teenager or young adult who is a performer (or enthusiast) of punk rock and a member of the punk youth subculture


source_id: ili:i92349
language: en
text:
(football) a person who kicks the football by dropping it from the hands and contacting it with the foot before it hits the ground


source_id: ili:i92357
language: en
text:
a member of a group of English Protestants who in the 16th and 17th centuries thought that the Protestant Reformation under Elizabeth was incomplete and advocated the simplification and regulation of forms of worship


source_id: ili:i92385
language: en
text:
a contestant who meets certain requirements and so qualifies to take part in the next stage of competition


source_id: ili:i92413
language: en
text:
someone who offers advice about betting on horses (either to influence the odds or in the hope of sharing some of the winnings)


source_id: ili:i92450
language: en
text:
a fictional character in Dostoevsky's novel `Crime and Punishment'; he kills old women because he believes he is beyond the bounds of good or evil


source_id: ili:i92459
language: en
text:
a philosopher who believes that universals are real and exist independently of anyone thinking of them


source_id: ili:i92469
language: de
text:
eine Sekretärin, deren Hauptaufgabe darin besteht, Telefongespräche entgegenzunehmen und Besucher zu empfangen


source_id: ili:i92471
language: en
text:
someone who is repeatedly arrested for criminal behavior (especially for the same criminal behavior)


source_id: ili:i92471
language: de
text:
jemand, der wiederholt wegen kriminellen Verhaltens verhaftet wird (insbesondere wegen desselben kriminellen Verhaltens)


source_id: ili:i92503
language: en
text:
a person who is formally entered (along with others) in a register (and who obtains certain rights thereby)


source_id: ili:i92511
language: en
text:
an official responsible for control and supervision of a particular activity or area of public interest


source_id: ili:i92522
language: en
text:
a scholar during the Renaissance who (because knowledge was limited) could know almost everything about many topics


source_id: ili:i92523
language: en
text:
a modern scholar who is in a position to acquire more than superficial knowledge about many different interests


source_id: ili:i92546
language: en
text:
the codefendant (especially in a divorce proceeding) who is accused of adultery with the corespondent


source_id: ili:i92558
language: en
text:
a government agent responsible for collecting revenue (especially one responsible for stopping bootlegging)


source_id: ili:i92566
language: en
text:
a student who holds one of the scholarships endowed by the will of Cecil J. Rhodes that enables the student to study at Oxford University


source_id: ili:i92567
language: en
text:
a writer who composes rhymes; a maker of poor verses (usually used as terms of contempt for minor or inferior poets)


source_id: ili:i92592
language: en
text:
troublemaker who participates in a violent disturbance of the peace; someone who rises up against the constituted authority


source_id: ili:i92592
language: de
text:
Unruhestifter, der sich an einer gewaltsamen Störung der öffentlichen Ordnung beteiligt; jemand, der sich gegen die Staatsgewalt auflehnt


source_id: ili:i92609
language: en
text:
a book of rules for presiding over a meeting; written by Henry M. Martin in 1876 and subsequently updated through many editions


source_id: ili:i92611
language: en
text:
the hero of Daniel Defoe's novel about a shipwrecked English sailor who survives on a small tropical island


source_id: ili:i9262
language: en
text:
of or relating to the body of Protestant Christianity arising during the Reformation; used of some Protestant churches especially Calvinist as distinct from Lutheran


source_id: ili:i92638
language: en
text:
a member of a secret 17th-century society of philosophers and scholars versed in mystical and metaphysical and alchemical lore


source_id: ili:i92638
language: de
text:
Mitglied einer geheimen Gesellschaft von Philosophen und Gelehrten aus dem 17. Jahrhundert, die sich mit mystischen, metaphysischen und alchemistischen Überlieferungen auskennen


source_id: ili:i92643
language: en
text:
a member of the volunteer cavalry regiment led by Theodore Roosevelt in the Spanish-American War (1898)


source_id: ili:i92655
language: en
text:
a dwarf in one of the fairy stories of the brothers Grimm; tells a woman he will not hold her to a promise if she can guess his name and when she discovers it he is so furious that he destroys himself


source_id: ili:i92655
language: de
text:
ein Zwerg in einem der Märchen der Gebrüder Grimm; sagt einer Frau, dass er sie nicht an ein Versprechen halten wird, wenn sie seinen Namen errät, und als sie ihn herausfindet, ist er so wütend, dass er sich selbst vernichtet


source_id: ili:i92662
language: en
text:
(football) a back on the offensive team (a fullback or halfback) who tries to advance the ball by carrying it on plays from the line of scrimmage


source_id: ili:i92692
language: en
text:
a person employed to represent a business and to sell its merchandise (as to customers in a store or to customers who are visited)


source_id: ili:i92696
language: en
text:
a graduating student with the second highest academic rank; may deliver the opening address at graduation exercises


source_id: ili:i92706
language: en
text:
the legendary patron saint of children; an imaginary being who is thought to bring presents to children at Christmas


source_id: ili:i92706
language: de
text:
der legendäre Schutzpatron der Kinder; ein imaginäres Wesen, von dem angenommen wird, dass es den Kindern zu Weihnachten Geschenke bringt


source_id: ili:i92707
language: en
text:
(Middle Ages) the nephew of the king of Cornwall who (according to legend) fell in love with his uncle's bride (Iseult) after they mistakenly drank a love potion that left them eternally in love with each other


source_id: ili:i92708
language: en
text:
(Middle Ages) the bride of the king of Cornwall who (according to legend) fell in love with the king's nephew (Tristan) after they mistakenly drank a love potion that left them eternally in love with each other


source_id: ili:i92712
language: en
text:
(historically) a member of the nomadic people of the Syrian and Arabian deserts at the time of the Roman Empire


source_id: ili:i92729
language: en
text:
a white Southerner who supported Reconstruction policies after the American Civil War (usually for self-interest)


source_id: ili:i92752
language: en
text:
a learned person (especially in the humanities); someone who by long study has gained mastery in one or more disciplines


source_id: ili:i92755
language: en
text:
a scholar who writes explanatory notes on an author (especially an ancient commentator on a classical author)


source_id: ili:i92779
language: en
text:
someone employed to discover and recruit talented persons (especially in the worlds of entertainment or sports)


source_id: ili:i92807
language: en
text:
a customs official whose job is to search baggage or goods or vehicles for contraband or dutiable items


source_id: ili:i92815
language: de
text:
jemand, der einen Antrag oder eine Petition als notwendige Voraussetzung für eine Diskussion oder Abstimmung unterstützt


source_id: ili:i92843
language: en
text:
an advocate of secularism; someone who believes that religion should be excluded from government and education


source_id: ili:i92873
language: en
text:
a senior noncommissioned officer in the Navy or Coast Guard with a rank comparable to master sergeant in the Army


source_id: ili:i92874
language: en
text:
a senior noncommissioned officer in the Air Force with a rank comparable to master sergeant in the Army


source_id: ili:i92878
language: en
text:
an advocate of secession or separation from a larger group (such as an established church or a national union)


source_id: ili:i92882
language: en
text:
any of several noncommissioned officer ranks in the Army or Air Force or Marines ranking above a corporal


source_id: ili:i92884
language: en
text:
a noncommissioned officer serving as chief administrative officer of a headquarters unit of the Army


source_id: ili:i92898
language: en
text:
(law) a person who creates a trust by giving real or personal property in trust to a trustee for the benefit of a beneficiary; a person who gives such property is said to settle it on the trustee


source_id: ili:i92910
language: en
text:
a member of Christian group practicing celibacy and communal living and common possession of property and separation from the world


source_id: ili:i92956
language: en
text:
(sports) a player who drives or kicks a ball at the goal (or a basketball player who shoots at the basket)


source_id: ili:i92963
language: en
text:
a commercial agent who shops at the competitor's store in order to compare their prices and merchandise with those of the store that employs her


source_id: ili:i92978
language: de
text:
eine Person (insbesondere ein Rechtsanwalt oder Politiker), die skrupellose oder unethische Methoden anwendet


source_id: ili:i92995
language: en
text:
an Italian title of respect for a man; equivalent to the English `sir'; used separately (not prefixed to his name)


source_id: ili:i92996
language: en
text:
an Italian courtesy title for an unmarried woman; equivalent to `Miss', it is either used alone or before a name


source_id: ili:i92998
language: en
text:
a partner (who usually provides capital) whose association with the enterprise is not public knowledge


source_id: ili:i93013
language: en
text:
a sea nymph (part woman and part bird) supposed to lure sailors to destruction on the rocks where the nymphs lived


source_id: ili:i93017
language: en
text:
(Roman Catholic Church) a member of a lay sisterhood (one of several founded in the Netherlands in the 12th and 13th centuries); though not taking religious vows the sisters followed an austere life


source_id: ili:i93041
language: en
text:
an underwater swimmer equipped with a face mask and foot fins and either a snorkel or an air cylinder


source_id: ili:i93042
language: en
text:
a young person who belongs to a British or American group that shave their heads and gather at rock concerts or engage in white supremacist demonstrations


source_id: ili:i93047
language: en
text:
a person who jumps from a plane and performs various gymnastic maneuvers before pulling the parachute cord


source_id: ili:i93048
language: en
text:
a person who shirks his work or duty (especially one who tries to evade military service in wartime)


source_id: ili:i93063
language: en
text:
a spy or saboteur or terrorist planted in an enemy country who lives there as a law-abiding citizen until activated by a prearranged signal


source_id: ili:i93084
language: en
text:
one of a group of brahmans who uphold nonsectarian orthodoxy according to the Vedanta school of Hinduism


source_id: ili:i93125
language: en
text:
an adherent of the teachings of Socinus; a Christian who rejects the divinity of Christ and the Trinity and original sin; influenced the development of Unitarian theology


source_id: ili:i93128
language: de
text:
ein Sozialwissenschaftler, der die Institutionen und die Entwicklung der menschlichen Gesellschaft untersucht


source_id: ili:i93132
language: en
text:
someone who engages in anal copulation (especially a male who engages in anal copulation with another male)


source_id: ili:i93149
language: en
text:
any of a group of Greek philosophers and teachers in the 5th century BC who speculated on a wide range of subjects


source_id: ili:i93154
language: en
text:
in societies practicing shamanism: one acting as a medium between the visible and spirit worlds; practices sorcery for healing or divination


source_id: ili:i93164
language: en
text:
a technician in charge of amplifying sound or producing sound effects (as for a TV or radio broadcast)


source_id: ili:i93169
language: en
text:
`Johnny' was applied as a nickname for Confederate soldiers by the Federal soldiers in the American Civil War; `greyback' derived from their grey Confederate uniforms


source_id: ili:i93172
language: en
text:
someone who seems unable to respond appropriately to reality (as if under the influence of some narcotic drug)


source_id: ili:i93180
language: en
text:
someone who expresses in language; someone who talks (especially someone who delivers a public speech or someone especially garrulous)


source_id: ili:i9320
language: en
text:
(often used as a combining form) having or resembling a leaf or having a specified kind or number of leaves


source_id: ili:i93203
language: en
text:
a public relations person who tries to forestall negative publicity by publicizing a favorable interpretation of the words or actions of a company or political party or famous person


source_id: ili:i93209
language: en
text:
a person without employment who makes money by various dubious schemes; goes about smartly dressed and having a good time


source_id: ili:i9321
language: en
text:
(often used as a combining form) having leaflets (compound leaves) or a specified kind or number of leaflets


source_id: ili:i93213
language: en
text:
a taxonomist who classifies organisms into many groups on the basis of relatively minor characteristics


source_id: ili:i93215
language: en
text:
a candidate with no chance of winning but who may draw enough votes to prevent one of the leading candidates from winning


source_id: ili:i93222
language: en
text:
a person known for the way she (or he) behaves when teased or defeated or subjected to trying circumstances


source_id: ili:i93240
language: en
text:
(military) a secret agent hired by a state to obtain information about its enemies or by a business to obtain industrial secrets from competitors


source_id: ili:i93260
language: en
text:
an employee who is a member of a staff of workers (especially a member of the staff that works for the President of the United States)


source_id: ili:i93262
language: en
text:
a noncommissioned officer ranking above corporal and below sergeant first class in the Army or Marines or above airman 1st class in the Air Force


source_id: ili:i93263
language: de
text:
jemand, der die Schauspieler beaufsichtigt und die Handlung bei der Inszenierung eines Bühnenstücks leitet


source_id: ili:i93264
language: de
text:
ein Angestellter eines Theaters, der Arbeiten im Zusammenhang mit der Inszenierung einer Theateraufführung verrichtet


source_id: ili:i93265
language: en
text:
someone who supervises the physical aspects in the production of a show and who is in charge of the stage when the show is being performed


source_id: ili:i93268
language: en
text:
someone entrusted to hold the stakes for two or more persons betting against one another; must deliver the stakes to the winner


source_id: ili:i93275
language: en
text:
a workman whose job is to form or cut out by applying a mold or die (either by hand or by operating a stamping machine)


source_id: ili:i93279
language: en
text:
someone who stands in a place where one might otherwise sit (as a spectator who uses standing room in a theater or a passenger on a crowded bus or train)


source_id: ili:i93298
language: en
text:
someone versed in the collection and interpretation of numerical data (especially someone who uses statistics to calculate insurance premiums)


source_id: ili:i93298
language: de
text:
jemand, der sich mit der Erfassung und Interpretation numerischer Daten auskennt (insbesondere jemand, der Statistiken zur Berechnung von Versicherungsprämien verwendet)


source_id: ili:i93322
language: en
text:
a person whose body is marked by religious stigmata (such as marks resembling the wounds of the crucified Christ)


source_id: ili:i93333
language: en
text:
the stockholder whose name is registered on the books of the corporation as owning the shares at a particular time


source_id: ili:i93344
language: en
text:
a person at a racetrack who searches for winning parimutuel tickets that have been carelessly discarded by others


source_id: ili:i93348
language: de
text:
eine Person, die sich an Bord eines Schiffes oder Flugzeugs versteckt, in der Hoffnung, freie Fahrt zu erhalten


source_id: ili:i93362
language: de
text:
ein Arbeiter, der mit der Reinigung von Straßen beschäftigt ist (insbesondere ein Angestellter einer städtischen Abwasserbehörde)


source_id: ili:i93363
language: en
text:
someone who learned to fight in the streets rather than being formally trained in the sport of boxing


source_id: ili:i93376
language: en
text:
a worker who strips the stems from moistened tobacco leaves and binds the leaves together into books


source_id: ili:i93384
language: en
text:
a college student who is teaching under the supervision of a certified teacher in order to qualify for a degree in education


source_id: ili:i93395
language: en
text:
a clergyman an order below deacon; one of the Holy Orders in the unreformed western Christian church and the eastern Catholic Churches but now suppressed in the Roman Catholic Church


source_id: ili:i93398
language: en
text:
a person who is subjected to experimental or other observational procedures; someone who is an object of investigation


source_id: ili:i93398
language: de
text:
eine Person, die experimentellen oder anderen Beobachtungsverfahren unterzogen wird; jemand, der Gegenstand einer Untersuchung ist


source_id: ili:i93403
language: en
text:
someone who submits something (as an application for a job or a manuscript for publication etc.) for the judgment of others


source_id: ili:i93408
language: en
text:
someone who contracts to receive and pay for a service or a certain number of issues of a publication


source_id: ili:i93420
language: en
text:
a Muslim who represents the mystical dimension of Islam; a Muslim who seeks direct experience of Allah; mainly in Iran


source_id: ili:i93422
language: en
text:
a woman advocate of women's right to vote (especially a militant advocate in the United Kingdom at the beginning of the 20th century)


source_id: ili:i93441
language: de
text:
ein Hausverwalter für ein Mehrfamilienhaus; vertritt den Eigentümer als Hausmeister und Mietkassierer


source_id: ili:i93476
language: en
text:
an itinerant Australian laborer who carries his personal belongings in a bundle as he travels around in search of work


source_id: ili:i93488
language: en
text:
a voter who has no allegiance to any political party and whose unpredictable decisions can swing the outcome of an election one way or the other


source_id: ili:i93507
language: de
text:
eine Person, die zur Vertretung einer Stadt, einer Universität oder einer Körperschaft im Geschäftsverkehr berufen ist


source_id: ili:i93512
language: en
text:
a person in charge of managing and maintaining a computer system of telecommunication system (as for a business or institution)


source_id: ili:i93519
language: en
text:
a member of a people native to the Philippines chiefly inhabiting central Luzon around and including Manila


source_id: ili:i93530
language: en
text:
a talker on television who talks directly into the cameras and whose upper body is all that is shown on the screen


source_id: ili:i93544
language: en
text:
(sometimes used ironically) a man of great strength and agility (after the hero of a series of novels by Edgar Rice Burroughs)


source_id: ili:i93555
language: en
text:
a biologist who specializes in the classification of organisms into groups on the basis of their structure and origin and behavior


source_id: ili:i93566
language: en
text:
a technician who is highly proficient and enthusiastic about some technical field (especially computing)


source_id: ili:i93584
language: en
text:
a Swiss patriot who lived in the early 14th century and who was renowned for his skill as an archer; according to legend an Austrian governor compelled him to shoot an apple from his son's head with his crossbow (which he did successfully without mishap)


source_id: ili:i9360
language: en
text:
lying beyond what is openly revealed or avowed (especially being kept in the background or deliberately concealed)


source_id: ili:i93608
language: en
text:
a radical who employs terror as a political weapon; usually organizes with other terrorists in small cells; often uses religion as a cover for terrorist activities


source_id: ili:i93616
language: en
text:
a baby conceived by fertilization that occurs outside the mother's body; the woman's ova are removed and mixed with sperm in a culture medium - if fertilization occurs the blastocyte is implanted in the woman's uterus


source_id: ili:i93617
language: en
text:
a specialist in the history of the Teutonic people or language (especially with respect to the Teutonic influence on the history of England)


source_id: ili:i93618
language: en
text:
a member of the Texas state highway patrol; formerly a mounted lawman who maintained order on the frontier


source_id: ili:i93619
language: en
text:
a man ranking above an ordinary freeman and below a noble in Anglo-Saxon England (especially one who gave military service in exchange for land)


source_id: ili:i93630
language: en
text:
a criminal who takes property belonging to someone else with the intention of keeping it or selling it


source_id: ili:i93642
language: en
text:
(mythology) the spirit of thunder and lightning believed by some Native Americans to take the shape of a great bird


source_id: ili:i93657
language: en
text:
formerly a person (traditionally a Gypsy) who traveled from place to place mending pots and kettles and other metal utensils as a way to earn a living


source_id: ili:i93669
language: en
text:
someone who proposes a toast; someone who drinks to the health of success of someone or some venture


source_id: ili:i93693
language: en
text:
a supporter of traditional political and social institutions against the forces of reform; a political conservative


source_id: ili:i93693
language: de
text:
Befürworter traditioneller politischer und sozialer Institutionen gegenüber den Reformkräften; ein politischer Konservativer


source_id: ili:i93694
language: en
text:
a member of political party in Great Britain that has been known as the Conservative Party since 1832; was the opposition party to the Whigs


source_id: ili:i93719
language: en
text:
a follower of Tractarianism and supporter of the Oxford movement (which was expounded in pamphlets called `Tracts for the Times')


source_id: ili:i93765
language: en
text:
derogatory term for environmentalists who support restrictions on the logging industry and the preservation of forests


source_id: ili:i93767
language: de
text:
ein Reisender, der eine lange, beschwerliche Reise unternimmt (z. B. eine Wanderung durch bergiges Land)


source_id: ili:i93783
language: en
text:
someone (not an orthodox Christian) who believes that the Father and Son and Holy Ghost are three separate gods


source_id: ili:i93790
language: en
text:
radicals who support Trotsky's theory that socialism must be established throughout the world by continuing revolution


source_id: ili:i93836
language: de
text:
ein imaginäres Wesen, das als weißes Pferd dargestellt wird und dem ein langes Horn aus der Stirn wächst


source_id: ili:i93839
language: en
text:
a person who has normal vision in one eye and dichromacy in the other; very rare but very useful for experiments on color vision


source_id: ili:i93845
language: en
text:
a person whose type O Rh-negative blood may be safely transfused into persons with other blood types


source_id: ili:i93856
language: en
text:
a person who has suddenly risen to a higher economic status but has not gained social acceptance of others in that class


source_id: ili:i93894
language: en
text:
eater of fruits and grains and nuts; someone who eats no meat or fish or (often) any animal products


source_id: ili:i93894
language: de
text:
jemand, der Obst, Getreide und Nüsse isst; jemand, der kein Fleisch oder Fisch oder (oft) keine tierischen Produkte isst


source_id: ili:i93896
language: de
text:
ein strikter Vegetarier; jemand, der keine tierischen Produkte oder Milchprodukte isst; kann auch die Verwendung von tierischen Produkten (z. B. Leder) vermeiden


source_id: ili:i93902
language: en
text:
a church officer who takes care of the interior of the building and acts as an attendant (carries the verge) during ceremonies


source_id: ili:i93922
language: en
text:
an executive officer ranking immediately below a president; may serve in the president's place under certain circumstances


source_id: ili:i93955
language: en
text:
a member of the western group of Goths who sacked Rome and created a kingdom in present-day Spain and southern France


source_id: ili:i93957
language: en
text:
a person given to fanciful speculations and enthusiasms with little regard for what is actually possible


source_id: ili:i93965
language: en
text:
a hypothetical force to which the functions and qualities peculiar to living things are sometimes ascribed


source_id: ili:i93998
language: en
text:
a member of a strictly orthodox Sunni Muslim sect from Saudi Arabia; strives to purify Islamic beliefs and rejects any innovation occurring after the 3rd century of Islam


source_id: ili:i94025
language: en
text:
a journalist who sends news reports and commentary from a combat zone or place of battle for publication or broadcast


source_id: ili:i94025
language: de
text:
ein Journalist, der Nachrichten und Kommentare aus einem Kampfgebiet oder von einem Kriegsschauplatz zur Veröffentlichung oder Ausstrahlung sendet


source_id: ili:i94034
language: en
text:
supreme military leader exercising civil power in a region especially one accountable to nobody when the central government is weak


source_id: ili:i94056
language: en
text:
a member of the women's reserve of the United States Navy; originally organized during World War II but now no longer a separate branch


source_id: ili:i94069
language: en
text:
a homeowner who acts as a contractor and tries to do major improvement projects on weekends (often without understanding the scope of the work to be done)


source_id: ili:i94095
language: en
text:
a member of the political party that urged social reform in 18th and 19th century England; was the opposition party to the Tories


source_id: ili:i94102
language: de
text:
ein Informant, der Missstände innerhalb einer Organisation aufdeckt, in der Hoffnung, sie zu beenden


source_id: ili:i94134
language: en
text:
the pilot who positions his aircraft outside and behind (on the wing of) the leader of a flying formation


source_id: ili:i94144
language: de
text:
jemand, der heimliche Beeinflussung (d. h. Ziehen von Drähten oder Fäden) für seine eigenen Zwecke nutzt


source_id: ili:i94161
language: en
text:
(law) a person who attests to the genuineness of a document or signature by adding their own signature


source_id: ili:i94169
language: en
text:
a female person who plays a significant role (wife or mistress or girlfriend) in the life of a particular man


source_id: ili:i94181
language: de
text:
ein Schriftsteller, der die Sprache nachlässig oder prätentiös und ohne Rücksicht auf den Sinn verwendet


source_id: ili:i94199
language: en
text:
a candidate for public office whose name does not appear on the ballot and so must be written on the ballot by the voters


source_id: ili:i94215
language: en
text:
(Yiddish) a woman who talks too much; a gossip unable to keep a secret; a woman who spreads rumors and scandal


source_id: ili:i94225
language: en
text:
a member of one or more of the insurgent groups in Turkey in the late 19th century who rebelled against the absolutism of Ottoman rule


source_id: ili:i94226
language: en
text:
a young upwardly mobile professional individual; a well-paid middle-class professional who works in a city and has a luxurious life style


source_id: ili:i94228
language: en
text:
a member of an ancient Jewish sect in Judea in the first century who fought to the death against the Romans and who killed or persecuted Jews who collaborated with the Romans


source_id: ili:i94237
language: en
text:
(Old Testament) elder brother of Moses and first high priest of the Israelites; created the golden calf


source_id: ili:i94241
language: en
text:
the first of the Old Testament patriarchs and the father of Isaac; according to Genesis, God promised to give Abraham's family (the Hebrews) the land of Canaan (the Promised Land); God tested Abraham by asking him to sacrifice his son


source_id: ili:i94246
language: en
text:
American Revolutionary leader and patriot; an organizer of the Boston Tea Party and signer of the Declaration of Independence (1722-1803)


source_id: ili:i94248
language: en
text:
English physiologist who conducted research into the function of neurons; 1st baron of Cambridge (1889-1997)


source_id: ili:i94251
language: en
text:
United States naturalist (born in Switzerland) who studied fossil fish; recognized geological evidence that ice ages had occurred in North America (1807-1873)


source_id: ili:i94253
language: en
text:
Roman general who was governor of Britain and extended Roman rule north to the Firth of Forth (37-93)


source_id: ili:i94254
language: en
text:
Roman general who commanded the fleet that defeated the forces of Antony and Cleopatra at Actium (63-12 BC)


source_id: ili:i94256
language: en
text:
wife who poisoned Claudius after her son Nero was declared heir and who was then put to death by Nero


source_id: ili:i94257
language: en
text:
according to the Old Testament he was a pagan king of Israel and husband of Jezebel (9th century BC)


source_id: ili:i94264
language: en
text:
United States painter born in Germany; works characterized by simple geometrical patterns in various colors (1888-1976)


source_id: ili:i94271
language: en
text:
the czar of Russia whose plans to liberalize the government of Russia were unrealized because of the wars with Napoleon (1777-1825)


source_id: ili:i94272
language: en
text:
the son of Nicholas I who, as czar of Russia, introduced reforms that included limited emancipation of the serfs (1818-1881)


source_id: ili:i94276
language: en
text:
United States author of inspirational adventure stories for boys; virtue and hard work overcome poverty (1832-1899)


source_id: ili:i94278
language: en
text:
an Ismaili caliph of Egypt who declared himself an incarnation of God and founded the Druze religious sect (985-1021)


source_id: ili:i94279
language: en
text:
an Egyptian polymath (born in Iraq) whose research in geometry and optics was influential into the 17th century; established experiments as the norm of proof in physics (died in 1040)


source_id: ili:i9428
language: en
text:
slanting or inclined in direction or course or position--neither parallel nor perpendicular nor right-angled


source_id: ili:i94280
language: en
text:
the fourth caliph of Islam who is considered to be the first caliph by Shiites; he was a cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad; after his assassination Islam was divided into Shiite and Sunnite sects


source_id: ili:i94282
language: en
text:
a soldier of the American Revolution whose troops helped capture Fort Ticonderoga from the British (1738-1789)


source_id: ili:i94284
language: en
text:
United States comedienne remembered as the confused but imperturbable partner of her husband, George Burns (1906-1964)


source_id: ili:i94287
language: en
text:
(Roman Catholic Church) Roman priest who became bishop of Milan; the first Church Father born and raised in the Christian faith; composer of hymns; imposed orthodoxy on the early Christian church and built up its secular power; a saint and Doctor of the Church (340?-397)


source_id: ili:i94289
language: en
text:
Norwegian explorer who was the first to traverse the Northwest Passage and in 1911 the first to reach the South Pole (1872-1928)


source_id: ili:i94290
language: en
text:
a presocratic Athenian philosopher who maintained that everything is composed of very small particles that were arranged by some eternal intelligence (500-428 BC)


source_id: ili:i94291
language: en
text:
a presocratic Greek philosopher and student of Thales who believed the universal substance to be infinity rather than something resembling ordinary objects (611-547 BC)


source_id: ili:i94292
language: en
text:
a presocratic Greek philosopher and associate of Anaximander who believed that all things are made of air in different degrees of density (6th century BC)


source_id: ili:i94294
language: en
text:
United States physicist who discovered antimatter in the form of an antielectron that is called the positron (1905-1991)


source_id: ili:i94297
language: en
text:
United States physicist who studied the electronic structure of magnetic and disordered systems (1923-)


source_id: ili:i94301
language: en
text:
Queen of England and Scotland and Ireland; daughter if James II and the last of the Stuart monarchs; in 1707 she was the last English ruler to exercise the royal veto over parliament (1665-1714)


source_id: ili:i94303
language: en
text:
an Italian who was a Benedictine monk; was archbishop of Canterbury from 1093 to 1109; one of the founders of scholasticism; best known for his proof of the existence of God


source_id: ili:i94305
language: en
text:
(Christianity) the adversary of Christ (or Christianity) mentioned in the New Testament; the Antichrist will rule the world until overthrown by the Second Coming of Christ


source_id: ili:i94306
language: en
text:
a general of Alexander the Great and king of Macedonia; lost one eye; killed in a battle at Ipsus (382-301 BC)


source_id: ili:i94307
language: en
text:
Emperor of Rome; nephew and son-in-law and adoptive son of Antonius Pius; Stoic philosopher; the decline of the Roman Empire began under Marcus Aurelius (121-180)


source_id: ili:i94309
language: en
text:
Roman general under Julius Caesar in the Gallic wars; repudiated his wife for the Egyptian queen Cleopatra; they were defeated by Octavian at Actium (83-30 BC)


source_id: ili:i94312
language: en
text:
(Roman Catholic Church) Italian theologian and Doctor of the Church who is remembered for his attempt to reconcile faith and reason in a comprehensive theology; presented philosophical proofs of the existence of God (1225-1274)


source_id: ili:i94315
language: en
text:
Greek mathematician and physicist noted for his work in hydrostatics and mechanics and geometry (287-212 BC)


source_id: ili:i94317
language: en
text:
an ancient Greek grammarian remembered for his commentary on the Iliad and Odyssey (circa 217-145 BC)


source_id: ili:i94318
language: en
text:
an ancient Greek astronomer who was one of the first to propose a heliocentric theory of the universe (circa 270 BC)


source_id: ili:i9432
language: en
text:
connecting two nonadjacent corners of a plane figure or any two corners of a solid that are not in the same face


source_id: ili:i94320
language: en
text:
one of the greatest of the ancient Athenian philosophers; pupil of Plato; teacher of Alexander the Great (384-322 BC)


source_id: ili:i94321
language: en
text:
a Greek who was a Christian theologian active in Alexandria and who was declared a heretic for his doctrines about God (which came to be known as Arianism) (256?-336)


source_id: ili:i94323
language: en
text:
Dutch Protestant theologian who founded Arminianism which opposed the absolute predestinarianism of John Calvin (1559-1609)


source_id: ili:i94326
language: en
text:
United States general and traitor in the American Revolution; in 1780 his plan to surrender West Point to the British was foiled (1741-1801)


source_id: ili:i94328
language: en
text:
Italian theologian who censured the worldly possessions of monks and the temporal power of bishops and was condemned for dogmatic errors by the Second Lateran Council (early 12th century)


source_id: ili:i94329
language: en
text:
Alsatian artist and poet who was cofounder of dadaism in Zurich; noted for abstract organic sculptures (1887-1966)


source_id: ili:i94333
language: en
text:
a legendary king of the Britons (possibly based on a historical figure in the 6th century but the story has been retold too many times to be sure); said to have led the Knights of the Round Table at Camelot


source_id: ili:i94334
language: en
text:
elected vice president and became 21st President of the United States when Garfield was assassinated (1830-1886)


source_id: ili:i94337
language: en
text:
United States tennis player who was the first Black to win United States and English singles championships (1943-1993)


source_id: ili:i94343
language: en
text:
British politician (born in the United States) who was the first woman to sit in the British House of Commons (1879-1964)


source_id: ili:i94344
language: en
text:
Turkish statesman who abolished the caliphate and founded Turkey as a modern secular state (1881-1938)


source_id: ili:i94345
language: en
text:
(Roman Catholic Church) Greek patriarch of Alexandria who championed Christian orthodoxy against Arianism; a church father, saint, and Doctor of the Church (293-373)


source_id: ili:i94348
language: en
text:
British statesman and leader of the Labour Party who instituted the welfare state in Britain (1883-1967)


source_id: ili:i94351
language: en
text:
United States ornithologist and artist (born in Haiti) noted for his paintings of birds of America (1785-1851)


source_id: ili:i94352
language: en
text:
(Roman Catholic Church) one of the great Fathers of the early Christian church; after a dramatic conversion to Christianity he became bishop of Hippo Regius in North Africa; St. Augustine emphasized man's need for grace (354-430)


source_id: ili:i94353
language: en
text:
Roman statesman who established the Roman Empire and became emperor in 27 BC; defeated Mark Antony and Cleopatra in 31 BC at Actium (63 BC - AD 14)


source_id: ili:i94355
language: en
text:
Arabian philosopher born in Spain; wrote detailed commentaries on Aristotle that were admired by the Schoolmen (1126-1198)


source_id: ili:i94356
language: en
text:
Arabian physician and influential Islamic philosopher; his interpretation of Aristotle influenced St. Thomas Aquinas; writings on medicine were important for almost 500 years (980-1037)


source_id: ili:i94357
language: en
text:
Italian physicist noted for his work on gases; proposed what has come to be called Avogadro's law (1776-1856)


source_id: ili:i94358
language: en
text:
German baroque organist and contrapuntist; composed mostly keyboard music; one of the greatest creators of western music (1685-1750)


source_id: ili:i94359
language: en
text:
English statesman and philosopher; precursor of British empiricism; advocated inductive reasoning (1561-1626)


source_id: ili:i94360
language: en
text:
English scientist and Franciscan monk who stressed the importance of experimentation; first showed that air is required for combustion and first used lenses to correct vision (1220-1292)


source_id: ili:i94362
language: en
text:
English lexicographer who was the first to treat etymology consistently; his work was used as a reference by Samuel Johnson (died in 1742)


source_id: ili:i94365
language: en
text:
United States dancer and choreographer (born in Russia) noted for his abstract and formal works (1904-1983)


source_id: ili:i94366
language: en
text:
Spanish explorer who in 1513 crossed the Isthmus of Darien and became the first European to see the eastern shores of the Pacific Ocean (1475-1519)


source_id: ili:i94376
language: en
text:
English runner who in 1954 became the first person to run a mile in less than four minutes (born in 1929)


source_id: ili:i94377
language: en
text:
Canadian physiologist who discovered insulin with C. H. Best and who used it to treat diabetes(1891-1941)


source_id: ili:i94386
language: en
text:
United States actor; husband of Georgiana Emma Barrymore and father of Ethel Barrymore and John Barrymore and Lionel Barrymore (1847-1905)


source_id: ili:i94387
language: en
text:
United States actress; daughter of John Drew and wife of Maurice Barrymore; mother of Ethel Barrymore and John Barrymore and Lionel Barrymore (1854-1893)


source_id: ili:i94397
language: en
text:
United States explorer who accompanied Peary's expedition to the North Pole and who led many other Arctic trips (1875-1946)


source_id: ili:i94398
language: en
text:
Hungarian composer and pianist who collected Hungarian folk music; in 1940 he moved to the United States (1881-1945)


source_id: ili:i94402
language: en
text:
(Roman Catholic Church) the bishop of Caesarea who defended the Roman Catholic Church against the heresies of the 4th century; a saint and Doctor of the Church (329-379)


source_id: ili:i94403
language: en
text:
(Old Testament) the wife of Uriah and later the wife of king David; Solomon was her son by David (circa 10th century BC)


source_id: ili:i94408
language: en
text:
United States biologist who discovered how hereditary characteristics are transmitted by genes (1903-1989)


source_id: ili:i94412
language: en
text:
British newspaper publisher and politician (born in Canada); confidant of Winston Churchill (1879-1964)


source_id: ili:i94413
language: en
text:
(Roman Catholic Church) archbishop of Canterbury from 1162 to 1170; murdered following his opposition to Henry II's attempts to control the clergy (1118-1170)


source_id: ili:i94414
language: en
text:
a playwright and novelist (born in Ireland) who lived in France; wrote plays for the theater of the absurd (1906-1989)


source_id: ili:i94415
language: en
text:
French physicist who discovered that rays emitted by uranium salts affect photographic plates (1852-1908)


source_id: ili:i94419
language: en
text:
German composer of instrumental music (especially symphonic and chamber music); continued to compose after he lost his hearing (1770-1827)


source_id: ili:i94420
language: en
text:
Israeli statesman (born in Russia) who (as prime minister of Israel) negotiated a peace treaty with Anwar Sadat (then the president of Egypt) (1913-1992)


source_id: ili:i94422
language: en
text:
Byzantine general under Justinian I; he recovered former Roman territories in northern Africa and fought against the Persians


source_id: ili:i94429
language: en
text:
United States author (born in Canada) whose novels influenced American literature after World War II (1915-2005)


source_id: ili:i94430
language: en
text:
(Old Testament) Babylonian general and son of Nebuchadnezzar II; according to the Old Testament he was warned of his doom by divine handwriting on the wall that was interpreted by Daniel (6th century BC)


source_id: ili:i94433
language: en
text:
pope who was a patron of the arts and who denounced the cruelty to the indigenous peoples of South America (1675-1758)


source_id: ili:i94438
language: en
text:
Israeli statesman (born in Poland) and active Zionist who organized resistance against the British after World War II; prime minister of Israel (1886-1973)


source_id: ili:i94439
language: en
text:
(Old Testament) the youngest and best-loved son of Jacob and Rachel and one of the twelve forebears of the tribes of Israel


source_id: ili:i94439
language: de
text:
(Altes Testament) der jüngste und beliebteste Sohn von Jakob und Rahel und einer der zwölf Stammväter der Stämme Israels


source_id: ili:i94440
language: en
text:
United States aviator who (with Richard E. Byrd) piloted the first flight over the North Pole (1890-1928)


source_id: ili:i94446
language: en
text:
Swedish film director who used heavy symbolism and explored the psychology of the characters (born 1918)


source_id: ili:i94449
language: en
text:
Soviet chief of secret police under Joseph Stalin; was executed by his associates in the power struggle following Stalin's death (1899-1953)


source_id: ili:i94450
language: en
text:
Danish explorer who explored the northern Pacific Ocean for the Russians and discovered the Bering Strait (1681-1741)


source_id: ili:i94453
language: en
text:
United States songwriter (born in Russia) who wrote more than 1500 songs and several musical comedies (1888-1989)


source_id: ili:i94453
language: de
text:
US-amerikanischer Liedermacher (geboren in Russland), der mehr als 1500 Lieder und mehrere Musikkomödien schrieb (1888-1989)


source_id: ili:i94455
language: en
text:
French physiologist noted for research on secretions of the alimentary canal and the glycogenic function of the liver (1813-1878)


source_id: ili:i94457
language: en
text:
Italian sculptor and architect of the baroque period in Italy; designed many churches and chapels and tombs and fountains (1598-1680)


source_id: ili:i94466
language: en
text:
Swedish chemist who discovered three new elements and determined the atomic weights of many others (1779-1848)


source_id: ili:i94467
language: en
text:
German mathematician and astronomer who made accurate measurements of stellar distances and who predicted the existence on an 8th planet (1784-1846)


source_id: ili:i94469
language: en
text:
Canadian physiologist (born in the United States) who assisted F. G. Banting in research leading to the discovery of insulin (1899-1978)


source_id: ili:i94470
language: en
text:
United States physicist (born in Germany) noted for research in astrophysics and nuclear physics (1906-2005)


source_id: ili:i94471
language: en
text:
United States educator who worked to improve race relations and educational opportunities for Black Americans (1875-1955)


source_id: ili:i94472
language: en
text:
British economist (born in India) whose report on social insurance provided the basis for most of the social legislation on which the welfare state in the United Kingdom is based (1879-1963)


source_id: ili:i94473
language: en
text:
British labor leader and statesman who played an important role in diplomacy after World War II (1884-1951)


source_id: ili:i94475
language: en
text:
French psychologist remembered for his studies of the intellectual development of children (1857-1911)


source_id: ili:i94480
language: en
text:
British chemist who identified carbon dioxide and who formulated the concepts of specific heat and latent heat (1728-1799)


source_id: ili:i94485
language: en
text:
British admiral; was captain of the H.M.S. Bounty in 1789 when part of the crew mutinied and set him afloat in an open boat; a few weeks later he arrived safely in Timor 4,000 miles away (1754-1817)


source_id: ili:i94487
language: en
text:
United States composer (born in Switzerland) who composed symphonies and chamber music and choral music and a piano sonata and an opera (1880-1959)


source_id: ili:i94487
language: de
text:
US-amerikanischer Komponist (geboren in der Schweiz), der Sinfonien, Kammermusik, Chormusik, eine Klaviersonate und eine Oper komponierte (1880-1959)


source_id: ili:i94495
language: en
text:
a Roman who was an early Christian philosopher and statesman who was executed for treason; Boethius had a decisive influence on medieval logic (circa 480-524)


source_id: ili:i94497
language: en
text:
Danish physicist who studied atomic structure and radiations; the Bohr theory of the atom accounted for the spectrum of hydrogen (1885-1962)


source_id: ili:i94498
language: en
text:
the second wife of Henry VIII and mother of Elizabeth I; was executed on a charge of adultery (1507-1536)


source_id: ili:i94499
language: en
text:
Venezuelan statesman who led the revolt of South American colonies against Spanish rule; founded Bolivia in 1825 (1783-1830)


source_id: ili:i94501
language: en
text:
United States civil rights leader who was elected to the legislature in Georgia but was barred from taking his seat because he opposed the Vietnam War (born 1940)


source_id: ili:i94502
language: en
text:
German Lutheran theologian and pastor whose works concern Christianity in the modern world; an active opponent of Nazism, he was arrested and sent to Buchenwald and later executed (1906-1945)


source_id: ili:i94503
language: en
text:
(Roman Catholic Church) Anglo-Saxon missionary who was sent to Frisia and Germany to spread the Christian faith; was martyred in Frisia (680-754)


source_id: ili:i94504
language: en
text:
pope who declared that Catholic princes are subject to the pope in temporal as well as in theological matters (1235-1303)


source_id: ili:i94513
language: en
text:
British nuclear physicist (born in Germany) honored for his contributions to quantum mechanics (1882-1970)


source_id: ili:i94516
language: en
text:
Indian physicist who with Albert Einstein proposed statistical laws based on the indistinguishability of particles; led to the description of fundamental particles that later came to be known as bosons


source_id: ili:i94523
language: en
text:
United States pioneer and hero of the Texas revolt against Mexico; he shared command of the garrison that resisted the Mexican attack on the Alamo where he died (1796-1836)


source_id: ili:i94524
language: en
text:
Irish chemist who established that air has weight and whose definitions of chemical elements and chemical reactions helped to dissociate chemistry from alchemy (1627-1691)


source_id: ili:i94527
language: en
text:
United States printer (born in England) whose press produced the first American prayer book and the New York City's first newspaper (1663-1752)


source_id: ili:i94528
language: en
text:
United States general who played an important role in the Allied victory in World War II (1893-1981)


source_id: ili:i94532
language: en
text:
United States pioneer photographer famous for his portraits; was the official Union photographer for the American Civil War (1823-1896)


source_id: ili:i94533
language: en
text:
Confederate general during the American Civil War who was defeated by Grant in the battle of Chattanooga (1817-1876)


source_id: ili:i94534
language: en
text:
Danish astronomer whose observations of the planets provided the basis for Kepler's laws of planetary motion (1546-1601)


source_id: ili:i94536
language: en
text:
French educator who lost his sight at the age of three and who invented a system of writing and printing for sightless people (1809-1852)


source_id: ili:i94539
language: en
text:
German statesman who as chancellor of West Germany worked to reduce tensions with eastern Europe (1913-1992)


source_id: ili:i94541
language: en
text:
United States rocket engineer (born in Germany where he designed a missile used against England); he led the United States Army team that put the first American satellite into space (1912-1977)


source_id: ili:i94544
language: en
text:
United States architect (born in Hungary) who was associated with the Bauhaus in the 1920's (1902-1981)


source_id: ili:i94548
language: en
text:
United States anthropologist who was the first to attempt a systematic classification of Native American languages (1837-1899)


source_id: ili:i94550
language: en
text:
French anthropologist who studied the craniums and brains of different races of people; remembered for his discovery that articulate speech depends on an area of the brain now known as Broca's area (1824-1880)


source_id: ili:i94551
language: en
text:
Canadian physicist who bounced neutron beams off of atomic nuclei to study the structure of matter (1918-2003)


source_id: ili:i94552
language: en
text:
French nuclear physicist who generalized the wave-particle duality by proposing that particles of matter exhibit wavelike properties (1892-1987)


source_id: ili:i94558
language: en
text:
abolitionist who was hanged after leading an unsuccessful raid at Harper's Ferry, Virginia (1800-1859)


source_id: ili:i94559
language: en
text:
Scottish botanist who first observed the movement of small particles in fluids now known a Brownian motion (1773-1858)


source_id: ili:i94563
language: en
text:
English poet and husband of Elizabeth Barrett Browning noted for his dramatic monologues (1812-1889)


source_id: ili:i94564
language: en
text:
United States inventor of firearms (especially automatic pistols and repeating rifles and a machine gun called the Peacemaker) (1855-1926)


source_id: ili:i94565
language: en
text:
king of Scotland from 1306 to 1329; defeated the English army under Edward II at Bannockburn and gained recognition of Scottish independence (1274-1329)


source_id: ili:i94566
language: en
text:
Australian physician and bacteriologist who described the bacterium that causes undulant fever or brucellosis (1855-1931)


source_id: ili:i94572
language: en
text:
Italian philosopher who used Copernican principles to develop a pantheistic monistic philosophy; condemned for heresy by the Inquisition and burned at the stake (1548-1600)


source_id: ili:i94573
language: en
text:
(Roman Catholic Church) a French cleric (born in Germany) who founded the Carthusian order in 1084 (1032-1101)


source_id: ili:i94574
language: en
text:
statesman of ancient Rome who (with Cassius) led a conspiracy to assassinate Julius Caesar (85-42 BC)


source_id: ili:i94575
language: en
text:
United States lawyer and politician who advocated free silver and prosecuted John Scopes (1925) for teaching evolution in a Tennessee high school (1860-1925)


source_id: ili:i94576
language: en
text:
Israeli religious philosopher (born in Austria); as a Zionist he promoted understanding between Jews and Arabs; his writings affected Christian thinkers as well as Jews (1878-1965)


source_id: ili:i94580
language: en
text:
United States tennis player who in 1938 was the first to win the Australian and French and English and United States singles championship in the same year (1915-2000)


source_id: ili:i94581
language: en
text:
Bolshevik leader in Russia who advocated gradual collectivism of the farms; was executed in a purge by Stalin (1888-1938)


source_id: ili:i94582
language: en
text:
United States architect who designed the Capitol Building in Washington which served as a model for state capitols throughout the United States (1763-1844)


source_id: ili:i94585
language: en
text:
German chemist who with Kirchhoff pioneered spectrum analysis but is remembered mainly for his invention of the Bunsen burner (1811-1899)


source_id: ili:i94588
language: en
text:
English actor who was the first to play the leading role in several of Shakespeare's tragedies (1567-1619)


source_id: ili:i94589
language: en
text:
United States horticulturist who developed many new varieties of fruits and vegetables and flowers (1849-1926)


source_id: ili:i94590
language: en
text:
United States jurist appointed chief justice of the United States Supreme Court by Richard Nixon (1907-1995)


source_id: ili:i94592
language: en
text:
British general in the American Revolution who captured Fort Ticonderoga but lost the battle of Saratoga in 1777 (1722-1792)


source_id: ili:i94593
language: en
text:
United States frontierswoman and legendary figure of the Wild West noted for her marksmanship (1852-1903)


source_id: ili:i94594
language: en
text:
British statesman famous for his oratory; pleaded the cause of the American colonists in British Parliament and defended the parliamentary system (1729-1797)


source_id: ili:i94599
language: en
text:
United States general in the American Civil War who was defeated by Robert E. Lee at the Battle of Fredericksburg (1824-1881)


source_id: ili:i94600
language: en
text:
United States politician who served as vice president under Jefferson; he mortally wounded his political rival Alexander Hamilton in a duel and fled south (1756-1836)


source_id: ili:i94604
language: en
text:
English psychologist whose studies of twins were later said to have used fabricated data (1883-1971)


source_id: ili:i94608
language: en
text:
United States electrical engineer who designed an early analogue computer and who led the scientific program of the United States during World War II (1890-1974)


source_id: ili:i94610
language: en
text:
American inventor who in 1775 designed a man-propelled submarine that was ineffectual but subsequently earned him recognition as a submarine pioneer (1742-1824)


source_id: ili:i94615
language: en
text:
English organist and composer of church music; master of 16th century polyphony; was granted a monopoly in music printing with Thomas Tallis (1543-1623)


source_id: ili:i94618
language: en
text:
Italian explorer who led the English expedition in 1497 that discovered the mainland of North America and explored the coast from Nova Scotia to Newfoundland (ca. 1450-1498)


source_id: ili:i94619
language: en
text:
son of John Cabot who was born in Italy and who led an English expedition in search of the Northwest Passage and a Spanish expedition that explored the La Plata region of Brazil; in 1544 he published a map of the world (1476-1557)


source_id: ili:i94628
language: en
text:
Roman Emperor who succeeded Tiberius and whose uncontrolled passions resulted in manifest insanity; noted for his cruelty and tyranny; was assassinated (12-41)


source_id: ili:i94629
language: en
text:
pope who in 1122 forced the Holy Roman Emperor Henry V to sign a concordat that recognized the right of the church to choose its own leadership (died in 1124)


source_id: ili:i94631
language: en
text:
Greek coloratura soprano (born in the United States) known for her dramatic intensity in operatic roles (1923-1977)


source_id: ili:i94632
language: en
text:
Swiss theologian (born in France) whose tenets (predestination and the irresistibility of grace and justification by faith) defined Presbyterianism (1509-1564)


source_id: ili:i94633
language: en
text:
United States chemist noted for discovering the series of chemical reactions in photosynthesis (1911-)


source_id: ili:i94638
language: en
text:
king of Denmark and Norway who forced Edmund II to divide England with him; on the death of Edmund II, Canute became king of all England (994-1035)


source_id: ili:i94640
language: en
text:
United States gangster who terrorized Chicago during prohibition until arrested for tax evasion (1899-1947)


source_id: ili:i94642
language: en
text:
Italian painter noted for his realistic depiction of religious subjects and his novel use of light (1573-1610)


source_id: ili:i94648
language: en
text:
United States industrialist and philanthropist who endowed education and public libraries and research trusts (1835-1919)


source_id: ili:i94649
language: en
text:
United States educator famous for writing a book about how to win friends and influence people (1888-1955)


source_id: ili:i94653
language: en
text:
United States architect who with his partner Thomas Hastings designed many important public buildings (1858-1911)


source_id: ili:i94654
language: en
text:
English author; Charles Dodgson was an Oxford don of mathematics who is remembered for the children's stories he wrote under the pen name Lewis Carroll (1832-1898)


source_id: ili:i94655
language: en
text:
United States frontiersman who guided Fremont's expeditions in the 1840s and served as a Union general in the American Civil War (1809-1868)


source_id: ili:i94656
language: en
text:
United States biologist remembered for her opposition to the use of pesticides that were hazardous to wildlife (1907-1964)


source_id: ili:i94658
language: en
text:
Englishman and Egyptologist who in 1922 discovered and excavated the tomb of Tutankhamen (1873-1939)


source_id: ili:i94659
language: en
text:
French explorer who explored the St. Lawrence river and laid claim to the region for France (1491-1557)


source_id: ili:i94662
language: en
text:
United States botanist and agricultural chemist who developed many uses for peanuts and soy beans and sweet potatoes (1864-1943)


source_id: ili:i94667
language: en
text:
German philosopher concerned with concept formation in the human mind and with symbolic forms in human culture generally (1874-1945)


source_id: ili:i94669
language: en
text:
Cuban socialist leader who overthrew a dictator in 1959 and established a Marxist socialist state in Cuba (born in 1927)


source_id: ili:i94669
language: de
text:
Kubanischer Sozialistenführer, der 1959 einen Diktator stürzte und einen marxistischen sozialistischen Staat in Kuba errichtete (1926-2016)


source_id: ili:i94673
language: en
text:
first wife of Henry VIII; Henry VIII's divorce from her was the initial step of the Reformation in England (1485-1536)


source_id: ili:i94674
language: en
text:
queen of France as the wife of Henry II and regent during the minority of her son Charles IX (1519-1589)


source_id: ili:i94676
language: en
text:
English nurse who remained in Brussels after the German occupation in order to help Allied prisoners escape; was caught and executed by the Germans (1865-1915)


source_id: ili:i94677
language: en
text:
British chemist and physicist who established that water is a compound of hydrogen and oxygen and who calculated the density of the earth (1731-1810)


source_id: ili:i94681
language: en
text:
Spanish writer best remembered for `Don Quixote' which satirizes chivalry and influenced the development of the novel form (1547-1616)


source_id: ili:i94682
language: en
text:
French Post-impressionist painter who influenced modern art (especially cubism) by stressing the structural components latent in nature (1839-1906)


source_id: ili:i94684
language: en
text:
British statesman who as Prime Minister pursued a policy of appeasement toward fascist Germany (1869-1940)


source_id: ili:i94686
language: en
text:
French explorer in Nova Scotia who established a settlement on the site of modern Quebec (1567-1635)


source_id: ili:i94687
language: en
text:
Frenchman and Egyptologist who studied the Rosetta Stone and in 1821 became the first person to decipher Egyptian hieroglyphics (1790-1832)


source_id: ili:i94689
language: en
text:
English comedian and film maker; portrayed a downtrodden little man in baggy pants and bowler hat (1889-1977)


source_id: ili:i94691
language: en
text:
British biochemist (born in Germany) who isolated and purified penicillin, which had been discovered in 1928 by Sir Alexander Fleming (1906-1979)


source_id: ili:i94694
language: en
text:
American psychologist (born in England) who developed a broad theory of human behavior based on multivariate research (1905-1998)


source_id: ili:i94699
language: en
text:
son of James I who was King of England and Scotland and Ireland; was deposed and executed by Oliver Cromwell (1600-1649)


source_id: ili:i94702
language: en
text:
King of France who began his reign with most of northern France under English control; after the intervention of Jeanne d'Arc the French were able to defeat the English and end the Hundred Years' War (1403-1461)


source_id: ili:i94703
language: en
text:
King of France from 1560 to 1574 whose reign was dominated by his mother Catherine de Medicis (1550-1574)


source_id: ili:i94704
language: en
text:
United States politician and jurist who served as chief justice of the United States Supreme Court (1808-1873)


source_id: ili:i94705
language: de
text:
Französischer Staatsmann und Schriftsteller; gilt als Wegbereiter der romantischen Bewegung in Frankreich (1768-1848)


source_id: ili:i94710
language: en
text:
Russian dramatist whose plays are concerned with the difficulty of communication between people (1860-1904)


source_id: ili:i94713
language: en
text:
conservative English writer of the Roman Catholic persuasion; in addition to volumes of criticism and polemics he wrote detective novels featuring Father Brown (1874-1936)


source_id: ili:i94715
language: en
text:
Chinese military and political figure; in the Chinese civil war that followed World War II he was defeated by the Chinese communists and in 1949 was forced to withdraw to Taiwan where he served as president of Nationalist China until his death (1897-1975)


source_id: ili:i94716
language: en
text:
a British cabinetmaker remembered for his graceful designs (especially of chairs) which influenced his contemporaries (1718-1779)


source_id: ili:i94717
language: en
text:
Italian painter (born in Greece) whose deep shadows and barren landscapes strongly influenced the surrealists (1888-1978)


source_id: ili:i94718
language: en
text:
United States linguist whose theory of generative grammar redefined the field of linguistics (born 1928)


source_id: ili:i94723
language: en
text:
British statesman and leader during World War II; received Nobel prize for literature in 1953 (1874-1965)


source_id: ili:i94727
language: en
text:
painter of the Florentine school; anticipated the move from Byzantine to naturalistic art (1240-1302)


source_id: ili:i94728
language: en
text:
Roman statesman regarded as a model of simple virtue; he twice was called to assume dictatorship of Rome and each time retired to his farm (519-438 BC)


source_id: ili:i94730
language: en
text:
United States psychologist (born in Panama) whose research persuaded the Supreme Court that segregated schools were discriminatory (1914-2005)


source_id: ili:i94731
language: en
text:
United States general who was Allied commander in Africa and Italy in World War II and was commander of the United Nations forces in Korea (1896-1984)


source_id: ili:i94732
language: en
text:
United States explorer who (with Meriwether Lewis) led an expedition from St. Louis to the mouth of the Columbia River; Clark was responsible for making maps of the area (1770-1838)


source_id: ili:i94733
language: en
text:
Roman Emperor after his nephew Caligula was murdered; consolidated the Roman Empire and conquered southern Britain; was poisoned by his fourth wife Agrippina after her son Nero was named as Claudius' heir (10 BC to AD 54)


source_id: ili:i94734
language: en
text:
Prussian general and military theorist who proposed a doctrine of total war and war as an extension of diplomacy (1780-1831)


source_id: ili:i94735
language: en
text:
United States politician responsible for the Missouri Compromise between free and slave states (1777-1852)


source_id: ili:i94736
language: en
text:
United States general who commanded United States forces in Europe from 1945 to 1949 and who oversaw the Berlin airlift (1897-1978)


source_id: ili:i94737
language: en
text:
ancient Greek philosopher who succeeded Zeno of Citium as the leader of the Stoic school (300-232 BC)


source_id: ili:i94739
language: en
text:
United States writer and humorist best known for his novels about Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn (1835-1910)


source_id: ili:i94740
language: en
text:
Italian antipope from 1080 to 1100 who was installed as pope by the Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV who consistently opposed efforts at papal reform (died in 1100)


source_id: ili:i94741
language: en
text:
Italian pope from 1523 to 1534 who broke with Henry VIII of England after Henry VIII divorced Catherine of Aragon and married Anne Boleyn (1478-1534)


source_id: ili:i94743
language: en
text:
Italian pope from 1769 to 1774 who lost whatever support remained of Catholic Europe, causing the church to fall into the hands of secular princes (1705-1774)


source_id: ili:i94744
language: en
text:
beautiful and charismatic queen of Egypt; mistress of Julius Caesar and later of Mark Antony; killed herself to avoid capture by Octavian (69-30 BC)


source_id: ili:i94746
language: en
text:
American geneticist who succeeded in transferring a functioning gene from one mouse to another (born in 1934)


source_id: ili:i94747
language: en
text:
United States politician who as governor of New York supported the project to build the Erie Canal (1769-1828)


source_id: ili:i94750
language: en
text:
British general and statesman whose victory at Plassey in 1757 strengthened British control of India (1725-1774)


source_id: ili:i94751
language: en
text:
king of the Franks who unified Gaul and established his capital at Paris and founded the Frankish monarchy; his name was rendered as Gallic `Louis' (466-511)


source_id: ili:i94754
language: en
text:
United States aviator who held several speed records and headed the women's Air Force pilots in World War II (1910-1980)


source_id: ili:i94759
language: en
text:
German botanist who is generally recognized as founding bacteriology when he recognized bacteria as plants


source_id: ili:i94763
language: en
text:
Italian navigator who discovered the New World in the service of Spain while looking for a route to China (1451-1506)


source_id: ili:i94765
language: en
text:
United States physicist noted for research on x-rays and gamma rays and nuclear energy; his observation that X-rays behave like miniature bowling balls in their interactions with electrons provided evidence for the quantal nature of light (1892-1962)


source_id: ili:i94766
language: en
text:
United States reformer who led moral crusades against art and literature that he considered obscene (1844-1915)


source_id: ili:i94767
language: en
text:
French philosopher remembered as the founder of positivism; he also established sociology as a systematic field of study


source_id: ili:i94770
language: en
text:
Chinese philosopher whose ideas and sayings were collected after his death and became the basis of a philosophical doctrine known a Confucianism (circa 551-478 BC)


source_id: ili:i94772
language: en
text:
United States tennis player who was the first woman to win the United States, British, French, and Australian championships in the same year (1953) (1934-1969)


source_id: ili:i94776
language: en
text:
Emperor of Rome who stopped the persecution of Christians and in 324 made Christianity the official religion of the Roman Empire; in 330 he moved his capital from Rome to Byzantium and renamed it Constantinople (280-337)


source_id: ili:i94777
language: en
text:
English navigator who claimed the east coast of Australia for Britain and discovered several Pacific islands (1728-1779)


source_id: ili:i94778
language: en
text:
United States financier who marketed Union bonds to finance the American Civil War; the failure of his bank resulted in a financial panic in 1873 (1821-1905)


source_id: ili:i94780
language: en
text:
elected vice president and succeeded as 30th President of the United States when Harding died in 1923 (1872-1933)


source_id: ili:i94782
language: de
text:
US-amerikanischer Filmschauspieler, bekannt für seine Darstellungen von starken Stummfilmhelden (1901-1961)


source_id: ili:i94783
language: en
text:
United States industrialist who built the first American locomotive; founded Cooper Union in New York City to offer free courses in the arts and sciences (1791-1883)


source_id: ili:i94784
language: en
text:
Polish astronomer who produced a workable model of the solar system with the sun in the center (1473-1543)


source_id: ili:i94786
language: en
text:
American painter who did portraits of Paul Revere and John Hancock before fleeing to England to avoid the American Revolution (1738-1815)


source_id: ili:i94793
language: en
text:
United States businessman who unified the telegraph system in the United States and who in 1865 (with Andrew D. White) founded Cornell University (1807-1874)


source_id: ili:i94795
language: en
text:
commander of the British forces in the American War of Independence; was defeated by American and French troops at Yorktown (1738-1805)


source_id: ili:i948
language: de
text:
(von Geschwindigkeit) mit einer Geschwindigkeit, die ungefähr der Schallgeschwindigkeit in Luft auf Meereshöhe entspricht


source_id: ili:i94800
language: en
text:
French psychotherapist who claimed that if one imagined one was getting better, one would get better (1857-1926)


source_id: ili:i94801
language: en
text:
French physicist famous for his discoveries in the field of electricity and magnetism; formulated Coulomb's Law (1736-1806)


source_id: ili:i94814
language: en
text:
a chief of the Sioux who resisted the invasion of the Black Hills and joined Sitting Bull in the defeat of General Custer at Little Bighorn (1849-1877)


source_id: ili:i94816
language: en
text:
English biochemist who (with Watson in 1953) helped discover the helical structure of DNA (1916-2004)


source_id: ili:i94817
language: en
text:
patron saint of shoemakers; he and his brother were martyred for trying to spread Christianity (3rd century)


source_id: ili:i94820
language: en
text:
United States physician who specialized in diseases of the intestines; he was the first to describe regional ileitis which is now known as Crohn's disease (1884-1983)


source_id: ili:i94823
language: en
text:
English chemist and physicist; discovered thallium; invented the radiometer and studied cathode rays (1832-1919)


source_id: ili:i94830
language: en
text:
French chemist (born in Poland) who won two Nobel prizes; one (with her husband and Henri Becquerel) for research on radioactivity and another for her discovery of radium and polonium (1867-1934)


source_id: ili:i94832
language: en
text:
American chemist who with Richard Smalley and Harold Kroto discovered fullerenes and opened a new branch of chemistry (born in 1933)


source_id: ili:i94833
language: en
text:
United States lithographer who (with his partner James Ives) produced thousands of prints signed `Currier & Ives' (1813-1888)


source_id: ili:i94836
language: en
text:
United States neurologist noted for his study of the brain and pituitary gland and who identified Cushing's syndrome (1869-1939)


source_id: ili:i94837
language: en
text:
United States general who was killed along with all his command by the Sioux at the Battle of Little Bighorn (1839-1876)


source_id: ili:i94840
language: en
text:
a French soldier and dramatist remembered chiefly for fighting many duels (often over the size of his nose); was immortalized in 1897 in a play by Edmond Rostand (1619-1655)


source_id: ili:i94844
language: en
text:
Austrian virtuoso pianist and composer of many works for the piano; studied with Beethoven and was a teacher of Liszt (1791-1857)


source_id: ili:i94845
language: en
text:
Portuguese navigator who led an expedition around the Cape of Good Hope in 1497; he sighted and named Natal on Christmas Day before crossing the Indian Ocean (1469-1524)


source_id: ili:i94847
language: en
text:
German engineer and automobile manufacturer who produced the first high-speed internal combustion engine (1834-1900)


source_id: ili:i94849
language: en
text:
English chemist and physicist who formulated atomic theory and the law of partial pressures; gave the first description of red-green color blindness (1766-1844)


source_id: ili:i9485
language: en
text:
belonging to times long past especially of the historical period before the fall of the Western Roman Empire


source_id: ili:i9485
language: it
text:
appartenente a un periodo storico molto remoto, generalmente compreso tra l'inizio della civiltà greca e la fine dell'impero romano


source_id: ili:i94850
language: en
text:
the Greek courtier to Dionysius the Elder who (according to legend) was condemned to sit under a naked sword that was suspended by a hair in order to demonstrate to him that being a king was not the happy state Damocles had said it was (4th century BC)


source_id: ili:i94852
language: en
text:
(Old Testament) a youth who was taken into the court of Nebuchadnezzar and given divine protection when thrown into a den of lions (6th century BC)


source_id: ili:i94853
language: en
text:
an Italian poet famous for writing the Divine Comedy that describes a journey through Hell and purgatory and paradise guided by Virgil and his idealized Beatrice (1265-1321)


source_id: ili:i94854
language: en
text:
French revolutionary leader who stormed the Paris bastille and who supported the execution of Louis XVI but was guillotined by Robespierre for his opposition to the Reign of Terror (1759-1794)


source_id: ili:i94855
language: en
text:
king of Persia who expanded the Persian Empire and invaded Greece but was defeated at the battle of Marathon (550-486 BC)


source_id: ili:i94856
language: en
text:
king of Persia who was defeated by Alexander the Great; his murder effectively ended the Persian Empire (died in 330 BC)


source_id: ili:i94860
language: en
text:
(Old Testament) the 2nd king of the Israelites; as a young shepherd he fought Goliath (a giant Philistine warrior) and killed him by hitting him in the head with a stone flung from a sling; he united Israel with Jerusalem as its capital; many of the Psalms are attributed to David (circa 1000-962 BC)


source_id: ili:i94864
language: en
text:
United States tennis player who donated the Davis Cup for international team tennis competition (1879-1945)


source_id: ili:i94865
language: en
text:
American statesman; president of the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War (1808-1889)


source_id: ili:i94868
language: en
text:
English chemist who was a pioneer in electrochemistry and who used it to isolate elements sodium and potassium and barium and boron and calcium and magnesium and chlorine (1778-1829)


source_id: ili:i94870
language: en
text:
American patriot who rode with Paul Revere to warn that the British were advancing on Lexington and Concord (1745-1799)


source_id: ili:i94874
language: en
text:
United States heart surgeon who in 1966 implanted the first artificial heart in a human patient (born in 1908)


source_id: ili:i94878
language: en
text:
Emperor of Rome who was proclaimed emperor against his will; his reign was notable for his severe persecution of Christians (201-251)


source_id: ili:i94879
language: en
text:
United States industrialist who manufactured plows suitable for working the prairie soil (1804-1886)


source_id: ili:i94881
language: en
text:
United States electrical engineer who in 1907 patented the first triode vacuum tube, which made it possible to detect and amplify radio waves (1873-1961)


source_id: ili:i94883
language: en
text:
French general and statesman who became very popular during World War II as the leader of the Free French forces in exile (1890-1970)


source_id: ili:i94885
language: en
text:
United States painter (born in the Netherlands) who was a leading American exponent of abstract expressionism (1904-1997)


source_id: ili:i94890
language: en
text:
(Old Testament) the Philistine mistress of Samson who betrayed him by cutting off his hair and so deprived him of his strength


source_id: ili:i94892
language: en
text:
French royal architect who built the Tuileries Palace and Gardens in Paris for Catherine de Medicis (1515-1570)


source_id: ili:i94893
language: en
text:
son of Antigonus Cyclops and king of Macedonia; he and his father were defeated at the battle of Ipsus (337-283 BC)


source_id: ili:i94895
language: en
text:
United States film maker remembered for his extravagant and spectacular epic productions (1881-1959)


source_id: ili:i94905
language: en
text:
Swiss linguist and expert in historical linguistics whose lectures laid the foundations for synchronic linguistics (1857-1913)


source_id: ili:i94906
language: en
text:
French philosopher and mathematician; developed dualistic theory of mind and matter; introduced the use of coordinates to locate a point in two or three dimensions (1596-1650)


source_id: ili:i94908
language: en
text:
Irish statesman (born in the United States); as president of the Irish Free State he was responsible for the new constitution of 1937 that created the state of Eire (1882-1975)


source_id: ili:i94909
language: en
text:
Dutch botanist who rediscovered Mendel's laws and developed the mutation theory of evolution (1848-1935)


source_id: ili:i94910
language: en
text:
Scottish chemist and physicist noted for his work in cryogenics and his invention of the Dewar flask (1842-1923)


source_id: ili:i94914
language: en
text:
Russian ballet impresario who founded the Russian ballet and later introduced it to the West (1872-1929)


source_id: ili:i94915
language: en
text:
English aristocrat who was the first wife of Prince Charles; her death in an automobile accident in Paris produced intense national mourning (1961-1997)


source_id: ili:i94915
language: de
text:
Englische Aristokratin, die erste Ehefrau von Prinz Charles; ihr Tod bei einem Autounfall in Paris löste intensive Staatstrauer aus (1961-1997)


source_id: ili:i94916
language: en
text:
French noblewoman who was the mistress of Henry II; she had more influence over him than did his wife Catherine de Medicis (1499-1566)


source_id: ili:i94917
language: en
text:
Portuguese explorer who in 1488 was the first European to get round the Cape of Good Hope (thus establishing a sea route from the Atlantic to Asia) (1450-1500)


source_id: ili:i94920
language: en
text:
French philosopher who was a leading figure of the Enlightenment in France; principal editor of an encyclopedia that disseminated the scientific and philosophical knowledge of the time (1713-1784)


source_id: ili:i94923
language: en
text:
United States film actress (born in Germany) who made many films with Josef von Sternberg and later was a successful cabaret star (1901-1992)


source_id: ili:i94923
language: de
text:
US-amerikanische Filmschauspielerin (geboren in Deutschland), die viele Filme mit Josef von Sternberg drehte und später ein erfolgreicher Kabarettstar war (1901-1992)


source_id: ili:i94925
language: en
text:
Danish writer who lived in Kenya for 19 years and is remembered for her writings about Africa (1885-1962)


source_id: ili:i94926
language: en
text:
Roman Emperor who when faced with military problems decided in 286 to divide the Roman Empire between himself in the east and Maximian in the west; he initiated the last persecution of the Christians in 303 (245-313)


source_id: ili:i94930
language: en
text:
French couturier whose first collection in 1947 created a style that became known as the New Look (1905-1957)


source_id: ili:i94931
language: en
text:
English theoretical physicist who applied relativity theory to quantum mechanics and predicted the existence of antimatter and the positron (1902-1984)


source_id: ili:i94932
language: en
text:
United States film maker who pioneered animated cartoons and created such characters as Mickey Mouse and Donald Duck; founded Disneyland (1901-1966)


source_id: ili:i94933
language: en
text:
British statesman who as Prime Minister bought controlling interest in the Suez Canal and made Queen Victoria the empress of India (1804-1881)


source_id: ili:i94934
language: en
text:
United States social reformer who pioneered in the reform of prisons and in the treatment of the mentally ill; superintended women army nurses during the American Civil War (1802-1887)


source_id: ili:i94936
language: en
text:
United States electrical engineer who devised the Dolby system used to reduce background noise in tape recording


source_id: ili:i94938
language: en
text:
(Roman Catholic Church) Spanish priest who founded an order whose members became known as Dominicans or Black Friars (circa 1170-1221)


source_id: ili:i94940
language: en
text:
Emperor of Rome; son of Vespasian who succeeded his brother Titus; instigated a reign of terror and was assassinated as a tyrant (51-96)


source_id: ili:i94942
language: en
text:
Roman grammarian whose textbook on Latin grammar was used throughout the Middle Ages (fourth century)


source_id: ili:i94945
language: en
text:
English engineer who developed a method of preserving food by sterilizing it with heat and sealing it inside a steel container--the first tin can (1768-1855)


source_id: ili:i94947
language: en
text:
United States Air Force officer who electrified the world in 1942 by leading a squadron of 16 bombers on a daylight raid over Tokyo (1896-1993)


source_id: ili:i94951
language: en
text:
United States politician who proposed that individual territories be allowed to decide whether they would have slavery; he engaged in a famous series of debates with Abraham Lincoln (1813-1861)


source_id: ili:i94952
language: en
text:
United States abolitionist who escaped from slavery and became an influential writer and lecturer in the North (1817-1895)


source_id: ili:i94953
language: en
text:
British marshal of the RAF who commanded the British air defense forces that defeated the Luftwaffe during the Battle of Britain (1882-1970)


source_id: ili:i94956
language: en
text:
United States landscape architect who designed the grounds of the White House and the Capitol Building (1815-1852)


source_id: ili:i94957
language: en
text:
English impresario who brought Gilbert and Sullivan together and produced many of their operettas in London (1844-1901)


source_id: ili:i94958
language: en
text:
Athenian lawmaker whose code of laws prescribed death for almost every offense (circa 7th century BC)


source_id: ili:i94959
language: en
text:
English explorer and admiral who was the first Englishman to circumnavigate the globe and who helped to defeat the Spanish Armada (1540-1596)


source_id: ili:i94962
language: en
text:
French army officer of Jewish descent whose false imprisonment for treason in 1894 raised issues of anti-Semitism that dominated French politics until his release in 1906 (1859-1935)


source_id: ili:i94964
language: en
text:
courtier and influential mistress of Louis XV who was guillotined during the French Revolution (1743-1793)


source_id: ili:i94965
language: en
text:
United States civil rights leader and political activist who campaigned for equality for Black Americans (1868-1963)


source_id: ili:i94966
language: en
text:
French artist who immigrated to the United States; a leader in the dada movement in New York City; was first to exhibit commonplace objects as art (1887-1968)


source_id: ili:i94969
language: en
text:
United States diplomat who (as Secretary of State) pursued a policy of opposition to the USSR by providing aid to American allies (1888-1959)


source_id: ili:i94982
language: en
text:
son and successor of Francois Duvalier as president of Haiti; he was overthrown by a mass uprising in 1986 (born in 1951)


source_id: ili:i94986
language: en
text:
first woman aviator to fly solo nonstop across the Atlantic (1928); while attempting to fly around the world she disappeared over the Pacific (1898-1937)


source_id: ili:i94987
language: en
text:
United States inventor of a dry-plate process of developing photographic film and of flexible film (his firm introduced roll film) and of the box camera and of a process for color photography (1854-1932)


source_id: ili:i94988
language: en
text:
Australian physiologist noted for his research on the conduction of impulses by nerve cells (1903-1997)


source_id: ili:i94994
language: en
text:
the younger brother of Edwy who became king of Northumbria when it renounced Edwy; on Edwy's death he succeeded to the throne of England (944-975)


source_id: ili:i94995
language: en
text:
United States inventor; inventions included the phonograph and incandescent electric light and the microphone and the Kinetoscope (1847-1931)


source_id: ili:i94996
language: en
text:
king of the English who succeeded Athelstan; he drove out the Danes and made peace with Scotland (921-946)


source_id: ili:i94997
language: en
text:
king of the English who led resistance to Canute but was defeated and forced to divide the kingdom with Canute (980-1016)


source_id: ili:i94998
language: en
text:
son of Edward III who defeated the French at Crecy and Poitiers in the Hundred Years' War (1330-1376)


source_id: ili:i95001
language: en
text:
King of England from 1307 to 1327 and son of Edward I; was defeated at Bannockburn by the Scots led by Robert the Bruce; was deposed and died in prison (1284-1327)


source_id: ili:i95002
language: en
text:
son of Edward II and King of England from 1327-1377; his claim to the French throne provoked the Hundred Years' War; his reign was marked by an epidemic of the Black Plague and by the emergence of the House of Commons as the powerful arm of British Parliament (1312-1377)


source_id: ili:i95003
language: en
text:
King of England from 1461 to 1470 and from 1471 to 1483; was dethroned in 1470 but regained the throne in 1471 by his victory at the battle of Tewkesbury (1442-1483)


source_id: ili:i95004
language: en
text:
King of England who was crowned at the age of 13 on the death of his father Edward IV but was immediately confined to the Tower of London where he and his younger brother were murdered (1470-1483)


source_id: ili:i95005
language: en
text:
King of England and Ireland from 1547 to 1553; son of Henry VIII and Jane Seymour; died of tuberculosis (1537-1553)


source_id: ili:i95006
language: en
text:
King of England from 1901 to 1910; son of Victoria and Prince Albert; famous for his elegant sporting ways (1841-1910)


source_id: ili:i95007
language: en
text:
King of England and Ireland in 1936; his marriage to Wallis Warfield Simpson created a constitutional crisis leading to his abdication (1894-1972)


source_id: ili:i95008
language: en
text:
American theologian whose sermons and writings stimulated a period of renewed interest in religion in America (1703-1758)


source_id: ili:i95009
language: en
text:
son of Ethelred the Unready; King of England from 1042 to 1066; he founded Westminster Abbey where he was eventually buried (1003-1066)


source_id: ili:i95010
language: en
text:
king of Wessex whose military success against the Danes made it possible for his son Athelstan to become the first king of all England (870-924)


source_id: ili:i95011
language: en
text:
King of England who was a son of Edgar; he was challenged for the throne by supporters of his half-brother Ethelred II who eventually murdered him (963-978)


source_id: ili:i95014
language: en
text:
king of Wessex whose military victories made Wessex the most powerful kingdom in England (died in 839)


source_id: ili:i95017
language: en
text:
German bacteriologist who found a `magic bullet' to cure syphilis and was a pioneer in the study of immunology (1854-1915)


source_id: ili:i95018
language: en
text:
Austrian who became the Nazi official who administered the concentration camps where millions of Jews were murdered during World War II (1906-1962)


source_id: ili:i95022
language: en
text:
physicist born in Germany who formulated the special theory of relativity and the general theory of relativity; Einstein also proposed that light consists of discrete quantized bundles of energy (later called photons) (1879-1955)


source_id: ili:i95024
language: en
text:
United States general who supervised the invasion of Normandy and the defeat of Nazi Germany; 34th President of the United States (1890-1961)


source_id: ili:i95025
language: en
text:
United States photographer (born in Germany) whose unposed documentary photographs created photojournalism (born in 1898)


source_id: ili:i95026
language: en
text:
Russian film maker who pioneered the use of montage and is considered among the most influential film makers in the history of motion pictures (1898-1948)


source_id: ili:i95028
language: en
text:
queen of France as the wife of Louis VII; that marriage was annulled in 1152 and she then married Henry II and became Queen of England (1122-1204)


source_id: ili:i95029
language: en
text:
British composer of choral and orchestral works including two symphonies as well as songs and chamber music and music for brass band (1857-1934)


source_id: ili:i95030
language: en
text:
Spanish painter (born in Greece) remembered for his religious works characterized by elongated human forms and dramatic use of color (1541-1614)


source_id: ili:i95031
language: en
text:
a Hebrew prophet in the Old Testament who opposed the worship of idols; he was persecuted for rebuking Ahab and Jezebel (king and queen of Israel); he was taken up to heaven in a chariot of fire (circa 9th century BC)


source_id: ili:i95032
language: en
text:
British writer of novels characterized by realistic analysis of provincial Victorian society (1819-1880)


source_id: ili:i95033
language: en
text:
British poet (born in the United States) who won the Nobel prize for literature; his plays are outstanding examples of modern verse drama (1888-1965)


source_id: ili:i95034
language: en
text:
Queen of England from 1558 to 1603; daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn; she succeeded Mary I (who was a Catholic) and restored Protestantism to England; during her reign Mary Queen of Scots was executed and the Spanish Armada was defeated; her reign was marked by prosperity and literary genius (1533-1603)


source_id: ili:i95035
language: en
text:
daughter of George VI who became the Queen of England and Northern Ireland in 1952 on the death of her father (1926-)


source_id: ili:i95037
language: en
text:
United States novelist who wrote about a young Black man and his struggles in American society (1914-1994)


source_id: ili:i95040
language: en
text:
Greek philosopher who taught that all matter is composed of particles of fire and water and air and earth (fifth century BC)


source_id: ili:i95045
language: en
text:
Greek philosopher who believed that the world is a random combination of atoms and that pleasure is the highest good (341-270 BC)


source_id: ili:i95046
language: en
text:
British sculptor (born in the United States) noted for busts and large controversial works (1880-1959)


source_id: ili:i95047
language: en
text:
Dutch humanist and theologian who was the leading Renaissance scholar of northern Europe; although his criticisms of the Roman Catholic Church led to the Reformation, he opposed violence and condemned Martin Luther (1466-1536)


source_id: ili:i95048
language: en
text:
Greek mathematician and astronomer who estimated the circumference of the earth and the distances to the Moon and sun (276-194 BC)


source_id: ili:i95050
language: en
text:
painter (born in Germany, resident of France and the United States) who was a cofounder of dadaism; developed the technique of collage (1891-1976)


source_id: ili:i95053
language: en
text:
(Old Testament) the eldest son of Isaac who would have inherited the covenant that God made with Abraham and that Abraham passed on to Isaac; he traded his birthright to his twin brother Jacob for a mess of pottage


source_id: ili:i95054
language: en
text:
(Old Testament) a beautiful Jewess chosen by the king of Persia to be his queen; she stopped a plot to massacre all the Jews in Persia (an event celebrated by Jews as the feast of Purim)


source_id: ili:i95055
language: en
text:
Anglo-Saxon king of Kent who was converted to Christianity by Saint Augustine; codified English law (552-616)


source_id: ili:i95056
language: en
text:
king of Wessex and Kent and elder brother of Alfred; Alfred joined Ethelred's battle against the invading Danes and succeeded him on his death (died in 871)


source_id: ili:i95057
language: en
text:
king of the English who succeeded to the throne after his half-brother Edward the Martyr was murdered; he struggled unsuccessfully against the invading Danes (969-1016)


source_id: ili:i95059
language: en
text:
Austrian general in the service of the Holy Roman Empire during the War of the Spanish Succession (1663-1736)


source_id: ili:i95062
language: en
text:
Christian bishop of Caesarea in Palestine; a church historian and a leading early Christian exegete (circa 270-340)


source_id: ili:i95063
language: en
text:
Italian anatomist who was one of the fathers of modern anatomy; noted for descriptions of the ear and the heart (1520-1574)


source_id: ili:i95064
language: en
text:
British archaeologist who excavated the palace of Knossos in Crete to find what he called Minoan civilization (1851-1941)


source_id: ili:i95067
language: en
text:
United States tennis player who won women's singles titles in the United States and at Wimbledon (born in 1954)


source_id: ili:i95068
language: en
text:
Flemish painter who was a founder of the Flemish school of painting and who pioneered modern techniques of oil painting (1390-1441)


source_id: ili:i95069
language: en
text:
a British psychologist (born in Germany) noted for his theories of intelligence and personality and for his strong criticism of Freudian psychoanalysis


source_id: ili:i95072
language: en
text:
Russian goldsmith noted for creating a series of jeweled and enameled Easter eggs for European royalty (1846-1920)


source_id: ili:i95074
language: en
text:
German physicist who invented the mercury thermometer and developed the scale of temperature that bears his name (1686-1736)


source_id: ili:i95083
language: en
text:
United States civil rights leader who in 1942 founded the Congress of Racial Equality (born in 1920)


source_id: ili:i95088
language: en
text:
youngest daughter of the prophet Mohammed and wife of the fourth calif Ali; revered especially by Shiite Muslims (606-632)


source_id: ili:i95089
language: en
text:
United States novelist (originally Falkner) who wrote about people in the southern United States (1897-1962)


source_id: ili:i95090
language: en
text:
English conspirator who was executed for his role in a plot to blow up James I and the Houses of Parliament (1570-1606)


source_id: ili:i95091
language: en
text:
German physicist who founded psychophysics; derived Fechner's law on the basis of early work by E. H. Weber (1801-1887)


source_id: ili:i95095
language: en
text:
king of Castile and Leon who achieved control of the Moorish kings of Saragossa and Seville and Toledo (1016-1065)


source_id: ili:i95097
language: en
text:
Holy Roman Emperor and king of Bohemia and Hungary who waged war against Protestant forces (1578-1637)


source_id: ili:i95098
language: en
text:
Holy Roman Emperor and king of Hungary and Bohemia who signed the Peace of Westphalia ending the Thirty Years' War (1608-1657)


source_id: ili:i95099
language: en
text:
the king of Castile and Aragon who ruled jointly with his wife Isabella; his marriage to Isabella I in 1469 marked the beginning of the modern state of Spain and their capture of Granada from the Moors in 1492 united Spain as one country; they instituted the Spanish Inquisition in 1478 and supported the expedition of Christopher Columbus in 1492 (1452-1516)


source_id: ili:i95100
language: en
text:
French mathematician who founded number theory; contributed (with Pascal) to the theory of probability (1601-1665)


source_id: ili:i95101
language: en
text:
Italian nuclear physicist (in the United States after 1939) who worked on artificial radioactivity caused by neutron bombardment and who headed the group that in 1942 produced the first controlled nuclear reaction (1901-1954)


source_id: ili:i95102
language: en
text:
United States physicist who contributed to the theory of the interaction of photons and electrons (1918-1988)


source_id: ili:i95106
language: en
text:
elected vice president and became the 13th President of the United States when Zachary Taylor died in office (1800-1874)


source_id: ili:i95108
language: en
text:
English linguist who contributed to linguistic semantics and to prosodic phonology and who was noted for his insistence on studying both sound and meaning in context (1890-1960)


source_id: ili:i95114
language: en
text:
English poet remembered primarily for his free translation of the poetry of Omar Khayyam (1809-1883)


source_id: ili:i95115
language: en
text:
Roman statesman and general who built the Flaminian Way; died when he was defeated by Hannibal (died 217 BC)


source_id: ili:i95119
language: en
text:
prolific English dramatist who collaborated with Francis Beaumont and many other dramatists (1579-1625)


source_id: ili:i95121
language: en
text:
British pathologist who isolated and purified penicillin, which had been discovered in 1928 by Sir Alexander Fleming (1898-1968)


source_id: ili:i95126
language: en
text:
United States actress (born in England) who married Alfred Lunt and performed with him in many plays (1887-1983)


source_id: ili:i95129
language: en
text:
38th President of the United States; appointed vice president and succeeded Nixon when Nixon resigned (1913-)


source_id: ili:i95135
language: en
text:
United States athlete who revolutionized the high jump by introducing the Fosbury flop in the 1968 Olympics (born in 1947)


source_id: ili:i95136
language: en
text:
United States songwriter whose songs embody the sentiment of the South before the American Civil War (1826-1864)


source_id: ili:i95137
language: en
text:
French physicist who determined the speed of light and showed that it travels slower in water than in air; invented the Foucault pendulum and the gyroscope (1819-1868)


source_id: ili:i95138
language: en
text:
French sociologist and reformer who hoped to achieve universal harmony by reorganizing society (1772-1837)


source_id: ili:i95143
language: en
text:
French artist whose rococo paintings typified the frivolity of life in the royal court of France in the 18th century (1732-1806)


source_id: ili:i95146
language: en
text:
archduke of Austria and heir apparent to Francis Joseph I; his assassination at Sarajevo triggered the outbreak of World War I (1863-1914)


source_id: ili:i95147
language: en
text:
emperor of Austria and king of Hungary; was defeated by Napoleon III at the battle of Magenta (1830-1916)


source_id: ili:i95148
language: en
text:
(Roman Catholic Church) an Italian and the Roman Catholic monk who founded the Franciscan order of friars (1181-1226)


source_id: ili:i95149
language: en
text:
United States physicist (born in Germany) who with Gustav Hertz performed an electron scattering experiment that proved the existence of the stationary energy states postulated by Niels Bohr (1882-1964)


source_id: ili:i95151
language: en
text:
Spanish general whose armies took control of Spain in 1939 and who ruled as a dictator until his death (1892-1975)


source_id: ili:i95151
language: de
text:
Spanischer General, dessen Armeen 1939 die Kontrolle über Spanien übernahmen und der bis zu seinem Tod als Diktator regierte (1892-1975)


source_id: ili:i95152
language: en
text:
printer whose success as an author led him to take up politics; he helped draw up the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution; he played a major role in the American Revolution and negotiated French support for the colonists; as a scientist he is remembered particularly for his research in electricity (1706-1790)


source_id: ili:i95155
language: en
text:
Holy Roman Emperor from 1152 to 1190; conceded supremacy to the pope; drowned leading the Third Crusade (1123-1190)


source_id: ili:i95158
language: en
text:
king of Prussia from 1740 to 1786; brought Prussia military prestige by winning the War of the Austrian Succession and the Seven Years' War (1712-1786)


source_id: ili:i95158
language: de
text:
König von Preußen von 1740 bis 1786; brachte Preußen militärisches Ansehen durch den Sieg im Österreichischen Erbfolgekrieg und im Siebenjährigen Krieg (1712-1786)


source_id: ili:i95159
language: en
text:
the Elector of Brandenburg who rebuilt his domain after its destruction during the Thirty Years' War (1620-1688)


source_id: ili:i95160
language: en
text:
son of Frederick I who became king of Prussia in 1713; reformed and strengthened the Prussian army (1688-1740)


source_id: ili:i95165
language: en
text:
United States sculptor who created the seated marble figure of Abraham Lincoln in the Lincoln Memorial in Washington D.C. (1850-1931)


source_id: ili:i95170
language: en
text:
United States economist noted as a proponent of monetarism and for his opposition to government intervention in the economy (born in 1912)


source_id: ili:i95173
language: en
text:
British physicist (born in Austria) who with Lise Meitner recognized that Otto Hahn had produced a new kind of nuclear reaction which they named nuclear fission; Frisch described the explosive potential of a chain nuclear reaction (1904-1979)


source_id: ili:i95174
language: en
text:
English explorer who led an expedition in search of the Northwest Passage to the orient; served under Drake and helped defeat the Spanish Armada (1535-1594)


source_id: ili:i95180
language: en
text:
British physicist who was born in Germany and fled Nazi persecution; in the 1940s he passed secret information to the USSR about the development of the atom bomb in the United States (1911-1988)


source_id: ili:i95182
language: en
text:
South African playwright whose plays feature the racial tensions in South Africa during apartheid (born in 1932)


source_id: ili:i95183
language: en
text:
United States senator who is remembered for his creation of grants that fund exchange programs of teachers and students between the United States and other countries (1905-1995)


source_id: ili:i95186
language: en
text:
American inventor who designed the first commercially successful steamboat and the first steam warship (1765-1815)


source_id: ili:i95187
language: en
text:
United States biochemist (born in Poland) who showed that several diseases were caused by dietary deficiencies and who coined the term `vitamin' for the chemicals involved (1884-1967)


source_id: ili:i95196
language: en
text:
Greek anatomist whose theories formed the basis of European medicine until the Renaissance (circa 130-200)


source_id: ili:i95197
language: en
text:
Italian astronomer and mathematician who was the first to use a telescope to study the stars; demonstrated that different weights descend at the same rate; perfected the refracting telescope that enabled him to make many discoveries (1564-1642)


source_id: ili:i95198
language: en
text:
United States educator who established the first free school in the United States for the hearing impaired (1787-1851)


source_id: ili:i95199
language: en
text:
French mathematician who described the conditions for solving polynomial equations; was killed in a duel at the age of 21 (1811-1832)


source_id: ili:i95201
language: en
text:
English scientist (cousin of Charles Darwin) who explored many fields including heredity, meteorology, statistics, psychology, and anthropology; founder of eugenics and first to use fingerprints for identification (1822-1911)


source_id: ili:i95202
language: en
text:
Italian physiologist noted for his discovery that frogs' muscles contracted in an electric field (which led to the galvanic cell) (1737-1798)


source_id: ili:i95203
language: en
text:
United States physicist (born in Russia) who was a proponent of the big-bang theory and who did research in radioactivity and suggested the triplet code for DNA (1904-1968)


source_id: ili:i95204
language: en
text:
political and spiritual leader during India's struggle with Great Britain for home rule; an advocate of passive resistance (1869-1948)


source_id: ili:i95206
language: de
text:
US-amerikanische Filmschauspielerin (geboren in Schweden), bekannt für ihre Zurückgezogenheit (1905-1990)


source_id: ili:i95207
language: en
text:
Spanish poet and dramatist who was shot dead by Franco's soldiers soon after the start of the Spanish Civil War (1898-1936)


source_id: ili:i95210
language: en
text:
United States collector and patron of art who built a museum in Boston to house her collection and opened it to the public in 1903 (1840-1924)


source_id: ili:i95212
language: en
text:
Italian patriot whose conquest of Sicily and Naples led to the formation of the Italian state (1807-1882)


source_id: ili:i95218
language: en
text:
United States computer entrepreneur whose software company made him the youngest multi-billionaire in the history of the United States (born in 1955)


source_id: ili:i95222
language: en
text:
German mathematician who developed the theory of numbers and who applied mathematics to electricity and magnetism and astronomy and geodesy (1777-1855)


source_id: ili:i95224
language: en
text:
French chemist and physicist who first isolated boron and who formulated the law describing the behavior of gases under constant pressure (1778-1850)


source_id: ili:i95230
language: en
text:
French diplomat who in 1793 tried to draw the United States into the war between France and England (1763-1834)


source_id: ili:i95233
language: en
text:
Welsh chronicler who wrote an account of the kings of Britain which is now believed to contain little historical fact but it is a source of the Arthurian legend (circa 1100-1154)


source_id: ili:i95234
language: en
text:
Elector of Hanover and the first Hanoverian King of Great Britain and Ireland from 1714 to 1727 (1660-1727)


source_id: ili:i95236
language: en
text:
King of Great Britain and Ireland from 1760 to 1820; the American colonies were lost during his reign; he became insane in 1811 and his son (later George IV) acted as regent until 1820 (1738-1820)


source_id: ili:i95237
language: en
text:
King of Great Britain and Ireland and Hanover from 1820 to 1830; his attempt to divorce his estranged wife undermined the prestige of the Crown (1762-1830)


source_id: ili:i95238
language: en
text:
King of Great Britain and Ireland and emperor of India from 1910 to 1936; gave up his German title in 1917 during World War I (1865-1936)


source_id: ili:i95239
language: en
text:
King of Great Britain and Ireland and emperor of India from 1936 to 1947; he succeeded Edward VIII (1895-1952)


source_id: ili:i95240
language: en
text:
Christian martyr; patron saint of England; hero of the legend of Saint George and the Dragon in which he slew a dragon and saved a princess (?-303)


source_id: ili:i95242
language: en
text:
Apache chieftain who raided the white settlers in the Southwest as resistance to being confined to a reservation (1829-1909)


source_id: ili:i95243
language: en
text:
United States composer who incorporated jazz into classical forms and composed scores for musical comedies (1898-1937)


source_id: ili:i95251
language: en
text:
United States tennis player who was the first Black woman player to win all the major world singles titles (1927-2003)


source_id: ili:i95257
language: en
text:
English navigator who in 1583 established in Newfoundland the first English colony in North America (1539-1583)


source_id: ili:i95259
language: en
text:
a librettist who was a collaborator with Sir Arthur Sullivan in a famous series of comic operettas (1836-1911)


source_id: ili:i95266
language: en
text:
Florentine painter who gave up the stiff Byzantine style and developed a more naturalistic style; considered the greatest Italian painter prior to the Renaissance (1267-1337)


source_id: ili:i95274
language: en
text:
made the first orbital rocket-powered flight by a United States astronaut in 1962; later in United States Senate (1921-)


source_id: ili:i95277
language: en
text:
French film maker influenced by surrealism; early work explored the documentary use of film; noted for innovative techniques (born in 1930)


source_id: ili:i95279
language: en
text:
United States mathematician (born in Austria) who is remembered principally for demonstrating the limitations of axiomatic systems (1906-1978)


source_id: ili:i95280
language: en
text:
according to legend she rode naked through Coventry in order to persuade her husband not to tax the townspeople so heavily; the only person to look at her as she rode by was a man named Tom and Peeping Tom has become a synonym for voyeur (circa 1040-1080)


source_id: ili:i95283
language: en
text:
United States army officer and engineer who supervised the construction of the Panama Canal (1858-1928)


source_id: ili:i95286
language: en
text:
United States cartoonist who drew intricate diagrams of very complicated and impractical contraptions that accomplished little or nothing (1883-1970)


source_id: ili:i95288
language: en
text:
United States anarchist (born in Russia) who opposed conscription; was deported to the Soviet Union in 1919 (1869-1940)


source_id: ili:i95289
language: en
text:
United States inventor (born in Hungary) who made the first TV broadcast in 1940 and invented the long-playing record in 1948 and pioneered videocassette recording (1906-1977)


source_id: ili:i95292
language: en
text:
United States film maker (born in Poland) who founded his own film company and later merged with Louis B. Mayer (1882-1974)


source_id: ili:i95293
language: en
text:
Italian histologist noted for work on the structure of the nervous system and for his discovery of Golgi bodies (1844-1926)


source_id: ili:i95296
language: en
text:
United States labor leader (born in England) who was president of the American Federation of Labor from 1886 to 1924 (1850-1924)


source_id: ili:i95297
language: en
text:
French writer who collaborated with his brother Jules de Goncourt on many books and who in his will established the Prix Goncourt (1822-1896)


source_id: ili:i95302
language: en
text:
United States clarinetist who in 1934 formed a big band (including black as well as white musicians) and introduced a kind of jazz known as swing (1909-1986)


source_id: ili:i95304
language: en
text:
Soviet statesman whose foreign policy brought an end to the Cold War and whose domestic policy introduced major reforms (born in 1931)


source_id: ili:i95305
language: en
text:
South African novelist and short-story writer whose work describes the effects of apartheid (born in 1923)


source_id: ili:i95308
language: en
text:
United States Army surgeon who suppressed yellow fever in Havana and in the Panama Canal Zone (1854-1920)


source_id: ili:i95309
language: de
text:
Deutscher Politiker in Nazi-Deutschland, der die Gestapo gründete und Deutschland für den Krieg mobilisierte (1893-1946)


source_id: ili:i95312
language: en
text:
United States financier who gained control of the Erie Canal and who caused a financial panic in 1869 when he attempted to corner the gold market (1836-1892)


source_id: ili:i95317
language: en
text:
United States dancer and choreographer whose work was noted for its austerity and technical rigor (1893-1991)


source_id: ili:i9532
language: en
text:
showing patient and unruffled self-control and restraint under adversity; slow to retaliate or express resentment


source_id: ili:i95320
language: en
text:
United States composer (born in Australia) who lived in London and collected English folk songs (1882-1961)


source_id: ili:i95321
language: en
text:
Danish physician and bacteriologist who developed a method of staining bacteria to distinguish among them (1853-1938)


source_id: ili:i95322
language: en
text:
18th President of the United States; commander of the Union armies in the American Civil War (1822-1885)


source_id: ili:i95325
language: en
text:
English actor and dramatist and critic and director noted for his productions of Shakespearean plays (1877-1946)


source_id: ili:i95329
language: en
text:
United States botanist who specialized in North American flora and who was an early supporter of Darwin's theories of evolution (1810-1888)


source_id: ili:i95330
language: en
text:
American navigator who twice circumnavigated the globe and who discovered the Columbia River (1755-1806)


source_id: ili:i95332
language: en
text:
English radiobiologist in whose honor the gray (the SI unit of energy for the absorbed dose of radiation) was named (1905-1965)


source_id: ili:i95334
language: en
text:
United States labor leader who was president of the American Federation of Labor from 1924 to 1952 and who led the struggle with the Congress of Industrial Organizations (1873-1952)


source_id: ili:i95337
language: en
text:
(Roman Catholic Church) an Italian pope distinguished for his spiritual and temporal leadership; a saint and Doctor of the Church (540?-604)


source_id: ili:i95338
language: en
text:
the Italian pope who fought to establish the supremacy of the pope over the Roman Catholic Church and the supremacy of the church over the state (1020-1085)


source_id: ili:i95339
language: en
text:
the Italian pope from 1406 to 1415 who worked to end the Great Schism and who retired to make it possible (1327-1417)


source_id: ili:i95341
language: en
text:
Italian pope from 1831 to 1846; conservative in politics and theology; worked to propagate Catholicism in England and the United States (1765-1846)


source_id: ili:i95342
language: en
text:
(Roman Catholic Church) a church father known for his constant fight against perceived heresies; a saint and Doctor of the Church (329-391)


source_id: ili:i95345
language: en
text:
Englishman who as Prime Minister implemented social reforms including the abolition of slavery throughout the British Empire (1764-1845)


source_id: ili:i95346
language: en
text:
Queen of England for nine days in 1553; she was quickly replaced by Mary Tudor and beheaded for treason (1537-1554)


source_id: ili:i95350
language: en
text:
the older of the two Grimm brothers remembered best for their fairy stories; also author of Grimm's law describing consonant changes in Germanic languages (1785-1863)


source_id: ili:i95355
language: en
text:
Dutch jurist and diplomat whose writings established the basis of modern international law (1583-1645)


source_id: ili:i95359
language: en
text:
an Argentine revolutionary leader who was Fidel Castro's chief lieutenant in the Cuban revolution; active in other Latin American countries; was captured and executed by the Bolivian army (1928-1967)


source_id: ili:i95360
language: en
text:
(Arthurian legend) wife of King Arthur; in some versions of the legend she became Lancelot's lover and that led to the end of the Knights of the Round Table


source_id: ili:i95362
language: en
text:
United States industrialist (born in Switzerland) who with his sons established vast mining and metal processing companies (1828-1905)


source_id: ili:i95363
language: en
text:
United States philanthropist; son of Meyer Guggenheim who created several foundations to support the arts (1861-1949)


source_id: ili:i95366
language: en
text:
king of Sweden whose victories in battle made Sweden a European power; his domestic reforms made Sweden a modern state; in 1630 he intervened on the Protestant side of the Thirty Years' War and was killed in the battle of Lutzen (1594-1632)


source_id: ili:i95371
language: en
text:
German printer who was the first in Europe to print using movable type and the first to use a press (1400-1468)


source_id: ili:i95376
language: en
text:
Roman Emperor who was the adoptive son of Trajan; travelled throughout his empire to strengthen its frontiers and encourage learning and architecture; on a visit to Britain in 122 he ordered the construction of Hadrian's Wall (76-138)


source_id: ili:i95377
language: en
text:
German biologist and philosopher; advocated Darwinism and formulated the theory of recapitulation; was an exponent of materialistic monism (1834-1919)


source_id: ili:i9538
language: en
text:
characteristic of a form of social organization in which the male is the family head and title is traced through the male line


source_id: ili:i95384
language: en
text:
Scottish physiologist and brother of Richard Haldane and Elizabeth Haldane; noted for research into industrial diseases (1860-1936)


source_id: ili:i95385
language: en
text:
Scottish geneticist (son of John Haldane) who contributed to the development of population genetics; a popularizer of science and a Marxist (1892-1964)


source_id: ili:i95387
language: en
text:
United States astronomer who discovered that sunspots are associated with strong magnetic fields (1868-1938)


source_id: ili:i95388
language: en
text:
a soldier of the American Revolution who was hanged as a spy by the British; his last words were supposed to have been `I only regret that I have but one life to give for my country' (1755-1776)


source_id: ili:i9539
language: de
text:
(von Gesellschaften), die von der männlichen Linie regiert werden oder deren Abstammung von ihr abhängt


source_id: ili:i95390
language: en
text:
United States writer and Afro-American who wrote a fictionalized account of tracing his family roots back to Africa (1921-1992)


source_id: ili:i95394
language: en
text:
United States chemist who developed an economical method of producing aluminum from bauxite (1863-1914)


source_id: ili:i95395
language: en
text:
United States child psychologist whose theories of child psychology strongly influenced educational psychology (1844-1924)


source_id: ili:i95396
language: en
text:
English writer whose novel about a lesbian relationship was banned in Britain for many years (1883-1943)


source_id: ili:i95396
language: de
text:
Englische Schriftstellerin, deren Roman über eine lesbische Beziehung in Großbritannien viele Jahre lang verboten war (1883-1943)


source_id: ili:i95399
language: en
text:
United States statesman and leader of the Federalists; as the first Secretary of the Treasury he establish a federal bank; was mortally wounded in a duel with Aaron Burr (1755-1804)


source_id: ili:i95403
language: en
text:
Swedish diplomat who greatly extended the influence of the United Nations in peacekeeping matters (1905-1961)


source_id: ili:i95404
language: en
text:
United States lyricist who collaborated on many musical comedies (most successfully with Richard Rodgers) (1895-1960)


source_id: ili:i95409
language: en
text:
American revolutionary patriot who was president of the Continental Congress; was the first signer of the Declaration of Independence (1737-1793)


source_id: ili:i95410
language: en
text:
a prolific British baroque composer (born in Germany) remembered best for his oratorio Messiah (1685-1759)


source_id: ili:i95413
language: en
text:
general who commanded the Carthaginian army in the second Punic War; crossed the Alps and defeated the Romans but was recalled to defend Carthage and was defeated (247-182 BC)


source_id: ili:i95414
language: en
text:
29th President of the United States; two of his appointees were involved in the Teapot Dome scandal (1865-1823)


source_id: ili:i95416
language: en
text:
United States slapstick comedian who played the pompous and overbearing member of the Laurel and Hardy duo who made many films (1892-1957)


source_id: ili:i9542
language: en
text:
(of societies or families) having a female as the family head or having descent traced through the female line


source_id: ili:i9542
language: de
text:
(von Gesellschaften oder Familien) mit einer Frau als Familienoberhaupt oder mit einer Abstammung, die durch die weibliche Linie verfolgt wird


source_id: ili:i95421
language: en
text:
King of England who succeeded Edward the Confessor in 1066 and was the last of the Anglo-Saxon monarchs; he was killed fighting the invasion by William the Conqueror (1045-1066)


source_id: ili:i95423
language: en
text:
United States financier who negotiated a treaty with the Soviet Union banning tests of nuclear weapons (1891-1986)


source_id: ili:i95425
language: en
text:
British marshal of the Royal Air Force; during World War II he directed mass bombing raids against German cities that resulted in heavy civilian casualties (1892-1984)


source_id: ili:i95428
language: en
text:
United States linguist (born in Ukraine) who developed mathematical linguistics and interpreted speech and writing in a social context (1909-1992)


source_id: ili:i95430
language: en
text:
9th President of the United States; caught pneumonia during his inauguration and died shortly after (1773-1841)


source_id: ili:i95434
language: en
text:
English merchant who took over a shop in London that was expanded by his son into a prestigious department store (1800-1885)


source_id: ili:i95435
language: en
text:
English merchant who expanded his father's shop in London into a prestigious department store (1841-1905)


source_id: ili:i95440
language: en
text:
American philanthropist who left his library and half his estate to the Massachusetts college that now bears his name (1607-1638)


source_id: ili:i95441
language: en
text:
English physician and scientist who described the circulation of the blood; he later proposed that all animals originate from an ovum produced by the female of the species (1578-1657)


source_id: ili:i95442
language: en
text:
general who commanded a Carthaginian army in Spain; joined his brother Hannibal in Italy and was killed by the Romans at the battle of Metaurus River (died 207 BC)


source_id: ili:i95446
language: en
text:
United States architect who formed and important architectural firm with John Merven Carrere (1860-1929)


source_id: ili:i95448
language: en
text:
Czech dramatist and statesman whose plays opposed totalitarianism and who served as president of Czechoslovakia from 1989 to 1992 and president of the Czech Republic since 1993 (born in 1936)


source_id: ili:i95451
language: en
text:
English privateer involved in the slave trade; later helped build the fleet that in 1588 defeated the Spanish Armada (1532-1595)


source_id: ili:i95452
language: en
text:
English biochemist who was a pioneer in research on carbohydrates; when he synthesized vitamin C he became the first person to synthesize a vitamin artificially (1883-1950)


source_id: ili:i95455
language: en
text:
English economist (born in Austria) noted for work on the optimum allocation of resources (1899-1992)


source_id: ili:i95456
language: en
text:
19th President of the United States; his administration removed federal troops from the South and so ended the Reconstruction Period (1822-1893)


source_id: ili:i95459
language: en
text:
United States lawyer and politician who formulated a production code that prescribed the moral content of United States films from 1930 to 1966 (1879-1954)


source_id: ili:i95460
language: en
text:
United States labor leader and militant socialist who was one of the founders of the Industrial Workers of the World (1869-1928)


source_id: ili:i95462
language: en
text:
United States newspaper publisher whose introduction of large headlines and sensational reporting changed American journalism (1863-1951)


source_id: ili:i95463
language: en
text:
English physicist and electrical engineer who helped develop telegraphic and telephonic communications; in 1902 (independent of A. E. Kennelly) he suggested the existence of an atmospheric layer that reflects radio waves back to earth (1850-1925)


source_id: ili:i95466
language: en
text:
German philosopher whose three stage process of dialectical reasoning was adopted by Karl Marx (1770-1831)


source_id: ili:i95467
language: en
text:
German philosopher whose views on human existence in a world of objects and on Angst influenced the existential philosophers (1889-1976)


source_id: ili:i95471
language: en
text:
United States novelist whose best known work was a black comedy inspired by his experiences in the Air Force during World War II (1923-1999)


source_id: ili:i95477
language: en
text:
United States guitarist whose innovative style with electric guitars influenced the development of rock music (1942-1970)


source_id: ili:i95479
language: en
text:
a leader of the American Revolution and a famous orator who spoke out against British rule of the American colonies (1736-1799)


source_id: ili:i95480
language: en
text:
English chemist who studied the quantities of gas absorbed by water at different temperatures and under different pressures (1775-1836)


source_id: ili:i95481
language: en
text:
King of England from 1100 to 1135; youngest son of William the Conqueror; conquered Normandy in 1106 (1068-1135)


source_id: ili:i95481
language: de
text:
König von England von 1100 bis 1135; jüngster Sohn von Wilhelm dem Eroberer; Eroberung der Normandie 1106 (1068-1135)


source_id: ili:i95482
language: en
text:
first Plantagenet King of England; instituted judicial and financial reforms; quarreled with archbishop Becket concerning the authority of the Crown over the church (1133-1189)


source_id: ili:i95483
language: en
text:
king of France from 1547 to 1559; regained Calais from the English; husband of Catherine de Medicis and father of Charles IX (1519-1559)


source_id: ili:i95484
language: en
text:
son of King John and king of England from 1216 to 1272; his incompetence aroused baronial opposition led by Simon de Montfort (1207-1272)


source_id: ili:i95486
language: en
text:
the first Lancastrian king of England from 1399 to 1413; deposed Richard II and suppressed rebellions (1367-1413)


source_id: ili:i95488
language: en
text:
king of France from 1589 to 1610; although he was leader of the Huguenot armies, when he succeeded the Catholic Henry III and founded the Bourbon dynasty in 1589 he established religious freedom in France


source_id: ili:i95489
language: en
text:
son of Henry IV and King of England from 1413 to 1422; reopened the Hundred Years' War and defeated the French at Agincourt (1387-1422)


source_id: ili:i95490
language: en
text:
son of Henry V who as an infant succeeded his father and was King of England from 1422 to 1461; he was taken prisoner in 1460 and Edward IV was proclaimed king; he was rescued and regained the throne in 1470 but was recaptured and murdered in the Tower of London (1421-1471)


source_id: ili:i95491
language: en
text:
first Tudor king of England from 1485 to 1509; head of the house of Lancaster in the War of the Roses; defeated Richard III at Bosworth Field and was proclaimed king; married the daughter of Edward IV and so united the houses of York and Lancaster (1457-1509)


source_id: ili:i95493
language: en
text:
son of Henry VII and King of England from 1509 to 1547; his divorce from Catherine of Aragon resulted in his break with the Catholic Church in 1534 and his excommunication 1538, leading to the start of the Reformation in England (1491-1547)


source_id: ili:i95497
language: en
text:
a presocratic Greek philosopher who said that fire is the origin of all things and that permanence is an illusion as all things are in perpetual flux (circa 500 BC)


source_id: ili:i95502
language: en
text:
Greek mathematician and inventor who devised a way to determine the area of a triangle and who described various mechanical devices (first century)


source_id: ili:i95503
language: en
text:
king of Judea who (according to the New Testament) tried to kill Jesus by ordering the death of all children under age two in Bethlehem (73-4 BC)


source_id: ili:i95504
language: en
text:
the ancient Greek known as the father of history; his accounts of the wars between the Greeks and Persians are the first known examples of historical writing (485-425 BC)


source_id: ili:i95506
language: en
text:
English astronomer (born in Germany) who discovered infrared light and who catalogued the stars and discovered the planet Uranus (1738-1822)


source_id: ili:i95507
language: en
text:
English astronomer (son of William Herschel) who extended the catalogue of stars to the southern hemisphere and did pioneering work in photography (1792-1871)


source_id: ili:i95508
language: en
text:
United States confectioner and philanthropist who created the model industrial town of Hershey, Pennsylvania; founded an industrial school for orphan boys (1857-1945)


source_id: ili:i95509
language: en
text:
German physicist who with James Franck proved the existence of the stationary energy states postulated by Bohr (1887-1975)


source_id: ili:i95511
language: en
text:
Canadian physicist (born in Germany) noted for contributions to understanding the structure of molecules (born in 1904)


source_id: ili:i95512
language: en
text:
Greek poet whose existing works describe rural life and the genealogies of the gods and the beginning of the world (eighth century BC)


source_id: ili:i95514
language: en
text:
Nazi leader who in 1941 flew a solo flight to Scotland in an apparent attempt to negotiate a peace treaty with Great Britain but was imprisoned for life (1894-1987)


source_id: ili:i95517
language: en
text:
Swiss writer (born in Germany) whose novels and poems express his interests in eastern spiritual values (1877-1962)


source_id: ili:i95518
language: en
text:
Hungarian chemist who studied radioisotopes and was one of the discoverers of the element hafnium (1885-1966)


source_id: ili:i95530
language: en
text:
New Zealand mountaineer who in 1953 first attained the summit of Mount Everest with his Sherpa guide Tenzing Norgay (born in 1919)


source_id: ili:i95532
language: en
text:
German Nazi who was chief of the SS and the Gestapo and who oversaw the genocide of six million Jews (1900-1945)


source_id: ili:i95532
language: de
text:
Deutscher Nazi, der Chef der SS und der Gestapo war und den Völkermord an sechs Millionen Juden beaufsichtigte (1900-1945)


source_id: ili:i95534
language: en
text:
German neoclassical composer and conductor who believed that music should have a social purpose (1895-1963)


source_id: ili:i95535
language: en
text:
German field marshal and statesman; as president of the Weimar Republic he reluctantly appointed Hitler as chancellor in 1933 (1847-1934)


source_id: ili:i95536
language: en
text:
Greek astronomer and mathematician who discovered the precession of the equinoxes and made the first known star chart and is said to have invented trigonometry (second century BC)


source_id: ili:i95537
language: en
text:
medical practitioner who is regarded as the father of medicine; author of the Hippocratic oath (circa 460-377 BC)


source_id: ili:i95538
language: en
text:
emperor of Japan who renounced his divinity and became a constitutional monarch after Japan surrendered at the end of World War II (1901-1989)


source_id: ili:i95545
language: en
text:
English materialist and political philosopher who advocated absolute sovereignty as the only kind of government that could resolve problems caused by the selfishness of human beings (1588-1679)


source_id: ili:i95547
language: en
text:
Vietnamese communist statesman who fought the Japanese in World War II and the French until 1954 and South Vietnam until 1975 (1890-1969)


source_id: ili:i95548
language: en
text:
English physiologist who, with Andrew Huxley, discovered the role of potassium and sodium atoms in the transmission of the nerve impulse (1914-1998)


source_id: ili:i95549
language: en
text:
English chemist (born in Egypt) who used crystallography to study the structure of organic compounds (1910-1994)


source_id: ili:i95551
language: en
text:
United States labor leader who was president of the Teamsters Union; he was jailed for trying to bribe a judge and later disappeared and is assumed to have been murdered (1913-1975)


source_id: ili:i95555
language: en
text:
United States chemist (born in Poland) who used quantum mechanics to understand chemical reactions (born in 1937)


source_id: ili:i95560
language: en
text:
English artist noted for a series of engravings that satirized the affectations of his time (1697-1764)


source_id: ili:i95564
language: en
text:
German painter and engraver noted for his portraits; he was commissioned by Henry VIII to provide portraits of the English king's prospective brides (1497-1543)


source_id: ili:i95565
language: en
text:
United States inventor who invented a system for recording alphanumeric information on punched cards (1860-1929)


source_id: ili:i95573
language: en
text:
Swiss composer (born in France) who was the founding member of a group in Paris that included Erik Satie and Darius Milhaud and Francis Poulenc and Jean Cocteau (1892-1955)


source_id: ili:i95574
language: en
text:
English scientist who formulated the law of elasticity and proposed a wave theory of light and formulated a theory of planetary motion and proposed the inverse square law of gravitational attraction and discovered the cellular structure of cork and introduced the term `cell' into biology and invented a balance spring for watches (1635-1703)


source_id: ili:i95576
language: en
text:
United States general in the Union Army who was defeated at Chancellorsville by Robert E. Lee (1814-1879)


source_id: ili:i95577
language: en
text:
31st President of the United States; in 1929 the stock market crashed and the economy collapsed and Hoover was defeated for reelection by Franklin Roosevelt (1874-1964)


source_id: ili:i95584
language: en
text:
United States financier and philanthropist who left money to found the university and hospital that bear his name in Baltimore (1795-1873)


source_id: ili:i95594
language: en
text:
United States magician (born in Hungary) famous for his ability to escape from chains or handcuffs or straitjackets or padlocked containers (1874-1926)


source_id: ili:i95595
language: en
text:
United States publisher who founded a printing shop that became an important book publisher (1823-1895)


source_id: ili:i95597
language: en
text:
United States politician and military leader who fought to gain independence for Texas from Mexico and to make it a part of the United States (1793-1863)


source_id: ili:i95598
language: en
text:
Queen of England as the fifth wife of Henry VIII who was accused of adultery and executed (1520-1542)


source_id: ili:i95600
language: en
text:
United States inventor who built early sewing machines and won suits for patent infringement against other manufacturers (including Isaac M. Singer) (1819-1867)


source_id: ili:i95606
language: en
text:
an English astrophysicist and advocate of the steady state theory of cosmology; described processes of nucleosynthesis inside stars (1915-2001)


source_id: ili:i95608
language: en
text:
United States astronomer who discovered that (as the universe expands) the speed with which nebulae recede increases with their distance from the observer (1889-1953)


source_id: ili:i95610
language: en
text:
English navigator who discovered the Hudson River; in 1610 he attempted to winter in Hudson Bay but his crew mutinied and set him adrift to die (1565-1611)


source_id: ili:i95612
language: en
text:
English astronomer who pioneered spectroscopic analysis in astronomy and who discovered the red shift (1824-1910)


source_id: ili:i95614
language: en
text:
United States industrialist who was an aviator and a film producer; during the last years of his life he was a total recluse (1905-1976)


source_id: ili:i95619
language: en
text:
United States naval officer who commanded the `Constitution' during the War of 1812 and won a series of brilliant victories against the British (1773-1843)


source_id: ili:i95620
language: en
text:
German naturalist who explored Central and South America and provided a comprehensive description of the physical universe (1769-1859)


source_id: ili:i95622
language: en
text:
Scottish philosopher whose sceptical philosophy restricted human knowledge to that which can be perceived by the senses (1711-1776)


source_id: ili:i95627
language: en
text:
United States railroad executive who built the western section of the first United States transcontinental railroad (1821-1900)


source_id: ili:i95628
language: en
text:
American revolutionary leader who signed the Declaration of Independence and was president of the Continental Congress (1731-1796)


source_id: ili:i95631
language: en
text:
Czechoslovakian religious reformer who anticipated the Reformation; he questioned the infallibility of the Catholic Church was excommunicated (1409) for attacking the corruption of the clergy; he was burned at the stake (1372-1415)


source_id: ili:i95637
language: en
text:
American colonist (born in England) who was banished from Boston for her religious views (1591-1643)


source_id: ili:i95638
language: en
text:
Scottish geologist who described the processes that have shaped the surface of the earth (1726-1797)


source_id: ili:i95641
language: en
text:
English writer; grandson of Thomas Huxley who is remembered mainly for his depiction of a scientifically controlled utopia (1894-1963)


source_id: ili:i95642
language: en
text:
English physiologist who, with Alan Hodgkin, discovered the role of potassium and sodium ions in the transmission of the nerve impulse (born in 1917)


source_id: ili:i95649
language: en
text:
Spaniard and Roman Catholic theologian and founder of the Society of Jesus; a leading opponent of the Reformation (1491-1556)


source_id: ili:i95654
language: en
text:
Italian pope from 1198 to 1216 who instituted the Fourth Crusade and under whom papal intervention in European politics reached its height (1161-1216)


source_id: ili:i95655
language: en
text:
Italian pope from 1484 to 1492 who was known as a nepotist and was attacked by Savonarola for his worldliness (1432-1492)


source_id: ili:i95656
language: en
text:
Italian pope from 1676 to 1689 whose papacy was marked by the struggle with Louis XIV of France over papal authority over French Catholics; known for saintliness and canonized in 1956 (1611-1689)


source_id: ili:i95657
language: en
text:
Italian pope from 1691 to 1700 who abolished nepotism within the church hierarchy and was universally loved for his charity and piety


source_id: ili:i95658
language: en
text:
French dramatist (born in Romania) who was a leading exponent of the theater of the absurd (1912-1994)


source_id: ili:i95659
language: en
text:
Greek theologian who was bishop of Lyons and an antiheretical writer; a saint and Doctor of the Church (circa 130-200)


source_id: ili:i95662
language: en
text:
(Old Testament) the second patriarch; son of Abraham and Sarah who was offered by Abraham as a sacrifice to God; father of Jacob and Esau


source_id: ili:i95663
language: en
text:
the queen of Castile whose marriage to Ferdinand of Aragon in 1469 marked the beginning of the modern state of Spain; they instituted the Spanish Inquisition in 1478 and sponsored the voyages of Christopher Columbus in 1492 (1451-1504)


source_id: ili:i95665
language: en
text:
United States writer (born in England) whose best known novels portray Berlin in the 1930's and who collaborated with W. H. Auden in writing plays in verse (1904-1986)


source_id: ili:i95666
language: en
text:
(Old Testament) the son of Abraham who was cast out after the birth of Isaac; considered the forebear of 12 Arabian tribes


source_id: ili:i95669
language: en
text:
grand duke of Muscovy whose victories against the Tartars laid the basis for Russian unity (1440-1505)


source_id: ili:i95672
language: en
text:
United States lithographer who (with his partner Nathaniel Currier) produced thousands of prints signed `Currier & Ives' (1824-1895)


source_id: ili:i95674
language: en
text:
7th president of the US; successfully defended New Orleans from the British in 1815; expanded the power of the presidency (1767-1845)


source_id: ili:i95675
language: en
text:
general in the Confederate Army during the American Civil War whose troops at the first Battle of Bull Run stood like a stone wall (1824-1863)


source_id: ili:i95677
language: en
text:
United States civil rights leader who led a national campaign against racial discrimination and ran for presidential nomination (born in 1941)


source_id: ili:i95679
language: en
text:
United States singer who began singing with his four brothers and later became a highly successful star during the 1980s (born in 1958)


source_id: ili:i95687
language: en
text:
French inventor of the Jacquard loom that could automatically weave complicated patterns (1752-1834)


source_id: ili:i95688
language: en
text:
Indonesian terrorist and Islamic militant who commands the Laskar Jihad; uses violence to achieve political ends (1965-2000)


source_id: ili:i95690
language: en
text:
United States linguist (born in Russia) noted for his description of the universals of phonology (1896-1982)


source_id: ili:i95691
language: en
text:
(New Testament) disciple of Jesus; brother of John; author of the Epistle of James in the New Testament


source_id: ili:i95694
language: en
text:
United States outlaw who fought as a Confederate soldier and later led a band of outlaws that robbed trains and banks in the West until he was murdered by a member of his own gang (1847-1882)


source_id: ili:i95695
language: en
text:
the first Stuart to be king of England and Ireland from 1603 to 1625 and king of Scotland from 1567 to 1625; he was the son of Mary Queen of Scots and he succeeded Elizabeth I; he alienated the British Parliament by claiming the divine right of kings (1566-1625)


source_id: ili:i95697
language: en
text:
a Stuart king of Scotland who married a daughter of Henry VII; when England and France went to war in 1513 he invaded England and died in defeat at Flodden (1473-1513)


source_id: ili:i95702
language: en
text:
United States diplomat and jurist who negotiated peace treaties with Britain and served as the first chief justice of the United States Supreme Court (1745-1829)


source_id: ili:i95703
language: en
text:
French heroine and military leader inspired by religious visions to organize French resistance to the English and to have Charles VII crowned king; she was later tried for heresy and burned at the stake (1412-1431)


source_id: ili:i95703
language: de
text:
Französische Heldin und militärische Anführerin, die durch religiöse Visionen dazu inspiriert wurde, den französischen Widerstand gegen die Engländer zu organisieren und Karl VII. zum König krönen zu lassen; sie wurde später wegen Ketzerei verurteilt und auf dem Scheiterhaufen verbrannt (1412-1431)


source_id: ili:i95705
language: en
text:
3rd President of the United States; chief drafter of the Declaration of Independence; made the Louisiana Purchase in 1803 and sent out the Lewis and Clark Expedition to explore it (1743-1826)


source_id: ili:i95706
language: en
text:
English physician who pioneered vaccination; Jenner inoculated people with small amounts of cowpox to prevent them from getting smallpox (1749-1823)


source_id: ili:i95707
language: en
text:
United States architect who designed the first skyscraper in which a metal skeleton was used (1832-1907)


source_id: ili:i95709
language: en
text:
(Old Testament) first king of the northern kingdom of Israel who led Israel into sin (10th century BC)


source_id: ili:i95710
language: en
text:
(Old Testament) an Israelite prophet who is remembered for his angry lamentations (jeremiads) about the wickedness of his people (circa 626-587 BC)


source_id: ili:i95711
language: en
text:
(Roman Catholic Church) one of the great Fathers of the early Christian Church whose major work was his translation of the Scriptures from Hebrew and Greek into Latin (which became the Vulgate); a saint and Doctor of the Church (347-420)


source_id: ili:i95713
language: en
text:
a teacher and prophet born in Bethlehem and active in Nazareth; his life and sermons form the basis for Christianity (circa 4 BC - AD 29)


source_id: ili:i95715
language: en
text:
English economist and logician who contributed to the development of the theory of marginal utility (1835-1882)


source_id: ili:i95717
language: en
text:
wife of Ahab who was king of Israel; according to the Old Testament she was a cruel immoral queen who fostered the worship of Baal and tried to kill Elijah and other prophets of Israel (9th century BC)


source_id: ili:i95719
language: en
text:
prelate who was the confessor of Isabella I and who was later appointed Grand Inquisitor (1436-1517)


source_id: ili:i95722
language: en
text:
a Jewish hero in the Old Testament who maintained his faith in God in spite of afflictions that tested him


source_id: ili:i95726
language: en
text:
(New Testament) disciple of Jesus; traditionally said to be the author of the 4th Gospel and three epistles and the book of Revelation


source_id: ili:i95727
language: en
text:
youngest son of Henry II; King of England from 1199 to 1216; succeeded to the throne on the death of his brother Richard I; lost his French possessions; in 1215 John was compelled by the barons to sign the Magna Carta (1167-1216)


source_id: ili:i95729
language: en
text:
(Roman Catholic Church) a Church Father who was a great preacher and bishop of Constantinople; a saint and Doctor of the Church (347-407)


source_id: ili:i95730
language: en
text:
the fourth son of Edward III who was the effective ruler of England during the close of his father's reign and during the minority of Richard II; his son was Henry Bolingbroke (1340-1399)


source_id: ili:i95731
language: en
text:
(New Testament) a preacher and hermit and forerunner of Jesus (whom he baptized); was beheaded by Herod at the request of Salome


source_id: ili:i95735
language: en
text:
17th President of the United States; was elected vice president and succeeded Lincoln when Lincoln was assassinated; was impeached but acquitted by one vote (1808-1875)


source_id: ili:i95736
language: en
text:
36th President of the United States; was elected vice president and succeeded Kennedy when Kennedy was assassinated (1908-1973)


source_id: ili:i95739
language: en
text:
French nuclear physicist who was Marie Curie's assistant and who worked with Marie Curie's daughter who he married (taking the name Joliot-Curie); he and his wife discovered how to synthesize new radioactive elements (1900-1958)


source_id: ili:i95742
language: en
text:
United States singer (born in Russia) who appeared in the first full-length talking film (1886-1950)


source_id: ili:i95743
language: en
text:
(Old Testament) Jonah did not wish to become a prophet so God caused a great storm to throw him overboard from a ship; he was saved by being swallowed by a whale that vomited him out onto dry land


source_id: ili:i95748
language: en
text:
United States railroad engineer who died trying to stop his train from crashing into another train; a friend wrote a famous ballad describing the incident (1864-1900)


source_id: ili:i95749
language: en
text:
United States labor leader (born in Ireland) who helped to found the Industrial Workers of the World (1830-1930)


source_id: ili:i95752
language: en
text:
United States composer who was the first creator of ragtime to write down his compositions (1868-1917)


source_id: ili:i95755
language: en
text:
(Old Testament) the 11th son of Jacob and one of the 12 patriarchs of Israel; Jacob gave Joseph a coat of many colors, which made his brothers jealous and they sold him into slavery in Egypt


source_id: ili:i95757
language: en
text:
Jewish general who led the revolt of the Jews against the Romans and then wrote a history of those events (37-100)


source_id: ili:i95758
language: en
text:
(Old Testament) Moses' successor who led the Israelites into the Promised Land; best remembered for his destruction of Jericho


source_id: ili:i95759
language: en
text:
English physicist who established the mechanical theory of heat and discovered the first law of thermodynamics (1818-1889)


source_id: ili:i95761
language: en
text:
influential Irish writer noted for his many innovations (such as stream of consciousness writing) (1882-1941)


source_id: ili:i95763
language: en
text:
(Old Testament) the fourth son of Jacob who was forebear of one of the tribes of Israel; one of his descendants was to be the Messiah


source_id: ili:i95765
language: en
text:
Jewish leader of a revolt in Judea that recovered Jerusalem around 166 BC; hero of the Apocryphal books I Maccabees and II Maccabees (?-161 BC)


source_id: ili:i95766
language: en
text:
(New Testament) supposed brother of St. James; one of the Apostles who is invoked in prayer when a situation seems hopeless


source_id: ili:i95767
language: en
text:
Roman Emperor and nephew of Constantine; he restored paganism as the official religion of the Roman Empire and destroyed Christian temples but his decision was reversed after his death (331?-363)


source_id: ili:i9577
language: it
text:
di facoltà intellettuale o di una sua manifestazione, che sa comprendere e valutare con prontezza le situazioni


source_id: ili:i95770
language: en
text:
French botanist who categorized plants into families and developed a system of plant classification (1748-1836)


source_id: ili:i95771
language: en
text:
Byzantine emperor who held the eastern frontier of his empire against the Persians; codified Roman law in 529; his general Belisarius regained North Africa and Spain (483-565)


source_id: ili:i95772
language: en
text:
Roman satirist who denounced the vice and folly of Roman society during the reign of the emperor Domitian (60-140)


source_id: ili:i95774
language: en
text:
Czech novelist who wrote in German about a nightmarish world of isolated and troubled individuals (1883-1924)


source_id: ili:i95782
language: en
text:
Russian chess master who was world champion from 1975 until 1985 when he was defeated by Gary Kasparov (born in 1951)


source_id: ili:i95784
language: en
text:
Azerbaijani chess master who became world champion in 1985 by defeating Anatoli Karpov (born in 1963)


source_id: ili:i95787
language: en
text:
statesman who led Northern Rhodesia to full independence as Zambia in 1964 and served as Zambia's first president (1924-1999)


source_id: ili:i95790
language: en
text:
United States comedian and actor in silent films noted for his acrobatic skills and deadpan face (1895-1966)


source_id: ili:i95790
language: de
text:
US-amerikanischer Komiker und Stummfilmschauspieler, bekannt für seine akrobatischen Fähigkeiten und sein ernstes Gesicht (1895-1966)


source_id: ili:i95792
language: en
text:
English clergyman who (with John Henry Newman and Edward Pusey) founded the Oxford movement (1792-1866)


source_id: ili:i95794
language: en
text:
United States lecturer and writer who was blind and deaf from the age of 19 months; Anne Sullivan taught her to read and write and speak; Helen Keller graduated from college and went on to champion the cause of blind and deaf people (1880-1968)


source_id: ili:i95795
language: en
text:
United States food manufacturer who (with his brother) developed a breakfast cereal of crisp flakes of rolled and toasted wheat and corn; he established a company to manufacture the cereal (1860-1951)


source_id: ili:i95799
language: en
text:
British physicist who invented the Kelvin scale of temperature and pioneered undersea telegraphy (1824-1907)


source_id: ili:i95802
language: en
text:
United States diplomat who recommended a policy of containment in dealing with Soviet aggression (1904-2005)


source_id: ili:i95803
language: en
text:
35th President of the United States; established the Peace Corps; assassinated in Dallas (1917-1963)


source_id: ili:i95804
language: en
text:
United States electrical engineer noted for his work on the theory of alternating currents; independently of Oliver Heaviside he discovered the existence of an atmospheric layer that reflects radio waves back to earth (1861-1939)


source_id: ili:i95809
language: en
text:
Russian revolutionary who was head of state after Nicholas II abdicated but was overthrown by the Bolsheviks (1881-1970)


source_id: ili:i95812
language: en
text:
United States writer whose best-known novel was based on his experiences as an attendant in a mental hospital (1935-2001)


source_id: ili:i95813
language: en
text:
United States electrical engineer who made numerous automotive improvements (including the electric starter) (1876-1958)


source_id: ili:i95814
language: en
text:
United States lawyer and poet who wrote a poem after witnessing the British attack on Baltimore during the War of 1812; the poem was later set to music and entitled `The Star-Spangled Banner' (1779-1843)


source_id: ili:i95815
language: en
text:
English economist who advocated the use of government monetary and fiscal policy to maintain full employment without inflation (1883-1946)


source_id: ili:i95816
language: en
text:
Russian composer (born in Armenia) whose works are romantic and reflect his interest in folk music (1903-1978)


source_id: ili:i95818
language: en
text:
Iranian religious leader of the Shiites; when Shah Pahlavi's regime fell Khomeini established a new constitution giving himself supreme powers (1900-1989)


source_id: ili:i95820
language: en
text:
Scottish sea captain who was hired to protect British shipping in the Indian Ocean and then was accused of piracy and hanged (1645-1701)


source_id: ili:i95821
language: en
text:
Danish philosopher who is generally considered. along with Nietzsche, to be a founder of existentialism (1813-1855)


source_id: ili:i95823
language: en
text:
United States charismatic civil rights leader and Baptist minister who campaigned against the segregation of Blacks (1929-1968)


source_id: ili:i95828
language: en
text:
German physicist who with Bunsen pioneered spectrum analysis and formulated two laws governing electric networks (1824-1887)


source_id: ili:i95835
language: en
text:
United States psychoanalyst (born in Austria) who was the first to specialize in the psychoanalysis of small children (1882-1960)


source_id: ili:i95842
language: en
text:
Scottish theologian who founded Presbyterianism in Scotland and wrote a history of the Reformation in Scotland (1514-1572)


source_id: ili:i95843
language: en
text:
German bacteriologist who isolated the anthrax bacillus and the tubercle bacillus and the cholera bacillus (1843-1910)


source_id: ili:i95844
language: en
text:
British writer (born in Hungary) who wrote a novel exposing the Stalinist purges during the 1930s (1905-1983)


source_id: ili:i95845
language: en
text:
Japanese statesman who set Japan's expansionist policies and formed an alliance with Germany and Italy (1891-1945)


source_id: ili:i95852
language: en
text:
United States conductor (born in Russia) who was noted for performing the works of contemporary composers (1874-1951)


source_id: ili:i95854
language: en
text:
United States artist remembered for her spontaneous approach to painting; she was a founder of the New York school of abstract expressionism (1908-1984)


source_id: ili:i95860
language: en
text:
British chemist who with Robert Curl and Richard Smalley discovered fullerenes and opened a new branch of chemistry (born in 1939)


source_id: ili:i95863
language: en
text:
German arms manufacturer and son of Friedrich Krupp; his firm provided ordnance for German armies from the 1840s through World War II (1812-1887)


source_id: ili:i95864
language: en
text:
Mongolian emperor of China and grandson of Genghis Khan who completed his grandfather's conquest of China; he establish the Yuan dynasty and built a great capital on the site of modern Beijing where he received Marco Polo (1216-1294)


source_id: ili:i95867
language: en
text:
United States astronomer (born in the Netherlands) who studied the solar system and suggested in 1951 that there is a belt of comet-like debris at the edge of the solar system (1905-1973)


source_id: ili:i95870
language: en
text:
United States economist (born in Russia) who developed a method for using a country's gross national product to estimate its economic growth (1901-1985)


source_id: ili:i95877
language: en
text:
French pirate who aided the United States in the War of 1812 and received an official pardon for his crimes (1780-1826)


source_id: ili:i95879
language: en
text:
French naturalist who proposed that evolution resulted from the inheritance of acquired characteristics (1744-1829)


source_id: ili:i95882
language: en
text:
(Arthurian legend) one of the knights of the Round Table; friend of King Arthur until (according to some versions of the legend) he became the lover of Arthur's wife Guinevere


source_id: ili:i95883
language: en
text:
United States inventor who incorporated Polaroid film into lenses and invented the one step photographic process (1909-1991)


source_id: ili:i95885
language: en
text:
United States harpsichordist (born in Poland) who helped to revive modern interest in the harpsichord (1879-1959)


source_id: ili:i95887
language: en
text:
United States educator who founded the first private school for Black students in Augusta, Georgia (1854-1933)


source_id: ili:i95888
language: en
text:
United States photographer remembered for her portraits of rural workers during the Depression (1895-1965)


source_id: ili:i95889
language: en
text:
United States astronomer and aviation pioneer who invented the bolometer and contributed to the design of early aircraft (1834-1906)


source_id: ili:i95890
language: en
text:
United States chemist who studied surface chemistry and developed the gas-filled tungsten lamp and worked on high temperature electrical discharges (1881-1957)


source_id: ili:i95893
language: en
text:
French mathematician and astronomer who formulated the nebular hypothesis concerning the origins of the solar system and who developed the theory of probability (1749-1827)


source_id: ili:i95900
language: en
text:
United States architect (born in England) whose works include the chambers of the United States Congress and the Supreme Court; considered the first professional architect in the United States (1764-1820)


source_id: ili:i95903
language: en
text:
United States slapstick comedian (born in England) who played the scatterbrained and often tearful member of the Laurel and Hardy duo who made many films (1890-1965)


source_id: ili:i95905
language: en
text:
Australian tennis player who in 1962 was the second man to win the Australian and French and English and United States singles titles in the same year; in 1969 he repeated this feat (born in 1938)


source_id: ili:i95906
language: en
text:
French chemist known as the father of modern chemistry; discovered oxygen and disproved the theory of phlogiston (1743-1794)


source_id: ili:i95907
language: en
text:
English novelist and poet and essayist whose work condemned industrial society and explored sexual relationships (1885-1930)


source_id: ili:i95910
language: en
text:
English portrait painter remembered for the series of portraits of the leaders of the alliance against Napoleon (1769-1830)


source_id: ili:i95911
language: en
text:
Welsh soldier who from 1916 to 1918 organized the Arab revolt against the Turks; he later wrote an account of his adventures (1888-1935)


source_id: ili:i95912
language: en
text:
Roman martyr; supposedly Lawrence was ordered by the police to give up the church's treasure and when he responded by presenting the poor people of Rome he was roasted to death on a gridiron (died in 258)


source_id: ili:i95914
language: en
text:
English paleontologist whose account of fossil discoveries in Tanzania changed theories of human evolution (1903-1972)


source_id: ili:i95915
language: en
text:
English paleontologist (the wife of Louis Leakey) who discovered the Zinjanthropus skull that was 1,750,000 years old (1913-1996)


source_id: ili:i95916
language: en
text:
English paleontologist (son of Louis Leakey and Mary Leakey) who continued the work of his parents; he was appointed director of a wildlife preserve in Kenya but resigned under political pressure (born in 1944)


source_id: ili:i95918
language: en
text:
United States psychologist who experimented with psychoactive drugs (including LSD) and became a well-known advocate of their use (1920-1996)


source_id: ili:i95926
language: en
text:
leader of the American Revolution who proposed the resolution calling for independence of the American Colonies (1732-1794)


source_id: ili:i95927
language: en
text:
United States physicist (born in China) who collaborated with Yang Chen Ning in disproving the principle of conservation of parity (born in 1926)


source_id: ili:i95934
language: en
text:
German philosopher and mathematician who thought of the universe as consisting of independent monads and who devised a system of the calculus independent of Newton (1646-1716)


source_id: ili:i95939
language: en
text:
United States tennis player (born in Czechoslovakia) who won several singles championships; in 1992 he became a United States citizen (born in 1960)


source_id: ili:i95941
language: en
text:
Russian founder of the Bolsheviks and leader of the Russian Revolution and first head of the USSR (1870-1924)


source_id: ili:i95942
language: en
text:
English rock star and guitarist and songwriter who with Paul McCartney wrote most of the music for the Beatles (1940-1980)


source_id: ili:i95943
language: en
text:
French landscape gardener who designed many formal gardens including the parks of Versailles (1613-1700)


source_id: ili:i95944
language: en
text:
Italian pope from 440 to 461 who extended the authority of the papacy to the west and persuaded Attila not to attack Rome (440-461)


source_id: ili:i95946
language: en
text:
German pope from 1049 to 1054 whose papacy was the beginning of papal reforms in the 11th century (1002-1054)


source_id: ili:i95947
language: en
text:
son of Lorenzo de'Medici and pope from 1513 to 1521 who excommunicated Martin Luther and who in 1521 bestowed on Henry VIII the title of Defender of the Faith (1475-1521)


source_id: ili:i95948
language: en
text:
Italian pope from 1878 to 1903 who was interested in the advancement of learning and who opened the Vatican secret archives to all scholars


source_id: ili:i95950
language: en
text:
Italian painter and sculptor and engineer and scientist and architect; the most versatile genius of the Italian Renaissance (1452-1519)


source_id: ili:i95951
language: en
text:
king of Sparta and hero of the battle of Thermopylae where he was killed by the Persians (died in 480 BC)


source_id: ili:i95952
language: en
text:
United States economist (born in Russia) who devised an input-output method of economic analysis (1906-1999)


source_id: ili:i95958
language: en
text:
Dutch pioneer microscopist who was among the first to recognize cells in animals and who gave the first accurate descriptions of microbes and spermatozoa and blood corpuscles (1632-1723)


source_id: ili:i95962
language: en
text:
United States labor leader who was president of the United Mine Workers of America from 1920 to 1960 and president of the Congress of Industrial Organizations from 1935 to 1940 (1880-1969)


source_id: ili:i95963
language: en
text:
United States explorer and soldier who lead led an expedition from St. Louis to the mouth of the Columbia River (1774-1809)


source_id: ili:i95964
language: en
text:
United States athlete who won gold medals at the Olympics for his skill in sprinting and jumping (born in 1961)


source_id: ili:i95971
language: en
text:
United States sculptor and architect whose public works include the memorial to veterans of the Vietnam War in Washington (born in 1959)


source_id: ili:i95972
language: en
text:
16th President of the United States; saved the Union during the American Civil War and emancipated the slaves; was assassinated by Booth (1809-1865)


source_id: ili:i95974
language: en
text:
United States aviator who in 1927 made the first solo nonstop flight across the Atlantic Ocean (1902-1974)


source_id: ili:i95987
language: en
text:
United States prizefighter who lost his world heavyweight championship to Cassius Clay in 1964 (1932-1970)


source_id: ili:i95991
language: en
text:
American Revolutionary leader who served in the Continental Congress and as minister to France (1746-1813)


source_id: ili:i95993
language: en
text:
Roman historian whose history of Rome filled 142 volumes (of which only 35 survive) including the earliest history of the war with Hannibal (59 BC to AD 17)


source_id: ili:i95994
language: en
text:
United States comic actor in silent films; he used physical danger as a source of comedy (1893-1971)


source_id: ili:i95995
language: en
text:
English composer of many successful musicals (some in collaboration with Sir Tim Rice) (born in 1948)


source_id: ili:i95997
language: en
text:
English empiricist philosopher who believed that all knowledge is derived from sensory experience (1632-1704)


source_id: ili:i95998
language: en
text:
English physicist who studied electromagnetic radiation and was a pioneer of radiotelegraphy (1851-1940)


source_id: ili:i96000
language: en
text:
United States composer (born in Austria) who collaborated with Lerner on several musicals (1901-1987)


source_id: ili:i96001
language: en
text:
United States pharmacologist (born in Germany) who was the first to show that acetylcholine is produced at the junction between a parasympathetic nerve and a muscle (1873-1961)


source_id: ili:i96007
language: en
text:
Austrian zoologist who studied the behavior of birds and emphasized the importance of innate as opposed to learned behaviors (1903-1989)


source_id: ili:i96008
language: en
text:
Italian statesman and scholar who supported many artists and humanists including Michelangelo and Leonardo and Botticelli (1449-1492)


source_id: ili:i96016
language: en
text:
king of France who led the unsuccessful Second Crusade and fought frequent wars with Henry II of England (1120-1180)


source_id: ili:i96018
language: en
text:
king of France and son of Louis VIII; he led two unsuccessful Crusades; considered an ideal medieval king (1214-1270)


source_id: ili:i96020
language: en
text:
king of France who put down an alliance of unruly nobles and unified France except for Brittany (1423-1483)


source_id: ili:i96023
language: en
text:
king of France from 1643 to 1715; his long reign was marked by the expansion of French influence in Europe and by the magnificence of his court and the Palace of Versailles (1638-1715)


source_id: ili:i96023
language: de
text:
König von Frankreich von 1643 bis 1715; seine lange Regierungszeit war gekennzeichnet durch die Ausweitung des französischen Einflusses in Europa und durch die Pracht seines Hofes und des Schlosses von Versailles (1638-1715)


source_id: ili:i96024
language: en
text:
grandson of Louis XIV and king of France from 1715 to 1774 who led France into the War of the Austrian Succession and the Seven Years' War (1710-1774)


source_id: ili:i96025
language: en
text:
king of France from 1774 to 1792; his failure to grant reforms led to the French Revolution; he and his queen (Marie Antoinette) were guillotined (1754-1793)


source_id: ili:i96029
language: en
text:
British political cartoonist (born in New Zealand) who created the character Colonel Blimp (1891-1963)


source_id: ili:i96032
language: en
text:
United States astronomer whose studies of Mars led him to conclude that Mars was inhabited (1855-1916)


source_id: ili:i96042
language: en
text:
Roman philosopher and poet; in a long didactic poem he tried to provide a scientific explanation of the universe (96-55 BC)


source_id: ili:i96045
language: en
text:
(New Testament) the Apostle closely associated with St. Paul and traditionally assumed to be the author of the third Gospel


source_id: ili:i96046
language: en
text:
French composer (born in Italy) who was the court composer to Louis XIV and founded the national French opera (1632-1687)


source_id: ili:i96049
language: en
text:
German theologian who led the Reformation; believed that salvation is granted on the basis of faith rather than deeds (1483-1546)


source_id: ili:i96052
language: en
text:
Spartan general who defeated the Athenians in the final battle of the Peloponnesian War (died in 395 BC)


source_id: ili:i96053
language: en
text:
Soviet geneticist whose adherence to Lamarck's theory of evolution was favored by Stalin (1898-1976)


source_id: ili:i96054
language: en
text:
Macedonian general under Alexander the Great; with Seleucus he defeated Antigonus and Demetrius at the battle of Ipsus (circa 355-281 BC)


source_id: ili:i96057
language: en
text:
United States general who served as chief of staff and commanded Allied forces in the South Pacific during World War II; he accepted the surrender of Japan (1880-1964)


source_id: ili:i96062
language: en
text:
Austrian physicist and philosopher who introduced the Mach number and who founded logical positivism (1838-1916)


source_id: ili:i96064
language: en
text:
Canadian explorer (born in England) who explored the Mackenzie River and who was first to cross North America by land north of Mexico (1764-1820)


source_id: ili:i96066
language: en
text:
Scottish physiologist who directed the research by F. G. Banting and C. H. Best that led to the discovery of insulin (1876-1935)


source_id: ili:i96067
language: en
text:
4th President of the United States; member of the Continental Congress and rapporteur at the Constitutional Convention in 1776; helped frame the Bill of Rights (1751-1836)


source_id: ili:i96070
language: en
text:
Portuguese navigator in the service of Spain; he commanded an expedition that was the first to circumnavigate the world (1480-1521)


source_id: ili:i96077
language: en
text:
Spanish philosopher considered the greatest Jewish scholar of the Middle Ages who codified Jewish law in the Talmud (1135-1204)


source_id: ili:i96078
language: en
text:
French consort of Louis XIV who secretly married the king after the death of his first wife (1635-1719)


source_id: ili:i96081
language: en
text:
Greek Orthodox bishop and archbishop of Cyprus and the first president of independent Cyprus (1913-1977)


source_id: ili:i96087
language: en
text:
British anthropologist (born in Poland) who introduced the technique of the participant observer (1884-1942)


source_id: ili:i96089
language: en
text:
United States cook who was an immune carrier of typhoid fever and who infected dozens of people (1870-1938)


source_id: ili:i96090
language: en
text:
English scholar remembered for his chronology of Shakespeare's plays and his editions of Shakespeare and Dryden (1741-1812)


source_id: ili:i96091
language: en
text:
English writer who published a translation of romances about King Arthur taken from French and other sources (died in 1471)


source_id: ili:i96092
language: en
text:
Italian anatomist who was the first to use a microscope to study anatomy and was among the first to recognize cells in animals (1628-1694)


source_id: ili:i96094
language: en
text:
an English economist who argued that increases in population would outgrow increases in the means of subsistence (1766-1834)


source_id: ili:i96096
language: en
text:
South African statesman who was released from prison to become the nation's first democratically elected president in 1994 (born in 1918)


source_id: ili:i96102
language: en
text:
United States educator who introduced reforms that significantly altered the system of public education (1796-1859)


source_id: ili:i96105
language: en
text:
Scottish physician who discovered that elephantiasis is spread by mosquitos and suggested that mosquitos also spread malaria (1844-1922)


source_id: ili:i96107
language: en
text:
English geologist remembered as the first person to recognize that dinosaurs were reptiles (1790-1852)


source_id: ili:i9611
language: de
text:
einem ultimativen Standard von Vollkommenheit oder Vortrefflichkeit entsprechend; ein Ideal verkörpernd


source_id: ili:i96111
language: en
text:
French revolutionary leader (born in Switzerland) who was a leader in overthrowing the Girondists and was stabbed to death in his bath by Charlotte Corday (1743-1793)


source_id: ili:i96114
language: en
text:
Italian electrical engineer who invented wireless telegraphy and in 1901 transmitted radio signals across the Atlantic Ocean (1874-1937)


source_id: ili:i96115
language: en
text:
United States political philosopher (born in Germany) concerned about the dehumanizing effects of capitalism and modern technology (1898-1979)


source_id: ili:i96116
language: en
text:
queen of France (as wife of Louis XVI) who was unpopular; her extravagance and opposition to reform contributed to the overthrow of the monarchy; she was guillotined along with her husband (1755-1793)


source_id: ili:i96123
language: en
text:
English poet and playwright who introduced blank verse as a form of dramatic expression; was stabbed to death in a tavern brawl (1564-1593)


source_id: ili:i96124
language: en
text:
United States writer who created the Japanese detective Mr. Moto and wrote other novels as well (1893-1960)


source_id: ili:i96125
language: en
text:
French missionary who accompanied Louis Joliet in exploring the upper Mississippi River valley (1637-1675)


source_id: ili:i96129
language: en
text:
United States jurist; as chief justice of the Supreme Court he established the principles of United States constitutional law (1755-1835)


source_id: ili:i96130
language: en
text:
United States general and statesman who as Secretary of State organized the European Recovery Program (1880-1959)


source_id: ili:i96141
language: en
text:
founder of modern communism; wrote the Communist Manifesto with Engels in 1848; wrote Das Kapital in 1867 (1818-1883)


source_id: ili:i96146
language: en
text:
the mother of Jesus; Christians refer to her as the Virgin Mary; she is especially honored by Roman Catholics


source_id: ili:i96147
language: en
text:
daughter of Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon who was Queen of England from 1553 to 1558; she was the wife of Philip II of Spain and when she restored Roman Catholicism to England many Protestants were burned at the stake as heretics (1516-1558)


source_id: ili:i96148
language: en
text:
Queen of England and Scotland and Ireland; she was the eldest daughter of James II and ruled jointly with her husband William III (1662-1694)


source_id: ili:i96149
language: en
text:
queen of Scotland from 1542 to 1567; as a Catholic she was forced to abdicate in favor of her son and fled to England where she was imprisoned by Elizabeth I; when Catholic supporters plotted to put her on the English throne she was tried and executed for sedition (1542-1587)


source_id: ili:i96154
language: en
text:
American Revolutionary leader from Virginia whose objections led to the drafting of the Bill of Rights (1725-1792)


source_id: ili:i96155
language: en
text:
Afghan leader of forces opposed to the Taliban; won fame by successfully resisting the Soviets in the 1980s; was assassinated by men posing as journalists (1953-2001)


source_id: ili:i96170
language: en
text:
English inventor (born in the United States) who invented the Maxim gun that was used in World War I (1840-1916)


source_id: ili:i96171
language: en
text:
Roman Emperor from 286 until he abdicated in 305; when Diocletian divided the Roman Empire in 286 Maximian became emperor in the west (died in 311)


source_id: ili:i96172
language: en
text:
Scottish physicist whose equations unified electricity and magnetism and who recognized the electromagnetic nature of light (1831-1879)


source_id: ili:i96174
language: en
text:
United States filmmaker (born in Russia) who founded his own film company and later merged with Samuel Goldwyn (1885-1957)


source_id: ili:i96175
language: en
text:
United States physicist (born in Germany) noted for her research on the structure of the atom (1906-1972)


source_id: ili:i96177
language: en
text:
Italian nationalist whose writings spurred the movement for a unified and independent Italy (1805-1872)


source_id: ili:i96180
language: en
text:
English rock star and bass guitarist and songwriter who with John Lennon wrote most of the music for the Beatles (born in 1942)


source_id: ili:i96181
language: en
text:
heroine of the American Revolution who carried water to soldiers during the Battle of Monmouth Court House and took over her husband's gun when he was overcome by heat (1754-1832)


source_id: ili:i96190
language: en
text:
United States historian who wrote a nine volume history of the people of the United States (1852-1932)


source_id: ili:i96193
language: en
text:
United States anthropologist noted for her claims about adolescence and sexual behavior in Polynesian cultures (1901-1978)


source_id: ili:i96197
language: en
text:
British immunologist (born in Brazil) who studied tissue transplants and discovered that the rejection of grafts was an immune response (1915-1987)


source_id: ili:i96202
language: en
text:
Swedish physicist (born in Austria) who worked in the field of radiochemistry with Otto Hahn and formulated the concept of nuclear fission with Otto Frisch (1878-1968)


source_id: ili:i96205
language: en
text:
(New Testament) one of the three sages from the east who came bearing gifts for the infant Jesus; usually represented as a king of Nubia


source_id: ili:i96211
language: en
text:
Augustinian monk and botanist whose experiments in breeding garden peas led to his eventual recognition as founder of the science of genetics (1822-1884)


source_id: ili:i96212
language: en
text:
Russian chemist who developed a periodic table of the chemical elements and predicted the discovery of several new elements (1834-1907)


source_id: ili:i96215
language: en
text:
French otologist who first described a form of vertigo now known as Meniere's disease and identified the semicircular canals as the site of the lesion (1799-1862)


source_id: ili:i96216
language: en
text:
United States psychiatrist who with his sons founded a famous psychiatric clinic in Topeka (1862-1953)


source_id: ili:i96220
language: en
text:
British violinist (born in the United States) who began his career as a child prodigy in the 1920s (1916-1999)


source_id: ili:i96221
language: en
text:
Flemish geographer who lived in Germany; he invented the Mercator projection of maps of the globe (1512-1594)


source_id: ili:i96226
language: en
text:
United States civil rights leader whose college registration caused riots in traditionally segregated Mississippi (born in 1933)


source_id: ili:i96239
language: en
text:
Florentine sculptor and painter and architect; one of the outstanding figures of the Renaissance (1475-1564)


source_id: ili:i96240
language: en
text:
United States physicist (born in Germany) who collaborated with Morley in the Michelson-Morley experiment (1852-1931)


source_id: ili:i96243
language: en
text:
United States architect (born in Germany) who built unornamented steel frame and glass skyscrapers (1886-1969)


source_id: ili:i96245
language: en
text:
English philosopher and economist remembered for his interpretations of empiricism and utilitarianism (1806-1873)


source_id: ili:i96254
language: en
text:
United States architect who was the presidentially appointed architect of Washington D.C. (1781-1855)


source_id: ili:i96257
language: en
text:
English poet; remembered primarily as the author of an epic poem describing humanity's fall from grace (1608-1674)


source_id: ili:i96258
language: en
text:
German mathematician (born in Russia) who suggested the concept of four-dimensional space-time (1864-1909)


source_id: ili:i96263
language: en
text:
United States labor leader; president of the United Mine Workers of America from 1898 to 1908 (1870-1919)


source_id: ili:i96271
language: en
text:
ancient king of Pontus who expanded his kingdom by defeating the Romans but was later driven out by Pompey (132-63 BC)


source_id: ili:i96276
language: en
text:
Albanian soldier in the service of Turkey who was made viceroy of Egypt and took control away from the Ottoman Empire and established Egypt as a modern state (1769-1849)


source_id: ili:i96282
language: en
text:
Dutch painter whose work (intersecting lines at right angles and planes in primary colors) influenced the development of abstract art (1872-1944)


source_id: ili:i96286
language: en
text:
French biochemist who (with Francois Jacob) explained how genes are activated and suggested the existence of messenger RNA (1910-1976)


source_id: ili:i96291
language: en
text:
French noblewoman who was mistress to Louis XIV until he became attracted to Madame de Maintenon (1641-1707)


source_id: ili:i96292
language: en
text:
French political philosopher who advocated the separation of executive and legislative and judicial powers (1689-1755)


source_id: ili:i96293
language: en
text:
Italian educator who developed a method of teaching mentally handicapped children and advocated a child-centered approach (1870-1952)


source_id: ili:i96298
language: en
text:
French inventor who (with his brother Jacques Etienne Montgolfier) pioneered hot-air ballooning (1740-1810)


source_id: ili:i96299
language: en
text:
French inventor who (with his brother Josef Michel Montgolfier) pioneered hot-air ballooning (1745-1799)


source_id: ili:i96300
language: en
text:
English general during World War II; won victories over Rommel in North Africa and led British ground forces in the invasion of Normandy (1887-1976)


source_id: ili:i96304
language: en
text:
United States religious leader (born in Korea) who founded the Unification Church in 1954; was found guilty of conspiracy to evade taxes (born in 1920)


source_id: ili:i96311
language: en
text:
English statesman who opposed Henry VIII's divorce from Catherine of Aragon and was imprisoned and beheaded; recalled for his concept of Utopia, the ideal state


source_id: ili:i96311
language: de
text:
Englischer Staatsmann, der sich der Scheidung Heinrichs VIII. von Katharina von Aragon widersetzte und dafür inhaftiert und enthauptet wurde; erinnerte an sein Konzept der Utopie, des idealen Staates


source_id: ili:i96313
language: en
text:
soldier in the American Revolution who defeated the British in the battle of Cowpens, South Carolina (1736-1802)


source_id: ili:i96317
language: en
text:
United States chemist and physicist who collaborated with Michelson in the Michelson-Morley experiment (1838-1923)


source_id: ili:i96318
language: en
text:
the ancient prophet whose writings were revealed to Joseph Smith who founded the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints


source_id: ili:i96319
language: en
text:
United States statesman who led the committee that produced the final draft of the United States Constitution (1752-1816)


source_id: ili:i96320
language: en
text:
leader of the American Revolution who signed the Declaration of Independence and raised money for the Continental Army (1734-1806)


source_id: ili:i96329
language: en
text:
(Old Testament) the Hebrew prophet who led the Israelites from Egypt across the Red sea on a journey known as the Exodus; Moses received the Ten Commandments from God on Mount Sinai


source_id: ili:i96335
language: en
text:
prolific Austrian composer and child prodigy; master of the classical style in all its forms of his time (1756-1791)


source_id: ili:i96339
language: en
text:
reclusive Afghanistani politician and leader of the Taliban who imposed a strict interpretation of shariah law on Afghanistan (born in 1960)


source_id: ili:i96347
language: en
text:
German raconteur who told preposterous stories about his adventures as a soldier and hunter; his name is now associated with any telling of exaggerated stories or winning lies (1720-1797)


source_id: ili:i96347
language: de
text:
Deutscher Anekdotenerzähler, der absurde Geschichten über seine Abenteuer als Soldat und Jäger erzählte; sein Name wird heute mit dem Erzählen von übertriebenen Geschichten oder gewinnenden Lügen in Verbindung gebracht (1720-1797)


source_id: ili:i96352
language: en
text:
British classical scholar (born in Australia) who advocated the League of Nations and the United Nations (1866-1957)


source_id: ili:i96354
language: en
text:
United States broadcast journalist remembered for his reports from London during World War II (1908-1965)


source_id: ili:i96359
language: en
text:
United States motion-picture pioneer remembered for his pictures of running horses taken with a series of still cameras (born in England) (1830-1904)


source_id: ili:i96364
language: en
text:
Indian religious leader who founded Sikhism in dissent from the caste system of Hinduism; he taught that all men had a right to search for knowledge of God and that spiritual liberation could be attained by meditating on the name of God (1469-1538)


source_id: ili:i96365
language: en
text:
Norwegian explorer of the Arctic and director of the League of Nations relief program for refugees of World War I (1861-1930)


source_id: ili:i96367
language: en
text:
Scottish mathematician who invented logarithms; introduced the use of the decimal point in writing numbers (1550-1617)


source_id: ili:i96373
language: en
text:
United States prohibitionist who raided saloons and destroyed bottles of liquor with a hatchet (1846-1911)


source_id: ili:i96375
language: en
text:
Venezuelan master terrorist raised by a Marxist-Leninist father; trained and worked with many terrorist groups (born in 1949)


source_id: ili:i96376
language: en
text:
United States tennis player (born in Czechoslovakia) who won nine Wimbledon women's singles championships (born in 1956)


source_id: ili:i96378
language: en
text:
(Old Testament) king of Chaldea who captured and destroyed Jerusalem and exiled the Israelites to Babylonia (630?-562 BC)


source_id: ili:i96383
language: en
text:
Indian statesman and leader with Gandhi in the struggle for home rule; was the first prime minister of the Republic of India from 1947 to 1964 (1889-1964)


source_id: ili:i96384
language: en
text:
English admiral who defeated the French fleets of Napoleon but was mortally wounded at Trafalgar (1758-1805)


source_id: ili:i96386
language: en
text:
Roman Emperor notorious for his monstrous vice and fantastic luxury (was said to have started a fire that destroyed much of Rome in 64) but the Roman Empire remained prosperous during his rule (37-68)


source_id: ili:i96389
language: en
text:
Emperor of Rome who introduced a degree of freedom after the repressive reign of Domitian; adopted Trajan as his successor (30-98)


source_id: ili:i96391
language: en
text:
Syrian who was a Christian bishop and Patriarch of Constantinople in the early fifth century; one of the major heresies concerning the doctrine of the hypostasis of Christ was named after him (died in 451)


source_id: ili:i96394
language: en
text:
English prelate and theologian who (with John Keble and Edward Pusey) founded the Oxford movement; Newman later turned to Roman Catholicism and became a cardinal (1801-1890)


source_id: ili:i96396
language: en
text:
English mathematician and physicist; remembered for developing the calculus and for his law of gravitation and his three laws of motion (1642-1727)


source_id: ili:i96400
language: en
text:
the last czar of Russia who was forced to abdicate in 1917 by the Russian Revolution; he and his family were executed by the Bolsheviks (1868-1918)


source_id: ili:i96406
language: en
text:
influential German philosopher remembered for his concept of the superman and for his rejection of Christian values; considered, along with Kierkegaard, to be a founder of existentialism (1844-1900)


source_id: ili:i96410
language: en
text:
United States admiral of the Pacific fleet during World War II who used aircraft carriers to destroy the Japanese navy (1885-1966)


source_id: ili:i96411
language: en
text:
vice president under Eisenhower and 37th President of the United States; resigned after the Watergate scandal in 1974 (1913-1994)


source_id: ili:i96412
language: en
text:
the Hebrew patriarch who saved himself and his family and the animals by building an ark in which they survived 40 days and 40 nights of rain; the story of Noah and the flood is told in the Book of Genesis


source_id: ili:i96413
language: en
text:
Swedish chemist remembered for his invention of dynamite and for the bequest that created the Nobel prizes (1833-1896)


source_id: ili:i96415
language: en
text:
United States bacteriologist (born in Japan) who discovered the cause of yellow fever and syphilis (1876-1928)


source_id: ili:i96421
language: en
text:
British statesman under George III whose policies led to rebellion in the American colonies (1732-1792)


source_id: ili:i96423
language: en
text:
French astrologer who wrote cryptic predictions whose interpretations are still being debated (1503-1566)


source_id: ili:i96425
language: en
text:
British industrialist who manufactured automobiles and created a philanthropic foundation (1877-1963)


source_id: ili:i96426
language: en
text:
Russian dancer who was often the partner of Dame Margot Fonteyn and who defected to the United States in 1961 (born in 1938)


source_id: ili:i96434
language: en
text:
United States biochemist (born in Spain) who studied the biological synthesis of nucleic acids (1905-1993)


source_id: ili:i96438
language: en
text:
Germanic barbarian leader who ended the Western Roman Empire in 476 and became the first barbarian ruler of Italy (434-493)


source_id: ili:i96446
language: en
text:
German naturalist whose speculations that plants and animals are made up of tiny living `infusoria' led to the cell theory (1779-1851)


source_id: ili:i96448
language: en
text:
United States sculptor (born in Sweden); a leader of the pop art movement who was noted for giant sculptures of common objects (born in 1929)


source_id: ili:i96452
language: en
text:
United States landscape architect primarily responsible for the design of Central Park in New York City (1822-1903)


source_id: ili:i96453
language: en
text:
Persian poet and mathematician and astronomer whose poetry was popularized by Edward Fitzgerald's translation (1050-1123)


source_id: ili:i96456
language: en
text:
United States musician (born in Japan) who married John Lennon and collaborated with him on recordings (born in 1933)


source_id: ili:i96458
language: en
text:
Dutch astronomer who proved that the galaxy is rotating and proposed the existence of the Oort cloud (1900-1992)


source_id: ili:i96459
language: en
text:
German industrialist who was the first in Germany to use an assembly line in manufacturing automobiles (1871-1948)


source_id: ili:i96460
language: en
text:
United States physicist who directed the project at Los Alamos that developed the first atomic bomb (1904-1967)


source_id: ili:i96464
language: en
text:
Greek philosopher and theologian who reinterpreted Christian doctrine through the philosophy of Neoplatonism; his work was later condemned as unorthodox (185-254)


source_id: ili:i96472
language: en
text:
the conqueror of Turkey who founded the Ottoman Empire and the Ottoman dynasty that ruled Turkey after the 13th century; conquered most of Asia Minor and assumed the title of emir in 1299 (1259-1326)


source_id: ili:i96481
language: en
text:
United States athlete and Black American whose success in the 1936 Olympic Games in Berlin outraged Hitler (1913-1980)


source_id: ili:i96490
language: en
text:
American Revolutionary leader and pamphleteer (born in England) who supported the American colonist's fight for independence and supported the French Revolution (1737-1809)


source_id: ili:i96496
language: en
text:
Indian grammarian whose grammatical rules for Sanskrit are the first known example of descriptive linguistics (circa 400 BC)


source_id: ili:i96498
language: en
text:
Swiss physician who introduced treatments of particular illnesses based on his observation and experience; he saw illness as having an external cause (rather than an imbalance of humors) and replaced traditional remedies with chemical remedies (1493-1541)


source_id: ili:i96499
language: en
text:
Italian sociologist and economist whose theories influenced the development of fascism in Italy (1848-1923)


source_id: ili:i96505
language: en
text:
United States civil rights leader who refused to give up her seat on a bus to a white man in Montgomery (Alabama) and so triggered the national Civil Rights movement (born in 1913)


source_id: ili:i96506
language: en
text:
a presocratic Greek philosopher born in Italy; held the metaphysical view that being is the basic substance and ultimate reality of which all things are composed; said that motion and change are sensory illusions (5th century BC)


source_id: ili:i96511
language: en
text:
French mathematician and philosopher and Jansenist; invented an adding machine; contributed (with Fermat) to the theory of probability (1623-1662)


source_id: ili:i96512
language: en
text:
Russian writer whose best known novel was banned by Soviet authorities but translated and published abroad (1890-1960)


source_id: ili:i96513
language: en
text:
French chemist and biologist whose discovery that fermentation is caused by microorganisms resulted in the process of pasteurization (1822-1895)


source_id: ili:i96514
language: en
text:
American Revolutionary leader (born in Ireland) who was a member of the Constitutional Convention (1745-1806)


source_id: ili:i96517
language: en
text:
(New Testament) a Christian missionary to the Gentiles; author of several Epistles in the New Testament; even though Paul was not present at the Last Supper he is considered an Apostle


source_id: ili:i96518
language: en
text:
Italian pope from 1534 to 1549 who excommunicated Henry VIII of England in 1538 and initiated the Council of Trent in 1545; was active in the Counter Reformation and promoted the Society of Jesus for this purpose (1468-1549)


source_id: ili:i96519
language: en
text:
Italian pope from 1963 to 1978 who eased restrictions on fasting and on interfaith marriages (1897-1978)


source_id: ili:i96521
language: en
text:
United States physicist (born in Austria) who proposed the exclusion principle (thus providing a theoretical basis for the periodic table) (1900-1958)


source_id: ili:i96528
language: en
text:
United States Arctic explorer and United States naval officer who has been regarded as the first man to reach the North Pole (1856-1920)


source_id: ili:i96532
language: en
text:
United States mathematician and astronomer remembered for his studies of Uranus and Saturn and Neptune (1809-1880)


source_id: ili:i96533
language: en
text:
a British or Irish monk who denied the doctrines of original sin and predestination and defended human goodness and free will; his views were declared heretical by the Council of Ephesus in 431 (circa 360-418)


source_id: ili:i96535
language: en
text:
king of the Franks and father of Charlemagne who defended papal interests and founded the Carolingian dynasty in 751 (714-768)


source_id: ili:i96536
language: en
text:
English diarist whose diary contained detailed descriptions of 17th century disasters in England (1633-1703)


source_id: ili:i96539
language: en
text:
Athenian statesman whose leadership contributed to Athens' political and cultural supremacy in Greece; he ordered the construction of the Parthenon (died in 429 BC)


source_id: ili:i96541
language: en
text:
United States commodore who led the fleet that defeated the British on Lake Erie during the War of 1812; brother of Matthew Calbraith Perry (1785-1819)


source_id: ili:i96542
language: en
text:
United States admiral who led a naval expedition to Japan and signed a treaty in 1854 opening up trade relations between United States and Japan; brother of Oliver Hazard Perry (1794-1858)


source_id: ili:i96546
language: en
text:
disciple of Jesus and leader of the Apostles; regarded by Catholics as the vicar of Christ on earth and first Pope


source_id: ili:i96546
language: de
text:
Jünger Jesu und Führer der Apostel; gilt bei den Katholiken als Stellvertreter Christi auf Erden und erster Papst


source_id: ili:i96547
language: en
text:
czar of Russia who introduced ideas from western Europe to reform the government; he extended his territories in the Baltic and founded St. Petersburg (1682-1725)


source_id: ili:i96551
language: en
text:
(New Testament) a Christian (probably living in Colossae) whose slave escaped and went to see Saint Paul


source_id: ili:i96552
language: en
text:
(Greek mythology) a simple countryman who offered hospitality to Zeus and Hermes when they came to earth without revealing their identities in order to test people's piety


source_id: ili:i96554
language: en
text:
king of Spain and Portugal and husband of Mary I; he supported the Counter Reformation and sent the Spanish Armada to invade England (1527-1598)


source_id: ili:i96556
language: en
text:
son of Louis VII whose reign as king of France saw wars with the English that regained control of Normandy and Anjou and most of Poitou (1165-1223)


source_id: ili:i96557
language: en
text:
king of ancient Macedonia whose confrontations with the Romans led to his defeat and his loss of control over Greece


source_id: ili:i96558
language: en
text:
king of France who founded the Valois dynasty; his dispute with Edward III over his succession led to the Hundred Years' War (1293-1350)


source_id: ili:i96559
language: en
text:
friend of Damon; Phintias (according to legend) was condemned to death by Dionysius the Elder and asked a respite to put his affairs in order; Damon pledged his life for the return of his friend; when Phintias returned in time the tyrant released them both (4th century BC)


source_id: ili:i96560
language: en
text:
Patriarch of Constantinople and saint of the Greek Orthodox Church; was condemned by the Fourth Council of Constantinople in 869 but was reinstated by a later pope


source_id: ili:i96568
language: en
text:
United States sexual physiologist whose hunch that progesterone could block ovulation led to the development of the oral contraceptive pill (1903-1967)


source_id: ili:i96578
language: en
text:
Italian pope from 1458 to 1464 who is remembered for his unsuccessful attempt to lead a crusade against the Turks (1405-1464)


source_id: ili:i96579
language: en
text:
Italian pope from 1566 to 1572 who led the reformation of the Roman Catholic Church; he excommunicated Elizabeth I (1504-1572)


source_id: ili:i96580
language: en
text:
Italian pope from 1775 to 1799 who served during the French Revolution; Napoleon attacked the Papal States and in 1797 Pius VI was taken to France where he died (1717-1799)


source_id: ili:i96581
language: en
text:
Italian pope from 1800 to 1823 who was humiliated by Napoleon and taken prisoner in 1809; he concluded a concordat with Napoleon and crowned him emperor of France; he returned to Rome in 1814 (1740-1823)


source_id: ili:i96582
language: en
text:
Italian pope from 1846 to 1878 who in 1854 declared the dogma of the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary


source_id: ili:i96583
language: en
text:
pope who condemned religious modernism; he was canonized in 1954 because of his interest in the poor (1835-1914)


source_id: ili:i96584
language: en
text:
pope who signed a treaty with Mussolini recognizing the Vatican City as an independent state (1857-1939)


source_id: ili:i96585
language: en
text:
pope who maintained neutrality during World War II and was later criticized for not aiding the Jews who were persecuted by Hitler (1876-1958)


source_id: ili:i96586
language: en
text:
Spanish conquistador who conquered the Incas in what is now Peru and founded the city of Lima (1475-1541)


source_id: ili:i96587
language: en
text:
German physicist whose explanation of blackbody radiation in the context of quantized energy emissions initiated quantum theory (1858-1947)


source_id: ili:i96591
language: en
text:
Roman author of an encyclopedic natural history; died while observing the eruption of Vesuvius (23-79)


source_id: ili:i96592
language: en
text:
Roman writer and nephew of Pliny the Elder; author of books of letters that commented on affairs of the day (62-113)


source_id: ili:i96595
language: en
text:
a Powhatan woman (the daughter of Powhatan) who befriended the English at Jamestown and is said to have saved Captain John Smith's life (1595-1617)


source_id: ili:i96598
language: en
text:
11th President of the United States; his expansionism led to the Mexican War and the annexation of California and much of the southwest (1795-1849)


source_id: ili:i96600
language: en
text:
United States artist famous for painting with a drip technique; a leader of abstract expressionism in America (1912-1956)


source_id: ili:i96602
language: en
text:
Greek bishop of Smyrna who refused to recant his Christian faith and was burned to death by pagans (circa 69-155)


source_id: ili:i96604
language: en
text:
Roman general and statesman who quarrelled with Caesar and fled to Egypt where he was murdered (106-48 BC)


source_id: ili:i96605
language: en
text:
Spanish explorer who accompanied Columbus on his second trip in 1493; in 1513 he discovered Florida while searching for the legendary Fountain of Youth (1460-1521)


source_id: ili:i96610
language: en
text:
British philosopher (born in Austria) who argued that scientific theories can never be proved to be true, but are tested by attempts to falsify them (1902-1994)


source_id: ili:i96615
language: en
text:
United States female author who wrote a book and a syndicated newspaper column on etiquette (1872-1960)


source_id: ili:i96617
language: en
text:
a Russian officer and politician who was a favorite of Catherine II and in 1762 helped her to seize power; when she visited the Crimea in 1787 he gave the order for sham villages to be built (1739-1791)


source_id: ili:i96619
language: en
text:
United States writer who lived in Europe; strongly influenced the development of modern literature (1885-1972)


source_id: ili:i96621
language: en
text:
English physicist who discovered the pion (the first known meson) which is a subatomic particle involved in holding the nucleus together (1903-1969)


source_id: ili:i96622
language: en
text:
United States general who was the first African American to serve as chief of staff; later served as Secretary of State under President George W. Bush (born 1937)


source_id: ili:i96623
language: en
text:
Indian chief and founder of the Powhatan confederacy of tribes in eastern Virginia; father of Pocahontas (1550?-1618)


source_id: ili:i96627
language: en
text:
United States rock singer whose many hit records and flamboyant style greatly influenced American popular music (1935-1977)


source_id: ili:i96627
language: de
text:
US-amerikanischer Rocksänger, der mit seinen zahlreichen Hits und seinem extravaganten Stil die amerikanische Popmusik stark beeinflusste (1935-1977)


source_id: ili:i96630
language: en
text:
English chemist who isolated many gases and discovered oxygen (independently of Scheele) (1733-1804)


source_id: ili:i96631
language: en
text:
Russian physicist whose research into ways of moving electrons around atoms led to the development of masers and lasers for producing high-intensity radiation (1916-2002)


source_id: ili:i96635
language: en
text:
Alexandrian astronomer (of the 2nd century) who proposed a geocentric system of astronomy that was undisputed until the late Renaissance


source_id: ili:i96636
language: en
text:
the king of Egypt who founded the Macedonian dynasty in Egypt; a close friend and general of Alexander the Great who took charge of Egypt after Alexander died (circa 367-285 BC)


source_id: ili:i96637
language: en
text:
son of Ptolemy I and king of Egypt who was said to be responsible for the Septuagint (circa 309-247 BC)


source_id: ili:i96639
language: en
text:
English architect who played a prominent role in the 19th century revival of Gothic architecture (1812-1852)


source_id: ili:i96642
language: en
text:
Bohemian physiologist remembered for his discovery of Purkinje cells and the Purkinje network (1787-1869)


source_id: ili:i96643
language: en
text:
English theologian who (with John Henry Newman and John Keble) founded the Oxford movement (1800-1882)


source_id: ili:i96645
language: en
text:
Russian statesman chosen as president of the Russian Federation in 2000; formerly director of the Federal Security Bureau (born in 1952)


source_id: ili:i96647
language: en
text:
United States writer of pessimistic novels about life in a technologically advanced society (born in 1937)


source_id: ili:i96649
language: en
text:
Greek philosopher and mathematician who proved the Pythagorean theorem; considered to be the first true mathematician (circa 580-500 BC)


source_id: ili:i96650
language: en
text:
Libyan leader who seized power in a military coup d'etat in 1969; deposed the Libyan monarchy and imposed socialism and Islamic orthodoxy on the country (born in 1942)


source_id: ili:i96651
language: en
text:
the first Qin emperor who unified China, built much of the Great Wall, standardized weights and measures, and created a common currency and legal system (died 210 BC)


source_id: ili:i96653
language: en
text:
United States philosopher and logician who championed an empirical view of knowledge that depended on language (1908-2001)


source_id: ili:i96660
language: en
text:
a chief of the Sioux; he was with Sitting Bull and others at the Battle of Little Bighorn (1876) when General Custer's troops were massacred (1835-1905)


source_id: ili:i96661
language: en
text:
English courtier (a favorite of Elizabeth I) who tried to colonize Virginia; introduced potatoes and tobacco to England (1552-1618)


source_id: ili:i96662
language: en
text:
French composer of operas whose writings laid the foundation for the modern theory of harmony (1683-1764)


source_id: ili:i96666
language: en
text:
United States writer (born in Russia) noted for her polemical novels and political conservativism (1905-1982)


source_id: ili:i96667
language: en
text:
leader in the women's suffrage movement in Montana; the first woman to serve in the United States House of Representatives (1880-1973)


source_id: ili:i96669
language: en
text:
Danish philologist whose work on Old Norse pioneered in the field of comparative linguistics (1787-1832)


source_id: ili:i96670
language: en
text:
Danish ethnologist and Arctic explorer; led expeditions into the Arctic to find support for his theory that Eskimos and North American Indians originally migrated from Asia (1879-1933)


source_id: ili:i96671
language: en
text:
Siberian peasant monk who was religious advisor in the court of Nicholas II; was assassinated by Russian noblemen who feared that his debauchery would weaken the monarchy (1872-1916)


source_id: ili:i96674
language: en
text:
English physicist who studied the density of gases and discovered argon; made important contributions to acoustic theory (1842-1919)


source_id: ili:i96678
language: en
text:
leader of the Oglala who resisted the development of a trail through Wyoming and Montana by the United States government (1822-1909)


source_id: ili:i96681
language: en
text:
United States journalist who reported on the October Revolution from Petrograd in 1917; founded the Communist Labor Party in America in 1919; is buried in the Kremlin in Moscow (1887-1920)


