# glosses

source_id: ili:i96682
language: en
text:
United States jurist who served as an associate justice on the United States Supreme Court from 1972 until 1986, when he was appointed chief justice (born in 1924)


source_id: ili:i96684
language: en
text:
Austrian born psychoanalyst who lived in the United States; advocated sexual freedom and believed that cosmic energy could be concentrated in a human being (1897-1957)


source_id: ili:i96687
language: en
text:
German bacteriologist who described a disease now known as Reiter's syndrome and who identified the spirochete that causes syphilis in humans (1881-1969)


source_id: ili:i96692
language: en
text:
American silversmith remembered for his midnight ride (celebrated in a poem by Longfellow) to warn the colonists in Lexington and Concord that British troops were coming (1735-1818)


source_id: ili:i96695
language: en
text:
British colonial financier and statesman in South Africa; made a fortune in gold and diamond mining; helped colonize the territory now known as Zimbabwe; he endowed annual fellowships for British Commonwealth and United States students to study at Oxford University (1853-1902)


source_id: ili:i96695
language: de
text:
Britischer Kolonialfinanzier und Staatsmann in Südafrika; machte ein Vermögen im Gold- und Diamantenbergbau; half bei der Kolonisierung des Gebiets, das heute als Simbabwe bekannt ist; er stiftete jährliche Stipendien für Studenten aus dem britischen Commonwealth und den Vereinigten Staaten zum Studium an der Universität Oxford (1853-1902)


source_id: ili:i96696
language: en
text:
English economist who argued that the laws of supply and demand should operate in a free market (1772-1823)


source_id: ili:i96699
language: en
text:
son of Henry II and King of England from 1189 to 1199; a leader of the Third Crusade; on his way home from the crusade he was captured and held prisoner in the Holy Roman Empire until England ransomed him in 1194 (1157-1199)


source_id: ili:i96700
language: en
text:
King of England from 1377 to 1399; he suppressed the Peasant's Revolt in 1381 but his reign was marked by popular discontent and baronial opposition in British Parliament and he was forced to abdicate in 1399 (1367-1400)


source_id: ili:i96701
language: en
text:
King of England from 1483 to 1485; seized the throne from his nephew Edward V who was confined to the Tower of London and murdered; his reign ended when he was defeated by Henry Tudor (later Henry VII) at the battle of Bosworth Field (1452-1485)


source_id: ili:i96702
language: en
text:
English literary critic who collaborated with C. K. Ogden and contributed to the development of Basic English (1893-1979)


source_id: ili:i96712
language: en
text:
German poet (born in Austria) whose imagery and mystic lyricism influenced 20th-century German literature (1875-1926)


source_id: ili:i96716
language: en
text:
United States astronomer said to have built the first telescope made in America; also the first director of the United States Mint (1732-1796)


source_id: ili:i96719
language: en
text:
United States choreographer who brought human emotion to classical ballet and spirited reality to Broadway musicals (1918-1998)


source_id: ili:i96724
language: en
text:
United States biochemist (born in England) honored for his discovery that some genes contain introns (born in 1943)


source_id: ili:i96727
language: en
text:
French revolutionary; leader of the Jacobins and architect of the Reign of Terror; was himself executed in a coup d'etat (1758-1794)


source_id: ili:i96731
language: en
text:
United States historian who stressed the importance of intellectual and social events for the course of history (1863-1936)


source_id: ili:i96733
language: en
text:
United States prizefighter who won the world middleweight championship five times and the world welterweight championship once (1921-1989)


source_id: ili:i96735
language: en
text:
French general who commanded French troops in the American Revolution, notably at Yorktown (1725-1807)


source_id: ili:i96736
language: en
text:
United States gynecologist and devout Catholic who conducted the first clinical trials of the oral contraceptive pill (1890-1984)


source_id: ili:i96737
language: en
text:
United States industrialist who made a fortune in the oil business and gave half of it away (1839-1937)


source_id: ili:i96738
language: en
text:
English statesman who served as prime minister and who opposed the war with the American colonies (1730-1782)


source_id: ili:i96739
language: en
text:
United States illustrator whose works present a sentimental idealized view of everyday life (1894-1978)


source_id: ili:i96740
language: en
text:
United States composer of musical comedies (especially in collaboration with Oscar Hammerstein II and with Lorenz Hart) (1902-1979)


source_id: ili:i96742
language: en
text:
United States engineer (born in Germany) who designed and began construction of the Brooklyn bridge (1806-1869)


source_id: ili:i96746
language: en
text:
United States humorist remembered for his homespun commentary on politics and American society (1879-1935)


source_id: ili:i96750
language: en
text:
German field marshal noted for brilliant generalship in North Africa during World War II (1891-1944)


source_id: ili:i96750
language: de
text:
Deutscher Feldmarschall, bekannt für seine brillanten Feldzüge in Nordafrika während des Zweiten Weltkriegs (1891-1944)


source_id: ili:i96751
language: en
text:
26th President of the United States; hero of the Spanish-American War; Panama Canal was built during his administration


source_id: ili:i96752
language: en
text:
32nd President of the United States; elected four times; instituted New Deal to counter the Great Depression and led country during World War II (1882-1945)


source_id: ili:i96754
language: en
text:
American seamstress said to have made the first American flag at the request of George Washington (1752-1836)


source_id: ili:i96757
language: en
text:
British explorer of the Arctic and Antarctic; located the north magnetic pole in 1831; discovered the Ross Sea in Antarctica; nephew of Sir John Ross (1800-1862)


source_id: ili:i96758
language: en
text:
Scottish explorer who led Arctic expeditions that yielded geographic discoveries while searching for the Northwest Passage (1777-1856)


source_id: ili:i96763
language: en
text:
United States abstract painter (born in Russia) whose paintings are characterized by horizontal bands of color with indistinct boundaries (1903-1970)


source_id: ili:i96766
language: en
text:
French philosopher and writer born in Switzerland; believed that the natural goodness of man was warped by society; ideas influenced the French Revolution (1712-1778)


source_id: ili:i96770
language: en
text:
United States pianist (born in Poland) known for his interpretations of the music of Chopin (1886-1982)


source_id: ili:i96771
language: en
text:
German field marshal in World War II who directed the conquest of Poland and led the Ardennes counteroffensive (1875-1953)


source_id: ili:i96772
language: en
text:
United States writer of humorous stylized stories about Broadway and the New York underground (1884-1946)


source_id: ili:i96775
language: en
text:
British writer of novels who was born in India; one of his novels is regarded as blasphemous by Muslims and a fatwa was issued condemning him to death (born in 1947)


source_id: ili:i96783
language: en
text:
United States religious leader who founded the sect that is now called Jehovah's Witnesses (1852-1916)


source_id: ili:i96786
language: en
text:
British physicist (born in New Zealand) who discovered the atomic nucleus and proposed a nuclear model of the atom (1871-1937)


source_id: ili:i96788
language: en
text:
United States jurist and second chief justice of the United States Supreme Court; he was appointed by George Washington and briefly served as chief justice but was ultimately rejected by the United States Senate (1739-1800)


source_id: ili:i96790
language: en
text:
Finnish architect and city planner who moved to the United States in 1923; father of Eero Saarinen (1873-1950)


source_id: ili:i96791
language: en
text:
United States microbiologist (born in Poland) who developed the Sabin vaccine that is taken orally against poliomyelitis (born 1906)


source_id: ili:i96793
language: en
text:
United States anarchist (born in Italy) who with Bartolomeo Vanzetti was convicted of murder and in spite of world-wide protest was executed (1891-1927)


source_id: ili:i96794
language: en
text:
Egyptian statesman who (as president of Egypt) negotiated a peace treaty with Menachem Begin (then prime minister of Israel) (1918-1981)


source_id: ili:i96795
language: en
text:
French soldier and writer whose descriptions of sexual perversion gave rise to the term `sadism' (1740-1814)


source_id: ili:i96797
language: en
text:
Soviet physicist and dissident; helped develop the first Russian hydrogen bomb; advocated nuclear disarmament and campaigned for human rights (1921-1989)


source_id: ili:i96798
language: en
text:
sultan of Syria and Egypt; reconquered Jerusalem from the Christians in 1187 but was defeated by Richard Coeur de Lion in 1191 (1137-1193)


source_id: ili:i96800
language: en
text:
United States virologist who developed the Salk vaccine that is injected against poliomyelitis (born 1914)


source_id: ili:i96802
language: en
text:
American financier and American Revolutionary War patriot who helped fund the army during the American Revolution (1740?-1785)


source_id: ili:i96803
language: en
text:
(Old Testament) a judge of Israel who performed herculean feats of strength against the Philistines until he was betrayed to them by his mistress Delilah


source_id: ili:i96806
language: en
text:
United States writer remembered for his poetry in free verse and his six volume biography of Abraham Lincoln (1878-1967)


source_id: ili:i96807
language: en
text:
United States nurse who campaigned for birth control and planned parenthood; she challenged Gregory Pincus to develop a birth control pill (1883-1966)


source_id: ili:i96808
language: en
text:
English biochemist who determined the sequence of amino acids in insulin and who invented a technique to determine the genetic sequence of an organism (born in 1918)


source_id: ili:i96809
language: en
text:
Mexican general who tried to crush the Texas revolt and who lost battles to Winfield Scott and Zachary Taylor in the Mexican War (1795-1876)


source_id: ili:i96811
language: en
text:
the Greek lyric poet of Lesbos; much admired although only fragments of her poetry have been preserved (6th century BC)


source_id: ili:i96819
language: en
text:
(Old Testament) the first king of the Israelites who defended Israel against many enemies (especially the Philistines)


source_id: ili:i96820
language: en
text:
Italian religious and political reformer; a Dominican friar in Florence who preached against sin and corruption and gained a large following; he expelled the Medici from Florence but was later excommunicated and executed for criticizing the Pope (1452-1498)


source_id: ili:i96823
language: en
text:
Danish historian who chronicled the history of Denmark (including the legend of Hamlet) (1150?-1220?)


source_id: ili:i96826
language: en
text:
fashion designer born in Italy who was noted for her use of synthetic materials and brilliant colors (1896-1973)


source_id: ili:i96827
language: en
text:
Italian astronomer who first noted lines (which he called canals) on the surface of Mars (1835-1910)


source_id: ili:i96832
language: en
text:
German archaeologist who discovered nine superimposed city sites of Troy; he also excavated Mycenae (1822-1890)


source_id: ili:i96834
language: en
text:
United States composer (born in Austria) and pianist noted for his interpretations of the works of Mozart and Beethoven and Schubert (1882-1951)


source_id: ili:i96836
language: en
text:
United States composer and musical theorist (born in Austria) who developed atonal composition (1874-1951)


source_id: ili:i96837
language: en
text:
United States geologist and ethnologist and explorer who discovered the source of the Mississippi River (1793-1864)


source_id: ili:i96843
language: en
text:
German pianist and composer of piano music; renowned for her interpretation of music, especially the music of her husband Robert Schumann (1819-1896)


source_id: ili:i96846
language: en
text:
German physiologist and histologist who in 1838 and 1839 identified the cell as the basic structure of plant and animal tissue (1810-1882)


source_id: ili:i96847
language: en
text:
French philosopher and physician and organist who spent most of his life as a medical missionary in Gabon (1875-1965)


source_id: ili:i96848
language: en
text:
Roman general who commanded the invasion of Carthage in the second Punic War and defeated Hannibal at Zama (circa 237-183 BC)


source_id: ili:i96849
language: en
text:
Tennessee highschool teacher who violated a state law by teaching evolution; in a highly publicized trial in 1925 he was prosecuted by William Jennings Bryan and defended by Clarence Darrow (1900-1970)


source_id: ili:i96851
language: en
text:
United States slave who sued for liberty after living in a non-slave state; caused the Supreme Court to declare the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional (1795?-1858)


source_id: ili:i96853
language: en
text:
United States general who was a hero of the War of 1812 and who defeated Santa Anna in the Mexican War (1786-1866)


source_id: ili:i96854
language: en
text:
English explorer who reached the South Pole just a month after Amundsen; he and his party died on the return journey (1868-1912)


source_id: ili:i96859
language: en
text:
United States newspaper publisher who founded an important press association; half-brother of James Edmund Scripps (1854-1926)


source_id: ili:i96863
language: en
text:
United States folk singer who was largely responsible for the interest in folk music in the 1960s (born in 1919)


source_id: ili:i96867
language: en
text:
Macedonian general who accompanied Alexander the Great into Asia; founded a line of kings who reigned in Asia Minor until 65 BC (358-281 BC)


source_id: ili:i96868
language: en
text:
Scottish sailor who was put ashore on a deserted island off the coast of Chile for five years (providing the basis for Daniel Defoe's novel about Robinson Crusoe) (1676-1721)


source_id: ili:i96871
language: en
text:
Roman statesman and philosopher who was an advisor to Nero; his nine extant tragedies are modeled on Greek tragedies (circa 4 BC - 65 AD)


source_id: ili:i96873
language: en
text:
king of Assyria who invaded Judea twice and defeated Babylon and rebuilt Nineveh after it had been destroyed by Babylonians (died in 681 BC)


source_id: ili:i96880
language: en
text:
United States religious leader who was the first person born in the United States to be canonized (1774-1821)


source_id: ili:i96882
language: en
text:
United States politician who as Secretary of State in 1867 arranged for the purchase of Alaska from Russia (known at the time as Seward's Folly) (1801-1872)


source_id: ili:i96885
language: en
text:
Mogul emperor of India during whose reign the finest monuments of Mogul architecture were built (including the Taj Mahal at Agra) (1592-1666)


source_id: ili:i96902
language: en
text:
American Revolutionary leader and signer of the Declaration of Independence and the Articles of Confederation and the United States Constitution (1721-1793)


source_id: ili:i96903
language: en
text:
United States general who was commander of all Union troops in the West; he captured Atlanta and led a destructive march to the sea that cut the Confederacy in two (1820-1891)


source_id: ili:i96908
language: en
text:
United States physicist (born in England) who contributed to the development of the electronic transistor (1910-1989)


source_id: ili:i96916
language: en
text:
United States industrialist (born in Russia) who designed the first four-engine airplane and the first mass-produced helicopter (1889-1972)


source_id: ili:i96919
language: en
text:
French writer (born in Belgium) best known for his detective novels featuring Inspector Maigret (1903-1989)


source_id: ili:i96920
language: en
text:
United States economist and psychologist who pioneered in the development of cognitive science (1916-2001)


source_id: ili:i96924
language: en
text:
Scottish obstetrician and surgeon who pioneered in the use of ether and discovered the anesthetic effects of chloroform (1811-1870)


source_id: ili:i96925
language: en
text:
United States divorcee whose marriage to Edward VIII created a constitutional crisis leading to his abdication


source_id: ili:i96927
language: en
text:
English electrical engineer who founded a company that introduced many innovative products (born in 1940)


source_id: ili:i96932
language: en
text:
Indian general and nawab of Bengal who opposed the colonization of India by England; he captured Calcutta in 1756 and many of his prisoners suffocated in a crowded room that became known as the Black Hole of Calcutta; he was defeated at the battle of Plassey by a group of Indian nobles in alliance with Robert Clive (1728-1757)


source_id: ili:i96933
language: en
text:
Dutch astronomer who calculated the size of the universe and suggested that it is expanding (1872-1934)


source_id: ili:i96934
language: en
text:
a chief of the Sioux; took up arms against settlers in the northern Great Plains and against United States Army troops; he was present at the Battle of Little Bighorn (1876) when the Sioux massacred General Custer's troops (1831-1890)


source_id: ili:i96936
language: en
text:
Italian pope from 1471 to 1484 who consented to the establishment of the Spanish Inquisition and built the Sistine Chapel (1414-1484)


source_id: ili:i96941
language: en
text:
American chemist who with Robert Curl and Harold Kroto discovered fullerenes and opened a new branch of chemistry (born in 1943)


source_id: ili:i96944
language: en
text:
English explorer who helped found the colony at Jamestown, Virginia; was said to have been saved by Pocahontas (1580-1631)


source_id: ili:i96958
language: en
text:
English chemist whose work on radioactive disintegration led to the discovery of isotopes (1877-1956)


source_id: ili:i96961
language: en
text:
Soviet writer and political dissident whose novels exposed the brutality of Soviet labor camps (born in 1918)


source_id: ili:i96974
language: en
text:
English explorer who with Sir Richard Burton was the first European to explore Lake Tanganyika; he also discovered Lake Victoria and named it (1827-1864)


source_id: ili:i96975
language: en
text:
English philosopher and sociologist who applied the theory of natural selection to human societies (1820-1903)


source_id: ili:i96978
language: en
text:
English poet who wrote an allegorical romance celebrating Elizabeth I in the Spenserian stanza (1552-1599)


source_id: ili:i96983
language: en
text:
United States pediatrician whose many books on child care influenced the upbringing of children around the world (1903-1998)


source_id: ili:i96986
language: en
text:
Russian leader who succeeded Lenin as head of the Communist Party and created a totalitarian state by purging all opposition (1879-1953)


source_id: ili:i96987
language: en
text:
English colonist in America; leader of the Pilgrims in the early days of the Plymouth Colony (1584-1656)


source_id: ili:i96989
language: en
text:
Russian actor and theater director who trained his actors to emphasize the psychological motivation of their roles (1863-1938)


source_id: ili:i96990
language: en
text:
Welsh journalist and explorer who led an expedition to Africa in search of David Livingstone and found him in Tanzania in 1871; he and Livingstone together tried to find the source of the Nile River (1841-1904)


source_id: ili:i96992
language: en
text:
United States suffragist and feminist; called for reform of the practices that perpetuated sexual inequality (1815-1902)


source_id: ili:i970
language: en
text:
sanctioned by or consistent with or operating under the law determining the fundamental political principles of a government


source_id: ili:i970
language: de
text:
durch das Gesetz, das die grundlegenden politischen Prinzipien einer Regierung festlegt, sanktioniert oder mit ihm vereinbar oder nach ihm tätig


source_id: ili:i97004
language: en
text:
United States civil engineer noted for designing suspension bridges (including the George Washington Bridge) (1886-1960)


source_id: ili:i97006
language: en
text:
United States piano maker (born in Germany) who founded a famous piano manufacturing firm in New York (1797-1871)


source_id: ili:i97009
language: en
text:
French writer whose novels were the first to feature psychological analysis of the character (1783-1842)


source_id: ili:i97015
language: en
text:
American Revolutionary leader (born in Prussia) who trained the troops under George Washington (1730-1794)


source_id: ili:i97018
language: en
text:
United States psychologist and psychophysicist who proposed Stevens' power law to replace Fechner's law (1906-1973)


source_id: ili:i97024
language: en
text:
United States general who commanded the Allied forces in China and Burma and India during World War II (1883-1946)


source_id: ili:i97033
language: en
text:
United States jurist who was named chief justice of the United States Supreme Court in 1941 by Franklin D. Roosevelt (1872-1946)


source_id: ili:i97038
language: en
text:
Italian violin maker who developed the modern violin and created violins of unequaled tonal quality (1644?-1737)


source_id: ili:i97038
language: de
text:
Italienischer Geigenbauer, der die moderne Geige entwickelte und Geigen von unvergleichlicher Klangqualität schuf (1644?-1737)


source_id: ili:i97039
language: en
text:
United States actor and film director (born in Austria) who was a leader in developing method acting in the United States (1901-1982)


source_id: ili:i97041
language: en
text:
Austrian composer and son of Strauss the Elder; composed many famous waltzes and became known as the `waltz king' (1825-1899)


source_id: ili:i97042
language: en
text:
German composer of many operas; collaborated with librettist Hugo von Hoffmannsthal to produce several operas (1864-1949)


source_id: ili:i9705
language: en
text:
pointedly referring to or concerning a person's individual personality or intimate affairs especially offensively


source_id: ili:i97051
language: en
text:
the last Dutch colonial administrator of New Netherland; in 1664 he was forced to surrender the colony to England (1592-1672)


source_id: ili:i97056
language: en
text:
Indonesian statesman who obtained the independence of Indonesia from the Netherlands in 1949 and served as president until ousted by Suharto in a coup d'etat (1901-1970)


source_id: ili:i97062
language: en
text:
United States architect known for his steel framed skyscrapers and for coining the phrase `form follows function' (1856-1924)


source_id: ili:i97067
language: en
text:
Chinese statesman who organized the Kuomintang and led the revolution that overthrew the Manchu dynasty in 1911 and 1912 (1866-1925)


source_id: ili:i97070
language: en
text:
Dutch naturalist and microscopist who proposed a classification of insects and who was among the first to recognize cells in animals and was the first to see red blood cells (1637-1680)


source_id: ili:i97084
language: en
text:
United States physicist and molecular biologist who helped develop the first atom bomb and later opposed the use of all nuclear weapons (1898-1964)


source_id: ili:i97086
language: en
text:
27th President of the United States and later chief justice of the United States Supreme Court (1857-1930)


source_id: ili:i97088
language: en
text:
Indian writer and philosopher whose poetry (based on traditional Hindu themes) pioneered the use of colloquial Bengali (1861-1941)


source_id: ili:i97089
language: en
text:
English inventor and pioneer in photography who published the first book illustrated with photographs (1800-1877)


source_id: ili:i97090
language: en
text:
United States ballerina who promoted American ballet through tours and television appearances (born in 1925)


source_id: ili:i97092
language: en
text:
English organist and composer of church and secular music; was granted a monopoly in music printing with William Byrd (1505-1585)


source_id: ili:i97093
language: en
text:
Mongolian ruler of Samarkand who led his nomadic hordes to conquer an area from Turkey to Mongolia (1336-1405)


source_id: ili:i97095
language: en
text:
Norman leader in the First Crusade who played an important role in the capture of Jerusalem (1078-1112)


source_id: ili:i97096
language: en
text:
United States actress (born in England) who made many stage appearances, often with her husband Hume Cronyn (1909-1994)


source_id: ili:i97097
language: en
text:
United States jurist who served as chief justice of the United States Supreme Court; remembered for his ruling that slaves and their descendants have no rights as citizens (1777-1864)


source_id: ili:i97102
language: en
text:
United States writer remembered for her muckraking investigations into industries in the early 20th century (1857-1944)


source_id: ili:i97104
language: en
text:
according to legend, the seventh and last Etruscan king of Rome who was expelled for his cruelty (reigned from 534 to 510 BC)


source_id: ili:i97106
language: en
text:
Italian poet who wrote an epic poem about the capture of Jerusalem during the First Crusade (1544-1595)


source_id: ili:i97109
language: en
text:
United States jazz pianist who was almost completely blind; his innovations influenced many other jazz musicians (1910-1956)


source_id: ili:i97110
language: en
text:
United States biochemist who discovered how genes act by regulating definite chemical events (1909-1975)


source_id: ili:i97113
language: en
text:
United States film actress (born in England) who was a childhood star; as an adult she often co-starred with Richard Burton (born in 1932)


source_id: ili:i97116
language: en
text:
an English pirate who operated in the Caribbean and off the Atlantic coast of North America (died in 1718)


source_id: ili:i97119
language: en
text:
a famous chief of the Shawnee who tried to unite Indian tribes against the increasing white settlement (1768-1813)


source_id: ili:i97123
language: en
text:
United States physicist (born in Hungary) who worked on the first atom bomb and the first hydrogen bomb (1908-2003)


source_id: ili:i97126
language: en
text:
Sherpa mountaineer guide who with Sir Edmund Hillary was one of the first to attain the summit of Mount Everest (1914-1986)


source_id: ili:i97127
language: en
text:
dramatist of ancient Rome (born in Greece) whose comedies were based on works by Menander (190?-159 BC)


source_id: ili:i97128
language: en
text:
Indian nun and missionary in the Roman Catholic Church (born of Albanian parents in what is now Macedonia); dedicated to helping the poor in India (1910-1997)


source_id: ili:i97129
language: en
text:
Spanish mystic and religious reformer; author of religious classics and a Christian saint (1515-1582)


source_id: ili:i97133
language: en
text:
United States electrical engineer and inventor (born in Croatia but of Serbian descent) who discovered the principles of alternating currents and developed the first alternating-current induction motor and the Tesla coil and several forms of oscillators (1856-1943)


source_id: ili:i97135
language: en
text:
a presocratic Greek philosopher and astronomer (who predicted an eclipse in 585 BC) who was said by Aristotle to be the founder of physical science; he held that all things originated in water (624-546 BC)


source_id: ili:i97138
language: en
text:
Athenian statesman who persuaded Athens to build a navy and then led it to victory over the Persians (527-460 BC)


source_id: ili:i97139
language: en
text:
the last emperor of a united Roman Empire, he took control of the eastern empire and ended the war with the Visigoths; he became a Christian and in 391 banned all forms of pagan worship (346-395)


source_id: ili:i97140
language: en
text:
Greek philosopher who was a student of Aristotle and who succeeded Aristotle as the leader of the Peripatetics (371-287 BC)


source_id: ili:i97144
language: en
text:
a radio broadcast journalist during World War I and World War II noted for his nightly new broadcast (1892-1981)


source_id: ili:i97147
language: en
text:
English physicist (born in America) who studied heat and friction; experiments convinced him that heat is caused by moving particles (1753-1814)


source_id: ili:i97148
language: en
text:
United States classical archaeologist (born in Canada) noted for leading the excavation of the Athenian agora (1906-2000)


source_id: ili:i97149
language: en
text:
English physicist who experimented with the conduction of electricity through gases and who discovered the electron and determined its charge and mass (1856-1940)


source_id: ili:i97150
language: en
text:
English physicist (son of Joseph John Thomson) who was a co-discoverer of the diffraction of electrons by crystals (1892-1975)


source_id: ili:i97151
language: en
text:
United States electrical engineer (born in England) who in 1892 formed a company with Thomas Edison (1853-1937)


source_id: ili:i97160
language: en
text:
son-in-law of Augustus who became a suspicious tyrannical Emperor of Rome after a brilliant military career (42 BC to AD 37)


source_id: ili:i97171
language: en
text:
Yugoslav statesman who led the resistance to German occupation during World War II and established a communist state after the war (1892-1980)


source_id: ili:i97178
language: en
text:
Japanese army officer who initiated the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor and who assumed dictatorial control of Japan during World War II; he was subsequently tried and executed as a war criminal (1884-1948)


source_id: ili:i97183
language: en
text:
Japanese molecular biologist noted for his studies of how the immune system produces antibodies (born in 1939)


source_id: ili:i97184
language: en
text:
the Spaniard who as Grand Inquisitor was responsible for the death of thousands of Jews and suspected witches during the Spanish Inquisition (1420-1498)


source_id: ili:i97190
language: en
text:
United States physicist who developed the laser and maser principles for producing high-intensity radiation (1915-)


source_id: ili:i97191
language: en
text:
United States social reformer who proposed an old-age pension sponsored by the federal government; his plan was a precursor to Social Security (1867-1960)


source_id: ili:i97192
language: en
text:
English historian who studied the rise and fall of civilizations looking for cyclical patterns (1889-1975)


source_id: ili:i97195
language: en
text:
Roman Emperor and adoptive son of Nerva; extended the Roman Empire to the east and conducted an extensive program of building (53-117)


source_id: ili:i97198
language: en
text:
English historian who wrote a history of the American revolution and a biography of his uncle Lord Macaulay (1838-1928)


source_id: ili:i97199
language: en
text:
English historian and son of Sir George Otto Trevelyan whose works include a social history of England and a biography of Garibaldi (1876-1962)


source_id: ili:i97204
language: en
text:
Russian revolutionary and Communist theorist who helped Lenin and built up the army; he was ousted from the Communist Party by Stalin and eventually assassinated in Mexico (1879-1940)


source_id: ili:i97206
language: en
text:
elected vice president in Roosevelt's 4th term; became 33rd President of the United States on Roosevelt's death in 1945 and was elected President in 1948; authorized the use of atomic bombs against Japan (1884-1972)


source_id: ili:i97207
language: en
text:
United States screenwriter who was blacklisted and imprisoned for refusing to cooperate with congressional investigations of communism in America (1905-1976)


source_id: ili:i97210
language: en
text:
American Revolutionary leader who as governor of Connecticut provided supplies for the Continental Army (1710-1785)


source_id: ili:i97211
language: en
text:
United States abolitionist and feminist who was freed from slavery and became a leading advocate of the abolition of slavery and for the rights of women (1797-1883)


source_id: ili:i97212
language: en
text:
United States abolitionist born a slave on a plantation in Maryland and became a famous conductor on the Underground Railroad leading other slaves to freedom in the North (1820-1913)


source_id: ili:i97217
language: en
text:
United States prizefighter who won the world heavyweight championship by defeating Jack Dempsey twice (1898-1978)


source_id: ili:i97219
language: en
text:
French economist who in 1774 was put in control of finances by Louis XVI; his proposals for reforms that involved abolishing feudal privileges made him unpopular with the aristocracy and in 1776 he was dismissed (1727-1781)


source_id: ili:i97220
language: en
text:
English mathematician who conceived of the Turing machine and broke German codes during World War II (1912-1954)


source_id: ili:i97221
language: en
text:
United States historian who stressed the role of the western frontier in American history (1861-1951)


source_id: ili:i97222
language: en
text:
English landscape painter whose treatment of light and color influenced the French impressionists (1775-1851)


source_id: ili:i97224
language: en
text:
United States slave and insurrectionist who in 1831 led a rebellion of slaves in Virginia; he was captured and executed (1800-1831)


source_id: ili:i97226
language: en
text:
French modeler (resident in England after 1802) who made wax death masks of prominent victims of the French Revolution and toured Britain with her wax models; in 1835 she opened a permanent waxworks exhibition in London (1761-1850)


source_id: ili:i97229
language: en
text:
elected vice president and became the 10th President of the United States when Harrison died (1790-1862)


source_id: ili:i97230
language: en
text:
English translator and Protestant martyr; his translation of the Bible into English (which later formed the basis for the King James Version) aroused ecclesiastical opposition; he left England in 1524 and was burned at the stake in Antwerp as a heretic (1494-1536)


source_id: ili:i97231
language: en
text:
British physicist (born in Ireland) remembered for his experiments on the transparency of gases and the absorption of radiant heat by gases and the transmission of sound through the atmosphere; he was the first person to explain why the daylight sky is blue (1820-1893)


source_id: ili:i97236
language: en
text:
a Christian believed to be of Cappadocian descent who became bishop of the Visigoths in 341 and translated the Bible from Greek into Gothic; traditionally held to have invented the Gothic alphabet (311-382)


source_id: ili:i97237
language: en
text:
a Roman Catholic who advocates ultramontanism (supreme papal authority in matters of faith and discipline)


source_id: ili:i97237
language: de
text:
ein römischer Katholik, der den Ultramontanismus vertritt (höchste päpstliche Autorität in Glaubens- und Disziplinarfragen)


source_id: ili:i97243
language: en
text:
French pope from 1362 to 1370 who tried to reestablish the papacy in Rome but in 1367 returned to Avignon hoping to end the war between France and England; canonized in 1870 (1310-1370)


source_id: ili:i97244
language: en
text:
Italian pope from 1378 to 1389 whose contested election began the Great Schism; he alienated his political allies by his ruthless treatment of his opponents (1318-1389)


source_id: ili:i97245
language: en
text:
Italian pope from 1623 to 1644 who sanctioned the condemnation of Galileo but later freed him (1568-1644)


source_id: ili:i97247
language: en
text:
(Old Testament) the husband of Bathsheba and a soldier who was sent to die in battle so that king David could marry his wife (circa 10th century BC)


source_id: ili:i97251
language: en
text:
United States physicist who discovered two belts of charged particles from the solar wind trapped by the Earth's magnetic field (born in 1914)


source_id: ili:i97256
language: en
text:
United States financier who accumulated great wealth from railroad and shipping businesses (1794-1877)


source_id: ili:i97263
language: en
text:
United States anarchist (born in Italy) who with Nicola Sacco was convicted of murder and in spite of world-wide protest was executed (1888-1927)


source_id: ili:i97264
language: en
text:
United States composer (born in France) whose music combines dissonance with complex rhythms and the use of electronic techniques (1883-1965)


source_id: ili:i97264
language: de
text:
US-amerikanischer Komponist (geboren in Frankreich), dessen Musik Dissonanzen mit komplexen Rhythmen und dem Einsatz elektronischer Techniken verbindet (1883-1965)


source_id: ili:i97278
language: en
text:
United States geneticist who published the complete base sequences for all the genes of a free-living organism, the influenza bacterium; later led team that developed a first draft of the entire human genome (born in 1946)


source_id: ili:i97291
language: en
text:
United States freed slave and insurrectionist in South Carolina who was involved in planning an uprising of slaves and was hanged (1767-1822)


source_id: ili:i97292
language: en
text:
Emperor of Rome and founder of the Flavian dynasty who consolidated Roman rule in Germany and Britain and reformed the army and brought prosperity to the empire; began the construction of the Colosseum (9-79)


source_id: ili:i97293
language: en
text:
Florentine navigator who explored the coast of South America; America was named in his honor (1454-1512)


source_id: ili:i97294
language: en
text:
Italian dancing-master for Louis XVI who was considered the greatest dancer of his day; he was the first to discard the mask in mime (1729-1808)


source_id: ili:i97296
language: en
text:
king of Italy who appointed Mussolini prime minister; he abdicated in 1946 and the monarchy was abolished (1869-1947)


source_id: ili:i97297
language: en
text:
queen of Great Britain and Ireland and empress of India from 1837 to 1901; the last Hanoverian ruler of England (1819-1901)


source_id: ili:i97306
language: en
text:
German pathologist who recognized that all cells come from cells by binary fission and who emphasized cellular abnormalities in disease (1821-1902)


source_id: ili:i97309
language: en
text:
Christian martyr and patron of those who suffer from epilepsy and Sydenham's chorea (died around 300)


source_id: ili:i9731
language: en
text:
not easily decolorized by acid solutions; pertains to micro-organisms (especially the tubercle bacillus that causes tuberculosis)


source_id: ili:i97313
language: en
text:
Italian physicist after whom the volt is named; studied electric currents and invented the voltaic pile (1745-1827)


source_id: ili:i97315
language: en
text:
United States writer whose novels and short stories are a mixture of realism and satire and science fiction (born in 1922)


source_id: ili:i97316
language: en
text:
United States mathematician who contributed to the development of atom bombs and of stored-program digital computers (1903-1957)


source_id: ili:i97317
language: en
text:
United States film maker (born in Austria) whose films made Marlene Dietrich an international star (1894-1969)


source_id: ili:i97321
language: en
text:
German composer of operas and inventor of the musical drama in which drama and spectacle and music are fused (1813-1883)


source_id: ili:i97324
language: en
text:
United States jurist who was appointed chief justice of the United States Supreme Court in 1874 by President Grant (1816-1888)


source_id: ili:i97326
language: en
text:
Austrian diplomat who was Secretary General of the United Nations from 1972 to 1981; in 1986 he was elected president of Austria in spite of worldwide allegations that he had direct knowledge of Nazi atrocities during World War II (born in 1918)


source_id: ili:i97329
language: en
text:
New Zealand runner who in 1975 became the first person to run a mile in less that 3 minutes and 50 seconds (born in 1952)


source_id: ili:i97329
language: de
text:
Neuseeländischer Läufer, der 1975 der erste Mensch war, der eine Meile in weniger als 3 Minuten und 50 Sekunden lief (geboren 1952)


source_id: ili:i97330
language: en
text:
English naturalist who formulated a concept of evolution that resembled Charles Darwin's (1823-1913)


source_id: ili:i97332
language: en
text:
Scottish insurgent who led the resistance to Edward I; in 1297 he gained control of Scotland briefly until Edward invaded Scotland again and defeated Wallace and subsequently executed him (1270-1305)


source_id: ili:i97335
language: en
text:
Englishman and Whig statesman who (under George I) was effectively the first British prime minister (1676-1745)


source_id: ili:i97343
language: en
text:
German biochemist who pioneered the use of chemical techniques in biological investigations; noted for studies of cellular respiration (1883-1970)


source_id: ili:i97348
language: en
text:
United States filmmaker who with his brothers founded the movie studio that produced the first talking picture (1881-1958)


source_id: ili:i97351
language: en
text:
English statesman; during the War of the Roses he fought first for the house of York and secured the throne for Edward IV and then changed sides to fight for the house of Lancaster and secured the throne for Henry VI (1428-1471)


source_id: ili:i97352
language: en
text:
1st President of the United States; commander-in-chief of the Continental Army during the American Revolution (1732-1799)


source_id: ili:i97353
language: en
text:
United States educator who was born a slave but became educated and founded a college at Tuskegee in Alabama (1856-1915)


source_id: ili:i97356
language: en
text:
United States geneticist who (with Crick in 1953) helped discover the helical structure of DNA (born in 1928)


source_id: ili:i97359
language: en
text:
Scottish engineer and inventor whose improvements in the steam engine led to its wide use in industry (1736-1819)


source_id: ili:i97363
language: en
text:
British field marshal in North Africa in World War II; he defeated the Italians before being defeated by the Germans (1883-1950)


source_id: ili:i97368
language: en
text:
German physiologist who studied sensory responses to stimuli and is considered the father of psychophysics (1795-1878)


source_id: ili:i97372
language: en
text:
German physicist and brother of E. H. Weber; noted for his studies of terrestrial magnetism (1804-1891)


source_id: ili:i97382
language: en
text:
German biologist who was one of the founders of modern genetics; his theory of genetic transmission ruled out the possibility of transmitting acquired characteristics (1834-1914)


source_id: ili:i97383
language: en
text:
Israeli statesman who persuaded the United States to recognize the new state of Israel and became its first president (1874-1952)


source_id: ili:i97386
language: en
text:
British general and statesman; he defeated Napoleon at Waterloo; subsequently served as Prime Minister (1769-1852)


source_id: ili:i97387
language: en
text:
prolific English writer best known for his science-fiction novels; he also wrote on contemporary social problems and wrote popular accounts of history and science (1866-1946)


source_id: ili:i97403
language: en
text:
United States educator who in 1865 (with Ezra Cornell) founded Cornell University and served as its first president (1832-1918)


source_id: ili:i97408
language: en
text:
United States jurist appointed chief justice of the United States Supreme Court in 1910 by President Taft; noted for his work on antitrust legislation (1845-1921)


source_id: ili:i97410
language: en
text:
United States frontier missionary who established a post in Oregon where Christianity and schooling and medicine were available to Native Americans (1802-1847)


source_id: ili:i97416
language: en
text:
United States writer (born in Romania) who survived Nazi concentration camps and is dedicated to keeping alive the memory of the Holocaust (born in 1928)


source_id: ili:i97418
language: en
text:
United States physicist (born in Hungary) noted for his work on the structure of the atom and its nucleus (1902-1995)


source_id: ili:i97420
language: en
text:
United States filmmaker (born in Austria) whose dark humor infused many of the films he made (1906-2002)


source_id: ili:i97422
language: en
text:
grandson of Queen Victoria and Kaiser of Germany from 1888 to 1918; he was vilified as causing World War I (1859-1941)


source_id: ili:i97424
language: en
text:
English reformer who published attacks on George III and supported the rights of the American colonists (1727-1797)


source_id: ili:i97432
language: en
text:
duke of Normandy who led the Norman invasion of England and became the first Norman to be King of England; he defeated Harold II at the battle of Hastings in 1066 and introduced many Norman customs into England (1027-1087)


source_id: ili:i97434
language: en
text:
King of England and Scotland and Ireland; he married the daughter of James II and was invited by opponents of James II to invade England; when James fled, William III and Mary II were declared joint monarchs (1650-1702)


source_id: ili:i97435
language: en
text:
King of England and Ireland; son of George III who ascended the throne after a long naval career (1765-1837)


source_id: ili:i97437
language: en
text:
English clergyman and colonist who was expelled from Massachusetts for criticizing Puritanism; he founded Providence in 1636 and obtained a royal charter for Rhode Island in 1663 (1603-1683)


source_id: ili:i9744
language: en
text:
having a corolla composed of partially or wholly fused petals forming a corolla shaped like a tube or funnel


source_id: ili:i97444
language: en
text:
28th President of the United States; led the United States in World War I and secured the formation of the League of Nations (1856-1924)


source_id: ili:i97447
language: en
text:
United States entomologist who has generalized from social insects to other animals including humans (born in 1929)


source_id: ili:i97448
language: en
text:
American Revolutionary leader who was one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence (1742-1798)


source_id: ili:i97453
language: en
text:
author of the first novel by an African American that was published in the United States (1808-1870)


source_id: ili:i97456
language: en
text:
English colonial administrator who traveled to America on the Mayflower and served as the first governor of the Plymouth Colony (1595-1655)


source_id: ili:i97457
language: en
text:
United States religious leader (born in Bohemia) who united reform Jewish organizations in the United States (1819-1900)


source_id: ili:i97460
language: en
text:
American Revolutionary leader and educator (born in Scotland) who signed of the Declaration of Independence and was president of the college that became Princeton University (1723-1794)


source_id: ili:i97463
language: en
text:
German classical scholar who claimed that the Iliad and Odyssey were composed by several authors (1759-1824)


source_id: ili:i97468
language: en
text:
English chemist and physicist who discovered palladium and rhodium and demonstrated that static and current electricity are the same (1766-1828)


source_id: ili:i97469
language: en
text:
English writer and early feminist who denied male supremacy and advocated equal education for women; mother of Mary Shelley (1759-1797)


source_id: ili:i97475
language: en
text:
United States advocate of women's suffrage; in 1872 she was the first woman to run for the United States presidency (1838-1927)


source_id: ili:i97478
language: en
text:
English author whose work used such techniques as stream of consciousness and the interior monologue; prominent member of the Bloomsbury Group (1882-1941)


source_id: ili:i97481
language: en
text:
United States businessman who opened a shop in 1879 selling low-priced goods and built it into a national chain of stores (1852-1919)


source_id: ili:i97483
language: en
text:
a romantic English poet whose work was inspired by the Lake District where he spent most of his life (1770-1850)


source_id: ili:i97484
language: en
text:
French couturier (born in England) regarded as the founder of Parisian haute couture; noted for introducing the bustle (1825-1895)


source_id: ili:i97489
language: en
text:
United States aviation pioneer who (with his brother Wilbur Wright) invented the airplane (1871-1948)


source_id: ili:i97490
language: en
text:
United States aviation pioneer who (with his brother Orville Wright) invented the airplane (1867-1912)


source_id: ili:i97497
language: en
text:
English theologian whose objections to Roman Catholic doctrine anticipated the Protestant Reformation (1328-1384)


source_id: ili:i97499
language: en
text:
English prelate and statesman; founded a college at Oxford and Winchester College in Winchester; served as chancellor of England and bishop of Winchester (1324-1404)


source_id: ili:i97504
language: en
text:
Spanish missionary and Jesuit who establish missionaries in Japan and Ceylon and the East Indies (1506-1552)


source_id: ili:i97507
language: en
text:
king of Persia who led a vast army against Greece and won the battle of Thermopylae but was eventually defeated (519-465 BC)


source_id: ili:i97508
language: en
text:
English philanthropist who made contributions to a college in Connecticut that was renamed in his honor (1649-1721)


source_id: ili:i97511
language: en
text:
United States physicist (born in China) who collaborated with Tsung Dao Lee in disproving the principle of conservation of parity (born in 1922)


source_id: ili:i97515
language: en
text:
French bacteriologist born in Switzerland; was a student of Pasteur; discovered the plague bacillus (1863-1943)


source_id: ili:i97517
language: en
text:
United States religious leader of the Mormon Church after the assassination of Joseph Smith; he led the Mormon exodus from Illinois to Salt Lake City, Utah (1801-1877)


source_id: ili:i97521
language: en
text:
British physicist and Egyptologist; he revived the wave theory of light and proposed a three-component theory of color vision; he also played an important role in deciphering the hieroglyphics on the Rosetta Stone (1773-1829)


source_id: ili:i97524
language: en
text:
Japanese mathematical physicist who proposed that nuclear forces are mediated by massive particles called mesons which are analogous to the photon in mediating electromagnetic forces (1907-1981)


source_id: ili:i97527
language: en
text:
United States filmmaker whose works include the first full-length feature film with sound sequences (1902-1979)


source_id: ili:i97530
language: en
text:
Dutch physicist honored for his research on the influence of magnetism on radiation which showed that light is radiated by the motion of charged particles in an atom (1865-1943)


source_id: ili:i97532
language: en
text:
ancient Greek philosopher who formulated paradoxes that defended the belief that motion and change are illusory (circa 495-430 BC)


source_id: ili:i97536
language: en
text:
Soviet general who during World Warr II directed the counteroffensive at Stalingrad and relieved Leningrad and captured Berlin (1896-1974)


source_id: ili:i97537
language: en
text:
United States theatrical producer noted for a series of extravagant revues known as the Ziegfeld Follies (1869-1932)


source_id: ili:i97556
language: en
text:
change in the electrical conductivity of a substance as a result of absorbing electromagnetic radiation


source_id: ili:i97567
language: en
text:
the phenomenon whereby a small change at one place in a complex system can have large effects elsewhere, e.g., a butterfly flapping its wings in Rio de Janeiro might change the weather in Chicago


source_id: ili:i9757
language: en
text:
producing distorted sensory perceptions and feelings or altered states of awareness or sometimes states resembling psychosis


source_id: ili:i9757
language: de
text:
verzerrte Sinneswahrnehmungen und Gefühle oder veränderte Bewusstseinszustände oder manchmal psychoseähnliche Zustände hervorrufend


source_id: ili:i97570
language: en
text:
(politics) the consequence of one popular candidate in an election drawing votes for other members of the same political party


source_id: ili:i97571
language: en
text:
(physics) an effect whereby a body moving in a rotating frame of reference experiences the Coriolis force acting perpendicular to the direction of motion and to the axis of rotation; on Earth the Coriolis effect deflects moving bodies to the right in the northern hemisphere and to the left in the southern hemisphere


source_id: ili:i97573
language: en
text:
the organic phenomenon in which one of a pair of alleles present in a genotype is expressed in the phenotype and the other allele of the pair is not


source_id: ili:i97574
language: en
text:
the consequence of one event setting off a chain of similar events (like a falling domino causing a whole row of upended dominos to fall)


source_id: ili:i97579
language: en
text:
(astronomy) any perturbation of the mean motion or orbit of a planet or satellite (especially a perturbation of the earth's moon)


source_id: ili:i97585
language: en
text:
any effect that seems to be a consequence of administering a placebo; the change is usually beneficial and is assumed result from the person's faith in the treatment or preconceptions about what the experimental drug was supposed to do; pharmacologists were the first to talk about placebo effects but now the idea has been generalized to many situations having nothing to do with drugs


source_id: ili:i97586
language: en
text:
(genetics) the effect on the expression of a gene that is produced by changing its location in a chromosome


source_id: ili:i97594
language: it
text:
forza sconosciuta e imprevedibile che influisce sugli avvenimenti producendo un esito positivo o negativo


source_id: ili:i97598
language: de
text:
ein optisches Phänomen, das darauf zurückzuführen ist, dass ein Objektiv oder ein Spiegel kein gutes Bild erzeugt


source_id: ili:i97600
language: en
text:
a dark band in the spectrum of white light that has been transmitted through a substance that exhibits absorption at selective wavelengths


source_id: ili:i97602
language: en
text:
the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation that has passed through a medium that absorbed radiation of certain wavelengths


source_id: ili:i97604
language: en
text:
the efficiency with which electromagnetic radiation produces a photochemical reaction plotted as a function of the wavelength of the radiation


source_id: ili:i97605
language: en
text:
the energy that an atomic system must acquire before a process (such as an emission or reaction) can occur


source_id: ili:i97607
language: de
text:
die der Schwerkraft entgegengesetzte Komponente der auf ein Tragflächenprofil wirkenden aerodynamischen Kräfte


source_id: ili:i97616
language: en
text:
the normal brainwave in the electroencephalogram of a person who is awake but relaxed; occurs with a frequency of 8-12 hertz


source_id: ili:i97619
language: de
text:
Energie, die aus Quellen gewonnen wird, die keine natürlichen Ressourcen verbrauchen oder die Umwelt schädigen


source_id: ili:i97624
language: en
text:
an optical illusion of motion produced by viewing a rapid succession of still pictures of a moving object


source_id: ili:i97624
language: de
text:
eine optische Täuschung der Bewegung, die durch die Betrachtung einer schnellen Abfolge von Standbildern eines sich bewegenden Objekts entsteht


source_id: ili:i97629
language: en
text:
(physics) a spectrum of radiation caused by electron transitions within an atom; the series of spectrum lines is characteristic of the element


source_id: ili:i97634
language: en
text:
an atmospheric phenomenon consisting of bands of light caused by charged solar particles following the earth's magnetic lines of force


source_id: ili:i97643
language: en
text:
the normal brainwave in the encephalogram of a person who is awake and alert; occurs with a frequency between 12 and 30 hertz


source_id: ili:i97644
language: en
text:
the energy required to separate particles from a molecule or atom or nucleus; equals the mass defect


source_id: ili:i97648
language: en
text:
the electromagnetic radiation that would be radiated from an ideal black body; the distribution of energy in the radiated spectrum of a black body depends only on temperature and is determined by Planck's radiation law


source_id: ili:i97649
language: en
text:
the pressure of the circulating blood against the walls of the blood vessels; results from the systole of the left ventricle of the heart; sometimes measured for a quick evaluation of a person's health


source_id: ili:i97649
language: de
text:
der Druck des zirkulierenden Blutes gegen die Wände der Blutgefäße; ergibt sich aus der Systole der linken Herzkammer; wird manchmal zur schnellen Beurteilung des Gesundheitszustandes einer Person gemessen


source_id: ili:i97650
language: en
text:
the blood pressure (as measured by a sphygmomanometer) during the contraction of the left ventricle of the heart


source_id: ili:i97651
language: en
text:
the blood pressure (as measured by a sphygmomanometer) after the contraction of the heart while the chambers of the heart refill with blood


source_id: ili:i97655
language: en
text:
(neurophysiology) rapid fluctuations of voltage between parts of the cerebral cortex that are detectable with an electroencephalograph


source_id: ili:i97671
language: en
text:
a phenomenon associated with surface tension and resulting in the elevation or depression of liquids in capillaries


source_id: ili:i97671
language: de
text:
ein Phänomen, das mit der Oberflächenspannung zusammenhängt und zum Ansteigen oder Absinken von Flüssigkeiten in Kapillaren führt


source_id: ili:i97673
language: en
text:
a long period of darkness and extreme cold that scientists predict would follow a full-scale nuclear war; a layer of dust and smoke in the atmosphere would cover the earth and block the rays of the sun; most living organisms would perish


source_id: ili:i97675
language: de
text:
die nach außen gerichtete Kraft auf einen Körper, der sich auf einer gekrümmten Bahn um einen anderen Körper bewegt


source_id: ili:i97676
language: de
text:
die nach innen gerichtete Kraft auf einen Körper, der sich auf einer gekrümmten Bahn um einen anderen Körper bewegt


source_id: ili:i97678
language: en
text:
the quantity of unbalanced electricity in a body (either positive or negative) and construed as an excess or deficiency of electrons


source_id: ili:i97678
language: de
text:
die Menge an unausgeglichener Elektrizität in einem Körper (entweder positiv oder negativ), die als Überschuss oder Mangel an Elektronen interpretiert wird


source_id: ili:i97679
language: en
text:
the electric charge at rest on the surface of an insulated body (which establishes and adjacent electrostatic field)


source_id: ili:i97681
language: en
text:
generation of an electric charge on certain crystals (such as tourmaline) as a result of a change in temperature


source_id: ili:i97681
language: de
text:
Erzeugung einer elektrischen Ladung an bestimmten Kristallen (z. B. Turmalin) als Folge einer Temperaturänderung


source_id: ili:i97685
language: de
text:
physikalisch-chemisches Phänomen, durch das zwei oder mehrere Atome oder Ionen fest zu chemischen Verbindungen aneinander gebunden sind


source_id: ili:i97688
language: de
text:
eine chemische Bindung, bei der ein Elektronenpaar zwischen den Atomen eines Moleküls ausgetauscht wird


source_id: ili:i97690
language: en
text:
a chemical bond consisting of a hydrogen atom between two electronegative atoms (e.g., oxygen or nitrogen) with one side be a covalent bond and the other being an ionic bond


source_id: ili:i97691
language: en
text:
a chemical bond in which one atom loses an electron to form a positive ion and the other atom gains an electron to form a negative ion


source_id: ili:i97691
language: de
text:
eine chemische Bindung, bei der ein Atom ein Elektron verliert, um ein positives Ion zu bilden, und das andere Atom ein Elektron gewinnt, um ein negatives Ion zu bilden


source_id: ili:i97692
language: de
text:
energiereiche Strahlung, die in der Lage ist, in den von ihr durchdrungenen Stoffen Ionisationen zu erzeugen


source_id: ili:i97695
language: de
text:
eine chemische Bindung, bei der Elektronen auf viele Kerne verteilt sind und eine elektronische Leitung stattfindet


source_id: ili:i97696
language: en
text:
the primary linkage of all protein structures; the chemical bond between the carboxyl groups and amino groups that unites a peptide


source_id: ili:i97701
language: de
text:
Bewegung durch einen Kreislauf; insbesondere die Bewegung von Blut durch das Herz und die Blutgefäße


source_id: ili:i97708
language: en
text:
(physics) a force due to the earth's rotation; acts on a body in motion (airplane or projectile) in a rotating reference frame; in a rotating frame of reference Newton's second law of motion can be made to apply if in addition to the real forces acting on a body a Coriolis force and a centrifugal force are introduced


source_id: ili:i97712
language: en
text:
(cosmology) the cooled remnant of the hot big bang that fills the entire universe and can be observed today with an average temperature of about 2.725 kelvin


source_id: ili:i97712
language: de
text:
(Kosmologie) das abgekühlte Überbleibsel des heißen Urknalls, das das gesamte Universum ausfüllt und heute mit einer durchschnittlichen Temperatur von etwa 2,725 Kelvin beobachtet werden kann


source_id: ili:i97715
language: en
text:
highly penetrating ionizing radiation of extraterrestrial origin; consisting chiefly of protons and alpha particles; collision with atmospheric particles results in rays and particles of many kinds


source_id: ili:i97717
language: en
text:
a large cloud of rubble and dust shaped like a mushroom and rising into the sky after an explosion (especially of a nuclear bomb)


source_id: ili:i97718
language: en
text:
a faint spot of light in the night sky that appears directly opposite the position of the sun; a reflection of sunlight by micrometeoric material in space


source_id: ili:i97722
language: en
text:
a strong hot dry wind that blows in winter from the deserts of southern California toward the Pacific Coast


source_id: ili:i97732
language: en
text:
phenomenon that occurs when a metal is being heated and there is a sudden slowing in the rate of temperature increase; slowing is caused by a change in the internal crystal structure of the metal


source_id: ili:i97734
language: en
text:
(biology) release of material by splitting open of an organ or tissue; the natural bursting open at maturity of a fruit or other reproductive body to release seeds or spores or the bursting open of a surgically closed wound


source_id: ili:i97735
language: en
text:
the normal brainwave in the encephalogram of a person in deep dreamless sleep; occurs with high voltage and low frequency (1 to 4 hertz)


source_id: ili:i97743
language: en
text:
passage of blood cells (especially white blood cells) through intact capillary walls and into the surrounding tissue


source_id: ili:i97744
language: en
text:
pleochroism of a crystal so that it exhibits two different colors when viewed from two different directions


source_id: ili:i97744
language: de
text:
Pleochroismus eines Kristalls, d. h. er zeigt zwei verschiedene Farben, wenn er aus zwei verschiedenen Richtungen betrachtet wird


source_id: ili:i97745
language: en
text:
when light passes sharp edges or goes through narrow slits the rays are deflected and produce fringes of light and dark bands


source_id: ili:i97747
language: en
text:
an electric quantity (voltage or current or field strength) whose modulation represents coded information about the source from which it comes


source_id: ili:i97748
language: en
text:
a signal that temporarily stops the execution of a program so that another procedure can be carried out


source_id: ili:i97749
language: en
text:
a belt of calms and light winds between the northern and southern trade winds of the Atlantic and Pacific


source_id: ili:i97766
language: en
text:
radiation consisting of waves of energy associated with electric and magnetic fields resulting from the acceleration of an electric charge


source_id: ili:i97771
language: en
text:
(physics) a thermodynamic quantity equivalent to the capacity of a physical system to do work; the units of energy are joules or ergs


source_id: ili:i97772
language: en
text:
a definite stable energy that a physical system can have; used especially of the state of electrons in atoms or molecules


source_id: ili:i97774
language: en
text:
the energy equivalent to the mass of a particle at rest in an inertial frame of reference; equal to the rest mass times the square of the speed of light


source_id: ili:i97775
language: en
text:
(physics) a manifestation of energy; the transfer of energy from one physical system to another expressed as the product of a force and the distance through which it moves a body in the direction of that force


source_id: ili:i97777
language: en
text:
a phenomenon located at a single point in space-time; the fundamental observational entity in relativity theory


source_id: ili:i97778
language: en
text:
(neurophysiology) phenomenon that occurs when two or more neural impulses that alone are not enough to trigger a response in a neuron combine to trigger an action potential


source_id: ili:i97779
language: en
text:
am unwanted reflection in an optical system (or the fogging of an image that is caused by such a reflection)


source_id: ili:i97779
language: de
text:
eine unerwünschte Reflexion in einem optischen System (oder das Beschlagen eines Bildes, das durch eine solche Reflexion verursacht wird)


source_id: ili:i97785
language: en
text:
(Biblical) the great deluge that is said in the Book of Genesis to have occurred in the time of Noah; it was brought by God upon the earth because of the wickedness of human beings


source_id: ili:i97788
language: en
text:
(ecology) a hierarchy of food chains with the principal predator at the top; each level preys on the level below


source_id: ili:i97792
language: en
text:
the space around a radiating body within which its electromagnetic oscillations can exert force on another similar body not in contact with it


source_id: ili:i97793
language: en
text:
an imaginary line in a field of force; direction of the line at any point is the direction of the force at that point


source_id: ili:i97797
language: en
text:
the presence of groups of closely spaced spectrum lines observed in the atomic spectrum of certain elements


source_id: ili:i97799
language: en
text:
a storm in which violent winds are drawn into the column of hot air rising over a severely bombed area


source_id: ili:i97801
language: it
text:
sospensione nell'aria di minutissime gocce formatesi per condensazione del vapore acqueo intorno alle particelle di pulviscolo atmosferico


source_id: ili:i97810
language: en
text:
the friction between a body and the surface on which it moves (as between an automobile tire and the road)


source_id: ili:i97810
language: de
text:
die Reibung zwischen einem Körper und der Oberfläche, auf der er sich bewegt (wie zwischen einem Autoreifen und der Straße)


source_id: ili:i97816
language: en
text:
warming that results when solar radiation is trapped by the atmosphere; caused by atmospheric gases that allow sunshine to pass through but absorb heat that is radiated back from the warmed surface of the earth


source_id: ili:i97816
language: de
text:
Erwärmung, die dadurch entsteht, dass die Sonnenstrahlung von der Atmosphäre aufgefangen wird; verursacht durch atmosphärische Gase, die die Sonne durchlassen, aber die Wärme absorbieren, die von der erwärmten Erdoberfläche zurückgestrahlt wird


source_id: ili:i97824
language: en
text:
a violent weather condition with winds 64-72 knots (11 on the Beaufort scale) and precipitation and thunder and lightning


source_id: ili:i97834
language: en
text:
(physics) the force of attraction between all masses in the universe; especially the attraction of the earth's mass for bodies near its surface


source_id: ili:i97850
language: en
text:
a severe tropical cyclone usually with heavy rains and winds moving a 73-136 knots (12 on the Beaufort scale)


source_id: ili:i97852
language: en
text:
the lagging of an effect behind its cause; especially the phenomenon in which the magnetic induction of a ferromagnetic material lags behind the changing magnetic field


source_id: ili:i97852
language: de
text:
das Zurückbleiben einer Wirkung hinter ihrer Ursache; insbesondere das Phänomen, dass die magnetische Induktion eines ferromagnetischen Materials hinter dem sich ändernden Magnetfeld zurückbleibt


source_id: ili:i97857
language: en
text:
an electrical phenomenon whereby an electromotive force (EMF) is generated in a closed circuit by a change in the flow of current


source_id: ili:i97857
language: de
text:
ein elektrisches Phänomen, bei dem eine elektromotorische Kraft (EMK) in einem geschlossenen Stromkreis durch eine Änderung des Stromflusses erzeugt wird


source_id: ili:i97859
language: en
text:
generation of an electromotive force (EMF) in a circuit by changing the current in that circuit; usually measured in henries


source_id: ili:i97860
language: en
text:
(physics) the tendency of a body to maintain its state of rest or uniform motion unless acted upon by an external force


source_id: ili:i97863
language: en
text:
(physics) the rate of change of the angular position of a rotating body; usually expressed in radians per second or radians per minute


source_id: ili:i97863
language: de
text:
(Physik) die Änderungsrate der Winkelposition eines rotierenden Körpers; normalerweise ausgedrückt in Radiant pro Sekunde oder Radiant pro Minute


source_id: ili:i97864
language: de
text:
elektromagnetische Strahlung mit Wellenlängen, die länger als sichtbares Licht, aber kürzer als Radiowellen sind


source_id: ili:i97868
language: en
text:
a high-speed high-altitude airstream blowing from west to east near the top of the troposphere; has important effects of the formation of weather fronts


source_id: ili:i97872
language: en
text:
the heat evolved or absorbed during the formation of one mole of a substance from its component elements


source_id: ili:i97873
language: en
text:
the heat evolved or absorbed when one mole of a substance is dissolved in a large volume of a solvent


source_id: ili:i97876
language: en
text:
heat absorbed by a unit mass of a solid at its melting point in order to convert the solid into a liquid at the same temperature


source_id: ili:i97876
language: de
text:
Wärme, die eine Masseneinheit eines Feststoffs bei seinem Schmelzpunkt aufnimmt, um den Feststoff bei derselben Temperatur in eine Flüssigkeit umzuwandeln


source_id: ili:i97879
language: en
text:
heat absorbed by a unit mass of a material at its boiling point in order to convert the material into a gas at the same temperature


source_id: ili:i97880
language: de
text:
die Wärme, die erforderlich ist, um die Temperatur von einem Gramm eines Stoffes um ein Grad Celsius zu erhöhen


source_id: ili:i97894
language: en
text:
an acronym for emissions of light and very low frequency perturbations due to electromagnetic pulse sources; extremely bright extremely short (less than a msec) electrical flashes forming a huge ring (up to 400 km diameter) in the ionosphere


source_id: ili:i97895
language: en
text:
atmospheric discharges (lasting 10 msec) bursting from the tops of giant storm clouds in blue cones that widen as they flash upward


source_id: ili:i97896
language: en
text:
abrupt electric discharge from cloud to cloud or from cloud to earth accompanied by the emission of light


source_id: ili:i97897
language: en
text:
a spectrum in which energy is concentrated at particular wavelengths; produced by excited atoms and ions as they fall back to a lower energy level


source_id: ili:i97898
language: en
text:
the force experienced by a point charge moving along a wire that is in a magnetic field; the force is at right angles to both the current and the magnetic field


source_id: ili:i97899
language: en
text:
atmospheric electricity (lasting 10 msec) appearing as globular flashes of red (pink to blood-red) light rising to heights of 60 miles (sometimes seen together with elves)


source_id: ili:i97905
language: en
text:
the magnetic field of a planet; the volume around the planet in which charged particles are subject more to the planet's magnetic field than to the solar magnetic field


source_id: ili:i97909
language: en
text:
a single pulsation of an oscillation produced by adding two waves of different frequencies; has a frequency equal to the difference between the two oscillations


source_id: ili:i97910
language: en
text:
a vibration of large amplitude produced by a relatively small vibration near the same frequency of vibration as the natural frequency of the resonating system


source_id: ili:i97912
language: en
text:
an excited state of a stable particle causing a sharp maximum in the probability of absorption of electromagnetic radiation


source_id: ili:i97913
language: en
text:
the resonance absorption of a gamma ray by a nucleus identical to the nucleus that emitted the gamma ray


source_id: ili:i97914
language: en
text:
resonance of electrons or atoms or molecules or nuclei to radiation frequencies as a result of space quantization in a magnetic field


source_id: ili:i97916
language: en
text:
attraction for iron; associated with electric currents as well as magnets; characterized by fields of force


source_id: ili:i97919
language: en
text:
phenomenon exhibited by materials like copper or bismuth that become magnetized in a magnetic field with a polarity opposite to the magnetic force; unlike iron they are slightly repelled by a magnet


source_id: ili:i97920
language: en
text:
a phenomenon in ferrites where there can be incomplete cancellation of antiferromagnetic arranged spins giving a net magnetic moment


source_id: ili:i97921
language: en
text:
phenomenon exhibited by materials like iron (nickel or cobalt) that become magnetized in a magnetic field and retain their magnetism when the field is removed


source_id: ili:i97922
language: en
text:
materials like aluminum or platinum become magnetized in a magnetic field but it disappears when the field is removed


source_id: ili:i97928
language: en
text:
(spaceflight) a trajectory that passes close to a planetary body in order to gain energy from its gravitational field


source_id: ili:i97929
language: en
text:
the amount by which the mass of an atomic nucleus is less than the sum of the masses of its constituent particles


source_id: ili:i97932
language: en
text:
a short electromagnetic wave (longer than infrared but shorter than radio waves); used for radar and microwave ovens and for transmitting telephone, facsimile, video and data


source_id: ili:i97940
language: de
text:
(Physik) eine Stromschleife erzeugt ein Magnetfeld, das für einen magnetischen Dipol charakteristisch ist


source_id: ili:i97942
language: en
text:
a streak of light in the sky at night that results when a meteoroid hits the earth's atmosphere and air friction causes the meteoroid to melt or vaporize or explode


source_id: ili:i97942
language: de
text:
ein Lichtstreifen am nächtlichen Himmel, der entsteht, wenn ein Meteoroid auf die Erdatmosphäre trifft und durch Luftreibung schmilzt, verdampft oder explodiert


source_id: ili:i97944
language: en
text:
an optical illusion in which atmospheric refraction by a layer of hot air distorts or inverts reflections of distant objects


source_id: ili:i97945
language: en
text:
a seasonal wind in southern Asia; blows from the southwest (bringing rain) in summer and from the northeast in winter


source_id: ili:i97958
language: en
text:
a type of cell death in which the cell uses specialized cellular machinery to kill itself; a cell suicide mechanism that enables metazoans to control cell number and eliminate cells that threaten the animal's survival


source_id: ili:i97959
language: de
text:
das örtlich begrenzte Absterben lebender Zellen (z. B. durch eine Infektion oder die Unterbrechung der Blutversorgung)


source_id: ili:i97961
language: en
text:
death when respiration and other reflexes are absent; consciousness is gone; organs can be removed for transplantation before the heartbeat stops


source_id: ili:i97964
language: en
text:
a luminous halo parallel to the horizon at the altitude of the sun; caused by ice crystals in the atmosphere


source_id: ili:i97967
language: en
text:
the use of a nuclear reactor either to produce electricity to power an engine (as in a nuclear submarine) or to directly heat a propellant (as in nuclear rockets)


source_id: ili:i97969
language: en
text:
(oceanography) a warm ocean current that flows along the equator from the date line and south off the coast of Ecuador at Christmas time


source_id: ili:i97970
language: en
text:
a more intense El Nino that occurs every few years when the welling up of cold nutrient-rich water does not occur; kills plankton and fish and affects weather patterns


source_id: ili:i97975
language: en
text:
a warm ocean current that flows northeastwardly off the coast of Japan into the northern Pacific ocean


source_id: ili:i97985
language: en
text:
electricity produced by mechanical pressure on certain crystals (notably quartz or Rochelle salt); alternatively, electrostatic stress produces a change in the linear dimensions of the crystal


source_id: ili:i97985
language: de
text:
Elektrizität, die durch mechanischen Druck auf bestimmte Kristalle (insbesondere Quarz oder Rochelle-Salz) erzeugt wird; alternativ dazu bewirkt eine elektrostatische Spannung eine Veränderung der linearen Abmessungen des Kristalls


source_id: ili:i97986
language: en
text:
the phenomenon of different colors appearing when certain crystals are viewed from different directions


source_id: ili:i97987
language: en
text:
(biology) the appearance of two or more distinctly different forms in the life cycle of some organisms


source_id: ili:i97988
language: de
text:
das Phänomen, bei dem die Wellen des Lichts oder anderer Strahlung in ihrer Schwingungsrichtung eingeschränkt sind


source_id: ili:i97990
language: en
text:
(biology) the existence of two or more forms of individuals within the same animal species (independent of sex differences)


source_id: ili:i97991
language: en
text:
(biology) the existence of two forms of individual within the same animal species (independent of sex differences)


source_id: ili:i97993
language: en
text:
(chemistry) the property of certain substances that enables them to exist in two distinct crystalline forms


source_id: ili:i97994
language: de
text:
(Genetik) die genetische Variation innerhalb einer Population, auf die die natürliche Selektion einwirken kann


source_id: ili:i97995
language: en
text:
(genetics) genetic variation in a DNA sequence that occurs when a single nucleotide in a genome is altered; SNPs are usually considered to be point mutations that have been evolutionarily successful enough to recur in a significant proportion of the population of a species


source_id: ili:i97996
language: de
text:
die Differenz der elektrischen Ladung zwischen zwei Punkten in einem Stromkreis, ausgedrückt in Volt


source_id: ili:i97998
language: en
text:
the potential difference between the two sides of the membrane of a nerve cell when the cell is not conducting an impulse


source_id: ili:i97998
language: de
text:
der Potentialunterschied zwischen den beiden Seiten der Membran einer Nervenzelle, wenn die Zelle keinen Impuls leitet


source_id: ili:i98002
language: de
text:
die auf eine Flächeneinheit wirkende Kraft; gemessen in Pascal (SI-Einheit) oder in Dyn (cgs-Einheit)


source_id: ili:i98008
language: en
text:
the pressure at a given point in a liquid measured in terms of the vertical height of a column of the liquid needed to produce the same pressure


source_id: ili:i98009
language: en
text:
pressure exerted by the fluids inside the eyeball; regulated by resistance to the outward flow of aqueous humor


source_id: ili:i98011
language: en
text:
(physical chemistry) the pressure exerted by a solution necessary to prevent osmosis into that solution when it is separated from the pure solvent by a semipermeable membrane


source_id: ili:i98013
language: en
text:
the difference between the instantaneous pressure at a point in a sound field and the average pressure at that point


source_id: ili:i98020
language: en
text:
reaction propulsion using stored oxygen for combustion; used where there is insufficient atmospheric oxygen


source_id: ili:i98021
language: en
text:
propulsion that results from the ejection at high velocity of a mass of gas to which the vehicle reacts with an equal and opposite momentum


source_id: ili:i98022
language: en
text:
energy that is transmitted in the form of (electromagnetic) radiation; energy that exists in the absence of matter


source_id: ili:i98024
language: en
text:
a stream of atomic or subatomic particles that may be charged positively (e.g. alpha particles) or negatively (e.g. beta particles) or not at all (e.g. neutrons)


source_id: ili:i98024
language: de
text:
ein Strom atomarer oder subatomarer Teilchen, die positiv (z. B. Alphateilchen) oder negativ (z. B. Betateilchen) oder gar nicht (z. B. Neutronen) geladen sein können


source_id: ili:i98026
language: en
text:
a radio wave that is reflected back to earth by the ionosphere or a communications satellite; permits transmission around the curve of the earth's surface


source_id: ili:i98032
language: en
text:
the entire spectrum of electromagnetic frequencies used for communications; includes frequencies used for radio and radar and television


source_id: ili:i98044
language: en
text:
the change in direction of a propagating wave (light or sound) when passing from one medium to another


source_id: ili:i98044
language: de
text:
die Änderung der Richtung einer sich ausbreitenden Welle (Licht oder Schall) beim Übergang von einem Medium in ein anderes


source_id: ili:i98047
language: de
text:
die Fähigkeit eines Materials, Elektrizität zu leiten; gemessen als Kehrwert des elektrischen Widerstands


source_id: ili:i98050
language: en
text:
opposition to the flow of electric current resulting from inductance and capacitance (rather than resistance)


source_id: ili:i98050
language: de
text:
Widerstand gegen den Stromfluss, der sich aus Induktivität und Kapazität (und nicht aus Widerstand) ergibt


source_id: ili:i98051
language: en
text:
opposition to the flow of sound through a surface; acoustic resistance is the real component of acoustic impedance and acoustic reactance is the imaginary component


source_id: ili:i98051
language: de
text:
Widerstand gegen den Durchgang von Schall durch eine Oberfläche; der akustische Widerstand ist die reale Komponente der akustischen Impedanz, die akustische Reaktanz ist die imaginäre Komponente


source_id: ili:i98056
language: en
text:
(medicine) an immunological response that refuses to accept substances or organisms that are recognized as foreign


source_id: ili:i98058
language: en
text:
the ability of a microscope or telescope to measure the angular separation of images that are close together


source_id: ili:i98059
language: en
text:
(computer science) the number of pixels per square inch on a computer-generated display; the greater the resolution, the better the picture


source_id: ili:i98061
language: en
text:
(physics) a flash of light that is produced in a phosphor when it absorbs a photon or ionizing particle


source_id: ili:i98062
language: en
text:
an association between genes in sex chromosomes that makes some characteristics appear more frequently in one sex than in the other


source_id: ili:i98063
language: en
text:
(physics) a deformation of an object in which parallel planes remain parallel but are shifted in a direction parallel to themselves


source_id: ili:i98063
language: de
text:
(Physik) eine Verformung eines Objekts, bei der parallele Ebenen parallel bleiben, aber in eine Richtung parallel zu sich selbst verschoben werden


source_id: ili:i98066
language: en
text:
a radio wave with a wavelength between 100 and 1000 meters (a frequency between 300 kilohertz and 3000 kilohertz)


source_id: ili:i98067
language: de
text:
eine Funkwelle mit einer Wellenlänge von mehr als einem Kilometer (eine Frequenz unter 300 Kilohertz)


source_id: ili:i9807
language: en
text:
having a grey or brown streak or a pattern or a patchy coloring; used especially of the patterned fur of cats


source_id: ili:i98075
language: en
text:
an arctic atmospheric condition with clouds over snow produce a uniform whiteness and objects are difficult to see; occurs when the light reflected off the snow equals the light coming through the clouds


source_id: ili:i98077
language: en
text:
light wispy precipitation that evaporates before it reaches the ground (especially when the lower air is low in humidity)


source_id: ili:i98077
language: it
text:
stria di pioggia che non raggiunge il suolo, poiché le goccioline evaporano prima di toccare la superficie


source_id: ili:i98083
language: en
text:
a sudden eruption of intense high-energy radiation from the sun's surface; associated with sunspots and radio interference


source_id: ili:i98088
language: en
text:
a cooler darker spot appearing periodically on the sun's photosphere; associated with a strong magnetic field


source_id: ili:i98093
language: en
text:
a change (usually undesired) in the waveform of an acoustic or analog electrical signal; the difference between two measurements of a signal (as between the input and output signal)


source_id: ili:i98093
language: de
text:
eine (in der Regel unerwünschte) Veränderung der Wellenform eines akustischen oder analogen elektrischen Signals; die Differenz zwischen zwei Messungen eines Signals (z. B. zwischen Eingangs- und Ausgangssignal)


source_id: ili:i98099
language: en
text:
change in the apparent frequency of a wave as observer and source move toward or away from each other


source_id: ili:i98100
language: en
text:
(astronomy) a shift in the spectra of very distant galaxies toward longer wavelengths (toward the red end of the spectrum); generally interpreted as evidence that the universe is expanding


source_id: ili:i98106
language: en
text:
electrical signals produced by unwanted sources (atmospherics or receiver noise or unwanted transmitters)


source_id: ili:i98117
language: en
text:
the diffused light from the sky when the sun is below the horizon but its rays are refracted by the atmosphere of the earth


source_id: ili:i98118
language: en
text:
(physics) the transfer of energy between elementary particles or between an elementary particle and a field or between fields; mediated by gauge bosons


source_id: ili:i98118
language: de
text:
(Physik) die Übertragung von Energie zwischen Elementarteilchen oder zwischen einem Elementarteilchen und einem Feld oder zwischen Feldern; vermittelt durch Eichbosonen


source_id: ili:i98119
language: en
text:
an interaction between charged elementary particles that is intermediate in strength between the strong and weak interactions; mediated by photons


source_id: ili:i98121
language: en
text:
(physics) the interaction that binds protons and neutrons together in the nuclei of atoms; mediated by gluons


source_id: ili:i98121
language: de
text:
(Physik) die Wechselwirkung, die Protonen und Neutronen in den Atomkernen aneinander bindet; wird durch Gluonen vermittelt


source_id: ili:i98123
language: en
text:
(physics) an interaction between elementary particles involving neutrinos or antineutrinos that is responsible for certain kinds of radioactive decay; mediated by intermediate vector bosons


source_id: ili:i98123
language: de
text:
(Physik) eine Wechselwirkung zwischen Elementarteilchen, an der Neutrinos oder Antineutrinos beteiligt sind und die für bestimmte Arten des radioaktiven Zerfalls verantwortlich ist; vermittelt durch intermediäre Vektorbosonen


source_id: ili:i98130
language: en
text:
the straight line configuration of 3 celestial bodies (as the sun and earth and moon) in a gravitational system


source_id: ili:i98133
language: en
text:
an electric current produced between two electrodes as a result of electrons emitted by thermionic emission


source_id: ili:i98134
language: en
text:
the normal brainwave in the encephalogram of a person who is awake but relaxed and drowsy; occurs with low frequency and low amplitude


source_id: ili:i98136
language: en
text:
a storm resulting from strong rising air currents; heavy rain or hail along with thunder and lightning


source_id: ili:i98137
language: en
text:
a localized and violently destructive windstorm occurring over land characterized by a funnel-shaped cloud extending toward the ground


source_id: ili:i98143
language: en
text:
the spreading of the sea over land as evidenced by the deposition of marine strata over terrestrial strata


source_id: ili:i98145
language: en
text:
pleochroism of a crystal so that it exhibits three different colors when viewed from three different directions


source_id: ili:i98153
language: de
text:
Strahlung, die im ultravioletten Bereich liegt; Wellenlängen kürzer als Licht, aber länger als Röntgenstrahlen


source_id: ili:i98159
language: en
text:
relatively weak attraction between neutral atoms and molecules arising from polarization induced in each particle by the presence of other particles


source_id: ili:i98160
language: en
text:
the pressure exerted by a vapor; often understood to mean saturated vapor pressure (the vapor pressure of a vapor in contact with its liquid form)


source_id: ili:i98163
language: en
text:
the rate at which energy is drawn from a source that produces a flow of electricity in a circuit; expressed in volts


source_id: ili:i98163
language: de
text:
die Geschwindigkeit, mit der Energie aus einer Quelle entnommen wird, die einen Stromfluss in einem Stromkreis erzeugt; ausgedrückt in Volt


source_id: ili:i98165
language: en
text:
(biology) a hypothetical force (not physical or chemical) once thought by Henri Bergson to cause the evolution and development of organisms


source_id: ili:i98165
language: de
text:
(Biologie) eine hypothetische Kraft (nicht physikalisch oder chemisch), von der Henri Bergson einst annahm, dass sie die Evolution und Entwicklung von Organismen verursacht


source_id: ili:i98170
language: en
text:
the atmospheric conditions that comprise the state of the atmosphere in terms of temperature and wind and clouds and precipitation


source_id: ili:i98170
language: de
text:
die atmosphärischen Bedingungen, die den Zustand der Atmosphäre in Bezug auf Temperatur, Wind, Wolken und Niederschlag umfassen


source_id: ili:i98171
language: de
text:
heftiges oder schweres Wetter (das als durch die Wirkung der vier Elemente verursacht angesehen wird)


source_id: ili:i98174
language: en
text:
a more or less vertical column of air whirling around itself as it moves over the surface of the Earth


source_id: ili:i98175
language: en
text:
air moving (sometimes with considerable force) from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure


source_id: ili:i98178
language: en
text:
electromagnetic radiation of short wavelength produced when high-speed electrons strike a solid target


source_id: ili:i98179
language: en
text:
the scattering of X rays by the atoms of a crystal; the diffraction pattern shows structure of the crystal


source_id: ili:i98179
language: de
text:
die Streuung von Röntgenstrahlen an den Atomen eines Kristalls; das Beugungsmuster zeigt die Struktur des Kristalls


source_id: ili:i98180
language: en
text:
a luminous tract in the sky; a reflection of sunlight from cosmic dust in the plane of the ecliptic; visible just before sunrise and just after sunset


source_id: ili:i98183
language: en
text:
the apparent displacement of an object as seen from two different points that are not on a line with the object


source_id: ili:i98184
language: en
text:
the phenomenon in which light is scattered by very small particles in its path; it makes a beam of light visible; the scattered light is mainly blue


source_id: ili:i98185
language: en
text:
the parallax of a celestial body using two points in the earth's orbit around the sun as the baseline


source_id: ili:i98190
language: en
text:
the angle subtended by the mean equatorial radius of the Earth at a distance of one astronomical unit


source_id: ili:i98194
language: en
text:
a rigid layer of polysaccharides enclosing the membrane of plant and prokaryotic cells; maintains the shape of the cell and serves as a protective barrier


source_id: ili:i98202
language: en
text:
used only in former classifications: comprising what is now considered a heterogeneous assemblage of flowerless and seedless organisms: algae; bacteria; fungi; lichens


source_id: ili:i98203
language: en
text:
any of a group of cryptogamic organisms consisting principally of a thallus and thus showing no differentiation into stem and root and leaf


source_id: ili:i98205
language: en
text:
a plant body without true stems or roots or leaves or vascular system; characteristic of the thallophytes


source_id: ili:i98207
language: en
text:
a fruiting structure resembling an umbrella or a cone that forms the top of a stalked fleshy fungus such as a mushroom


source_id: ili:i98211
language: en
text:
small asexual fruiting body resembling a cushion or blister consisting of a mat of hyphae that is produced on a host by some fungi


source_id: ili:i98216
language: en
text:
closed spore-bearing structure of some fungi (especially Aspergillaceae and Erysiphaceae) from which spores are released only by decay or disintegration


source_id: ili:i98217
language: en
text:
a part of a plant (e.g., a leaf) that has been modified to provide protection for insects or mites or fungi


source_id: ili:i98218
language: en
text:
an organ or body resembling a stalk; especially the outgrowth of the thallus of certain lichens on which the ascocarp is borne


source_id: ili:i98220
language: en
text:
in former classifications: comprising plants with a vascular system including ferns and fern allies as well as seed plants


source_id: ili:i98224
language: en
text:
any flowerless plant such as a fern (pteridophyte) or moss (bryophyte) in which growth occurs only at the tip of the main stem


source_id: ili:i98227
language: en
text:
a division of nonflowering plants characterized by rhizoids rather than true roots and having little or no organized vascular tissue and showing alternation of generations between gamete-bearing forms and spore-bearing forms; comprises true mosses (Bryopsida) and liverworts (Hepaticopsida) and hornworts (Anthoceropsida)


source_id: ili:i98233
language: en
text:
hornworts; liverworts having a thalloid gametophyte; in some classification systems included in the class Hepaticopsida


source_id: ili:i98237
language: en
text:
true mosses: bryophytes having leafy rather than thalloid gametophytes: comprises orders Andreaeales; Bryales; Dicranales; Eubryales; Sphagnales


source_id: ili:i98242
language: en
text:
category used in some classification systems for mosses having the spore case separated from the capsule wall by a hollow intercellular space


source_id: ili:i98248
language: en
text:
type genus of the Bryaceae: mosses distinguished by mostly erect and tufted gametophytes and symmetrical short-necked capsules


source_id: ili:i98249
language: en
text:
family of erect mosses with club-shaped paraphyses and the hexagonal cells of the upper leaf surface; sometimes treated as a subfamily of Bryaceae


source_id: ili:i98252
language: en
text:
a large genus constituting the order Sphagnales: atypical mosses of temperate bogs with leaves that can hold much water


source_id: ili:i98255
language: en
text:
any of numerous small green nonvascular plants of the class Hepaticopsida growing in wet places and resembling green seaweeds or leafy mosses


source_id: ili:i98261
language: en
text:
type genus of Marchantiaceae; liverworts that reproduce asexually by gemmae and have stalked antheridiophores


source_id: ili:i98266
language: en
text:
containing all the vascular plants that do not bear seeds: ferns, horsetails, club mosses, and whisk ferns; in some classifications considered a subdivision of Tracheophyta


source_id: ili:i98270
language: en
text:
any of numerous flowerless and seedless vascular plants having true roots from a rhizome and fronds that uncurl upward; reproduce by spores


source_id: ili:i98273
language: en
text:
a small usually single-celled asexual reproductive body produced by many nonflowering plants and fungi and some bacteria and protozoans and that are capable of developing into a new individual without sexual fusion


source_id: ili:i98286
language: en
text:
the asexual spore of ferns that resembles dust; once thought to be seeds and to make the possessor invisible


source_id: ili:i98292
language: en
text:
a small leafy outgrowth at the base of a leaf or its stalk; usually occurring in pairs and soon shed


source_id: ili:i98293
language: en
text:
an undifferentiated part of a perianth that cannot be distinguished as a sepal or a petal (as in lilies and tulips)


source_id: ili:i98294
language: en
text:
seed plants; comprises the Angiospermae (or Magnoliophyta) and Gymnospermae (or Gymnospermophyta); in some classification systems Spermatophyta is coordinate with Pteridophyta (spore producing plants having vascular tissue and roots) and Bryophyta (spore producing plants lacking vascular tissue and roots)


source_id: ili:i98295
language: en
text:
in former classification systems: one of two major plant divisions, including all seed-bearing plants; superseded by the division Spermatophyta


source_id: ili:i98296
language: en
text:
in former classification systems: one of two major plant divisions, including all plants that do not bear seeds: ferns, mosses, algae, fungi


source_id: ili:i98297
language: en
text:
formerly recognized taxonomic group including all flowerless and seedless plants that reproduce by means of spores: ferns, mosses, algae, fungi


source_id: ili:i98302
language: en
text:
(botany) a plant having a life cycle that normally takes two seasons from germination to death to complete; flowering biennials usually bloom and fruit in the second season


source_id: ili:i98310
language: en
text:
family of monocotyledonous plants of the subclass Liliidae; mostly herbs usually with petaloid sepals and petals and compound pistils


source_id: ili:i98312
language: en
text:
genus of monocotyledonous plants comprising mostly herbs having usually petaloid sepals and petals and compound pistils


source_id: ili:i98313
language: en
text:
family of flowering plants having two cotyledons (embryonic leaves) in the seed which usually appear at germination


source_id: ili:i98314
language: en
text:
family of dicotyledonous flowering plants regarded as among the most primitive of extant angiosperms


source_id: ili:i98315
language: en
text:
family of mostly woody dicotyledonous flowering plants with flowers often unisexual and often borne in catkins


source_id: ili:i98320
language: en
text:
genus of flowering plants having two cotyledons (embryonic leaves) in the seed which usually appear at germination


source_id: ili:i98322
language: en
text:
genus of mostly woody relatively primitive dicotyledonous flowering plants with flowers often unisexual and often borne in catkins


source_id: ili:i98330
language: en
text:
plants having naked seeds not enclosed in an ovary; in some systems considered a class (Gymnospermae) and in others a division (Gymnospermophyta); comprises three subdivisions (or classes): Cycadophytina (class Cycadopsida) and Gnetophytina (class Gnetopsida) and Coniferophytina (class Coniferopsida); in some classifications the Coniferophytina are divided into three groups: Pinophytina (class Pinopsida) and Ginkgophytina (class Ginkgopsida) and Taxophytina (class Taxopsida)


source_id: ili:i98333
language: en
text:
gymnospermous flowering plants; supposed link between conifers and angiosperms; in some systems classified as a class (Gnetopsida) and in others as a subdivision (Gnetophytina or Gnetophyta)


source_id: ili:i98334
language: en
text:
chiefly tropical or xerophytic woody plants; practically unknown as fossils but considered close to the ancestral line of angiosperms


source_id: ili:i98335
language: en
text:
plants having small unisexual flowers and fleshy or winged fruit: in some classifications includes the genera Ephedra and Welwitschia as well as genus Gnetum


source_id: ili:i98336
language: en
text:
type genus of the Gnetaceae; small trees or shrubs usually with climbing jointed stems and terminal spikes of flowers with orange-red seeds clustered in rough cones


source_id: ili:i98337
language: en
text:
small tropical tree with tiered branches and divaricate branchlets having broad glossy dark green leaves; exploited for its edible young leaves and seeds that provide a fine flour


source_id: ili:i98341
language: en
text:
type and sole genus of Ephedraceae: tropical and subtropical evergreen shrubby or creeping plants native to dry and inhospitable regions


source_id: ili:i98346
language: en
text:
curious plant of arid regions of southwestern Africa having a yard-high and yard-wide trunk like a turnip with a deep taproot and two large persistent woody straplike leaves growing from the base; living relic of a flora long disappeared; some may be 700-5000 years old


source_id: ili:i98347
language: en
text:
palmlike gymnosperms: includes the surviving order Cycadales and several extinct orders; possibly not a natural group; in some systems considered a class (Cycadopsida) and in others a subdivision (Cycadophytina or Cycadophyta)


source_id: ili:i98348
language: en
text:
primitive tropical gymnosperms abundant in the Mesozoic, now reduced to a few scattered tropical forms


source_id: ili:i98349
language: en
text:
any tropical gymnosperm of the order Cycadales; having unbranched stems with a crown of fernlike leaves


source_id: ili:i98351
language: en
text:
type genus of Cycadaceae: genus of widely distributed Old World evergreen tropical trees having pinnate leaves and columnar stems covered with persistent bases of old leaves


source_id: ili:i98357
language: en
text:
small tough woody zamia of Florida and West Indies and Cuba; roots and half-buried stems yield an arrowroot


source_id: ili:i98359
language: en
text:
a small cycad of the genus Ceratozamia having a short scaly woody trunk and fernlike foliage and woody cones; Mexico


source_id: ili:i98360
language: en
text:
small genus of arborescent cycads of Mexico and Central America; sometimes classified in family Cycadaceae


source_id: ili:i98361
language: en
text:
any cycad of the genus Dioon; handsome palmlike cycads with robust crowns of leaves and rugged trunks


source_id: ili:i98363
language: en
text:
any of numerous cycads of the genus Encephalartos having stout cylindrical trunks and a terminal crown of long often spiny pinnate leaves


source_id: ili:i98366
language: en
text:
any treelike cycad of the genus Macrozamia having erect trunks and pinnate leaves and large cones with sometimes edible nuts; Australia


source_id: ili:i98373
language: en
text:
used in some classification systems: a group of extinct fossil gymnosperms coextensive with the order Cycadofilicales


source_id: ili:i98376
language: en
text:
cone-bearing gymnosperms dating from the Carboniferous period; most are substantial trees; includes the classes Pinopsida (subdivision Pinophytina) and Ginkgopsida (subdivision Ginkgophytina) and Taxopsida (subdivision Taxophytina) which in turn include the surviving orders Coniferales and Taxales (yews) and sometimes Ginkgoales as well as extinct orders such as Cordaitales (of the Carboniferous and Permian)


source_id: ili:i98377
language: en
text:
extinct plants having tall arborescent trunks comparable to or more advanced than cycads; known from the Pennsylvanian period; probably extinct since the Mesozoic era


source_id: ili:i98379
language: en
text:
tall Paleozoic trees superficially resembling modern screw pines; structurally intermediate in some ways between cycads and conifers


source_id: ili:i98380
language: en
text:
most conifers: in some systems classified as a class (Pinopsida) and in others as a subdivision (Pinophytina); used in some classifications for one of five subdivisions of Gymnospermophyta


source_id: ili:i98381
language: de
text:
reichlich verzweigte, meist immergrüne Bäume und einige Sträucher mit schmalen oder nadelartigen Blättern


source_id: ili:i98385
language: en
text:
straight-grained durable and often resinous white to yellowish timber of any of numerous trees of the genus Pinus


source_id: ili:i98393
language: en
text:
pinon of southwestern United States having solitary needles and often many stems; important as a nut pine


source_id: ili:i98395
language: en
text:
very small tree similar to Rocky mountain pinon but having a single needle per fascicle; similar to Parry's pinyon in range


source_id: ili:i98396
language: en
text:
five-needled pinon of southern California and northern Baja California having (sometimes three-needled or four-needled showing hybridization from Pinus californiarum)


source_id: ili:i98399
language: en
text:
large three-needled pine of the eastern United States and southeastern Canada; closely related to the pond pine


source_id: ili:i98400
language: en
text:
large three-needled pine of sandy swamps of southeastern United States; needles longer than those of the northern pitch pine


source_id: ili:i98401
language: en
text:
medium-sized two-needled pine of southern Europe having a spreading crown; widely cultivated for its sweet seeds that resemble almonds


source_id: ili:i98401
language: de
text:
mittelgroße, zweinadelige Kiefer Südeuropas mit ausladender Krone; wegen ihrer süßen, mandelähnlichen Samen wird sie häufig angebaut


source_id: ili:i98405
language: en
text:
small slow-growing pine of western United States similar to the bristlecone pine; chocolate brown bark in plates and short needles in bunches of 5; crown conic but becoming rough and twisted; oldest plant in the world growing to 5000 years in cold semidesert mountain tops


source_id: ili:i98405
language: de
text:
kleine, langsam wachsende Kiefer im Westen der Vereinigten Staaten, ähnlich der Borstenkiefer; schokoladenbraune Rinde in Platten und kurze Nadeln in 5er-Bündeln; Krone kegelförmig, aber rau und verdreht; älteste Pflanze der Welt, die bis zu 5000 Jahre alt werden kann, in kalten Halbwüstengebieten der Berge


source_id: ili:i98406
language: en
text:
any of several five-needled pines with white wood and smooth usually light grey bark when young; especially the eastern white pine


source_id: ili:i98407
language: en
text:
tall-growing pine of eastern North America; bark is brown with longitudinal fissures when mature; valued as a timber tree


source_id: ili:i98407
language: de
text:
hochwüchsige Kiefer des östlichen Nordamerikas; die Rinde ist im reifen Zustand braun mit Längsrissen; wird als Nutzbaum geschätzt


source_id: ili:i98408
language: en
text:
tall pine of western North America with stout blue-green needles; bark is grey-brown with rectangular plates when mature


source_id: ili:i98411
language: en
text:
small pine of western North America; having smooth grey-white bark and soft brittle wood; similar to limber pine


source_id: ili:i98413
language: en
text:
common and widely distributed tall timber pine of western North America having dark green needles in bunches of 2 to 5 and thick bark with dark brown plates when mature


source_id: ili:i98414
language: en
text:
tall symmetrical pine of western North America having long blue-green needles in bunches of 3 and elongated cones on spreading somewhat pendulous branches; sometimes classified as a variety of ponderosa pine


source_id: ili:i98415
language: en
text:
shrubby two-needled pine of coastal northwestern United States; red to yellow-brown bark fissured into small squares


source_id: ili:i98417
language: en
text:
tall spreading three-needled pine of southeastern United States having reddish-brown fissured bark and a full bushy upper head


source_id: ili:i98417
language: de
text:
hohe, sich ausbreitende, dreinadelige Kiefer aus dem Südosten der Vereinigten Staaten mit rötlich-brauner, zerklüfteter Rinde und einem vollen, buschigen Oberkopf


source_id: ili:i98418
language: en
text:
slender medium-sized two-needled pine of eastern North America; with yellow-green needles and scaly grey to red-brown fissured bark


source_id: ili:i98420
language: en
text:
large three-needled pine of southeastern United States having very long needles and gnarled twisted limbs; bark is red-brown deeply ridged; an important timber tree


source_id: ili:i98421
language: en
text:
large pine of southern United States having short needles in bunches of 2-3 and red-brown bark when mature


source_id: ili:i98424
language: en
text:
common small shrubby pine of the eastern United States having straggling often twisted or branches and short needles in bunches of 2


source_id: ili:i98425
language: en
text:
tall California pine with long needles in bunches of 3, a dense crown, and dark brown deeply fissured bark


source_id: ili:i98426
language: en
text:
small slow-growing upland pine of western United States (Rocky Mountains) having dense branches with fissured rust-brown bark and short needles in bunches of 5 and thorn-tipped cone scales; among the oldest living things some over 4500 years old


source_id: ili:i98427
language: en
text:
a small two-needled upland pine of the eastern United States (Appalachians) having dark brown flaking bark and thorn-tipped cone scales


source_id: ili:i98428
language: en
text:
medium-sized three-needled pine of the Pacific coast of the United States having a prominent knob on each scale of the cone


source_id: ili:i98429
language: en
text:
pine native to Japan and Korea having a wide-spreading irregular crown when mature; grown as an ornamental


source_id: ili:i98430
language: en
text:
large Japanese ornamental having long needles in bunches of 2; widely planted in United States because of its resistance to salt and smog


source_id: ili:i98435
language: en
text:
medium-sized larch of Canada and northern United States including Alaska having a broad conic crown and rust-brown scaly bark


source_id: ili:i98436
language: en
text:
tall larch of western North America have pale green sharply pointed leaves and oblong cones; an important timber tree


source_id: ili:i98439
language: en
text:
medium-sized larch of northeastern Russia and Siberia having narrowly conic crown and soft narrow bright-green leaves; used in cultivation


source_id: ili:i98446
language: en
text:
medium to tall fir of western North America having a conic crown and branches in tiers; leaves smell of orange when crushed


source_id: ili:i98449
language: en
text:
medium-sized fir of northeastern North America; leaves smell of balsam when crushed; much used for pulpwood and Christmas trees


source_id: ili:i98450
language: en
text:
small fast-growing but short-lived fir of southern Alleghenies similar to balsam fir but with very short leaves


source_id: ili:i98451
language: en
text:
lofty fir of the Pacific coast of northwestern America having long curving branches and deep green leaves


source_id: ili:i98453
language: en
text:
a pyramidal fir of southwestern California having spiny pointed leaves and cone scales with long spines


source_id: ili:i98456
language: en
text:
durable aromatic wood of any of numerous cedar trees; especially wood of the red cedar often used for cedar chests


source_id: ili:i98460
language: en
text:
tall East Indian cedar having spreading branches with nodding tips; highly valued for its appearance as well as its timber


source_id: ili:i98465
language: en
text:
tall pyramidal spruce native to northern Europe having dark green foliage on spreading branches with pendulous branchlets and long pendulous cones


source_id: ili:i98467
language: en
text:
tall spruce of Rocky Mountains and British Columbia with blue-green needles and acutely conic crown; wood used for rough lumber and boxes


source_id: ili:i98469
language: en
text:
small spruce of boggy areas of northeastern North America having spreading branches with dense foliage; inferior wood


source_id: ili:i98471
language: en
text:
a large spruce that grows only along the northwestern coast of the United States and Canada; has sharp stiff needles and thin bark; the wood has a high ratio of strength to weight


source_id: ili:i98473
language: en
text:
tall spruce with blue-green needles and dense conic crown; older trees become columnar with lower branches sweeping downward


source_id: ili:i98478
language: de
text:
weit verbreiteter Waldbaum im Osten der Vereinigten Staaten und in Kanada; wird vor allem zur Herstellung von Faserholz verwendet


source_id: ili:i98479
language: en
text:
medium-sized evergreen of southeastern United States having spreading branches and widely diverging cone scales


source_id: ili:i98492
language: en
text:
any of numerous evergreen conifers of the genus Cupressus of north temperate regions having dark scalelike leaves and rounded cones


source_id: ili:i98494
language: en
text:
small sometimes shrubby tree native to California; often used as an ornamental; in some classification systems includes the pygmy cypress and the Santa Cruz cypress


source_id: ili:i98495
language: en
text:
rare small cypress native to northern California; sometimes considered the same species as gowen cypress


source_id: ili:i98496
language: en
text:
rare California cypress taller than but closely related to gowen cypress and sometimes considered the same species


source_id: ili:i98499
language: en
text:
tall California cypress endemic on Monterey Bay; widely used for ornament as well as reforestation and shelterbelt planting


source_id: ili:i98500
language: en
text:
tall spreading evergreen found in Mexico having drooping branches; believed to have been introduced into Portugal from Goa


source_id: ili:i98509
language: en
text:
Australian tree with small flattened scales as leaves and numerous dark brown seed; valued for its timber and resin


source_id: ili:i98523
language: en
text:
berrylike fruit of a plant of the genus Juniperus especially the berrylike cone of the common juniper


source_id: ili:i98525
language: en
text:
small juniper found east of Rocky Mountains having a conic crown, brown bark that peels in shreds, and small sharp needles


source_id: ili:i98530
language: en
text:
densely branching shrub or small tree having pungent blue berries used to flavor gin; widespread in northern hemisphere; only conifer on coasts of Iceland and Greenland


source_id: ili:i98533
language: en
text:
small tree of western Texas and mountains of Mexico having spreading branches with drooping branchlets


source_id: ili:i98535
language: en
text:
any of several attractive trees of southwestern South America and New Zealand and New Caledonia having glossy evergreen leaves and scented wood


source_id: ili:i98538
language: en
text:
coniferous trees; traditionally considered an independent family though recently included in Cupressaceae in some classification systems


source_id: ili:i98539
language: en
text:
genus of deciduous conifers comprising both living and fossil forms; 1 extant species: dawn redwood of China; variously classified as member of Pinaceae or Taxodiaceae


source_id: ili:i98540
language: en
text:
large fast-growing Chinese monoecious tree having flat bright-green deciduous leaves and small globular cones; commonly cultivated in United States as an ornamental; known as a fossil before being discovered in China


source_id: ili:i98542
language: en
text:
either of two huge coniferous California trees that reach a height of 300 feet; sometimes placed in the Taxodiaceae


source_id: ili:i98544
language: en
text:
lofty evergreen of United States coastal foothills from Oregon to Big Sur; it flourishes in wet, rainy, foggy habitats


source_id: ili:i98544
language: de
text:
hoher, immergrüner Baum der Küstenausläufer der Vereinigten Staaten von Oregon bis Big Sur; er gedeiht an feuchten, regnerischen, nebligen Standorten


source_id: ili:i98546
language: en
text:
extremely lofty evergreen of southern end of western foothills of Sierra Nevada in California; largest living organism


source_id: ili:i98546
language: de
text:
extrem hoher immergrüner Baum am südlichen Ende der westlichen Ausläufer der Sierra Nevada in Kalifornien; größter lebender Organismus


source_id: ili:i98548
language: en
text:
common cypress of southeastern United States having trunk expanded at base; found in coastal swamps and flooding river bottoms


source_id: ili:i98551
language: en
text:
Mexico's most famous tree; a giant specimen of Montezuma cypress more than 2,000 years old with a girth of 165 feet at Santa Maria del Tule


source_id: ili:i98553
language: en
text:
large coniferous evergreen tree of North Africa and Spain having flattened branches and scalelike leaves yielding a hard fragrant wood; bark yields a resin used in varnishes


source_id: ili:i98560
language: en
text:
Asiatic shrub or small tree widely planted in United States and Europe; in some classifications assigned to its own genus


source_id: ili:i98565
language: en
text:
tall evergreen cone-bearing trees of South America and Australia with broad leathery leaves; in some classifications included in the Pinaceae


source_id: ili:i98566
language: en
text:
newly discovered (1994) pine thought to have been long extinct; Australia; genus and species names not yet assigned


source_id: ili:i98572
language: en
text:
Australian conifer bearing two-inch seeds tasting like roasted chestnuts; among the aborigines the tree is hereditary property protected by law


source_id: ili:i98583
language: en
text:
any of several evergreen trees and shrubs of eastern Asia resembling yew and having large seeds enclosed in a fleshy envelope; sometimes cultivated as ornamentals


source_id: ili:i98586
language: en
text:
rare small evergreen of northern Florida; its glossy green leaves have an unpleasant fetid smell when crushed


source_id: ili:i98589
language: en
text:
Australasian evergreen conifer having a graceful head of foliage resembling celery that is composed of phyllodes borne in the axils of scalelike leaves


source_id: ili:i98599
language: en
text:
any evergreen in the southern hemisphere of the genus Podocarpus having a pulpy fruit with one hard seed


source_id: ili:i98605
language: en
text:
valuable timber tree of New Zealand yielding hard reddish wood used for furniture and bridges and wharves


source_id: ili:i98606
language: en
text:
dioecious evergreen trees or shrubs; equatorial to southern and southeastern Africa: yellowwood; similar to trees or genus Podocarpus


source_id: ili:i98612
language: en
text:
New Zealand silver pine of conical habit with long slender flexuous branches; adapted to cold wet summers and high altitudes


source_id: ili:i98613
language: en
text:
sickle pines: dioecious evergreen tropical trees and shrubs having sickle-shaped leaves; similar to Dacrycarpus in habit; Malaysia and Philippines to New Guinea and New Caledonia


source_id: ili:i98615
language: en
text:
a rain forest tree or shrub of New Caledonia having a conic crown and pale green sickle-shaped leaves; host species for the rare parasite yew


source_id: ili:i98620
language: en
text:
Tasmanian timber tree with yellow aromatic wavy-grained wood used for carving and ship building; sometimes placed in genus Dacrydium


source_id: ili:i98622
language: en
text:
about the hardiest Podocarpaceae species; prostrate spreading shrub similar to mountain rimu; mountains of southern Chile


source_id: ili:i98626
language: en
text:
small genus of Asian evergreen trees having columnar crowns and distinguished by leaves lacking a midrib; eastern Asia including India and Philippines and New Guinea


source_id: ili:i98629
language: en
text:
rare and endangered monoecious parasitic conifer of New Caledonia; parasitic on Falcatifolium taxoides


source_id: ili:i98636
language: en
text:
small yew having attractive foliage and partially weeping branches cultivated as an ornamental; mountains of southern Chile


source_id: ili:i98638
language: en
text:
a large fast-growing monoecious tropical evergreen tree having large glossy lanceolate leaves; of rain forests of Sumatra and Philippines to northern Queensland


source_id: ili:i98641
language: en
text:
tall evergreen having a symmetrical spreading crown and needles growing in whorls that resemble umbrellas at ends of twigs


source_id: ili:i98642
language: en
text:
yews: in some systems classified as a class (Taxopsida) and in others as a subdivision (Taxophytina) used in some classifications for one of five subdivisions of Gymnospermophyta


source_id: ili:i98646
language: en
text:
any of numerous evergreen trees or shrubs having red cup-shaped berries and flattened needlelike leaves


source_id: ili:i98647
language: en
text:
wood of a yew; especially the durable fine-grained light brown or red wood of the English yew valued for cabinetwork and archery bows


source_id: ili:i98647
language: de
text:
Eibenholz; insbesondere das dauerhafte, feinkörnige, hellbraune oder rote Holz der englischen Eibe, das für Tischlerarbeiten und Bogenschießen geschätzt wird


source_id: ili:i98648
language: en
text:
predominant yew in Europe; extraordinarily long-lived and slow growing; one of the oldest species in the world


source_id: ili:i98649
language: en
text:
small or medium irregularly branched tree of the Pacific coast of North America; yields fine hard close-grained wood


source_id: ili:i98650
language: en
text:
shrubby hardy evergreen of China and Japan having lustrous dark green foliage; cultivated in the eastern United States


source_id: ili:i98650
language: de
text:
strauchartiger, winterharter, immergrüner Strauch aus China und Japan mit glänzendem, dunkelgrünem Laub; wird im Osten der Vereinigten Staaten angebaut


source_id: ili:i98656
language: en
text:
ginkgos: in some systems classified as a class and in others as a subdivision; used in some classifications for one of five subdivisions of Gymnospermophyta


source_id: ili:i98657
language: en
text:
coextensive with the family Ginkgoaceae: plants that first appeared in the Permian and now represented by a single surviving species; often included in Coniferales


source_id: ili:i98660
language: en
text:
deciduous dioecious Chinese tree having fan-shaped leaves and fleshy yellow seeds; exists almost exclusively in cultivation especially as an ornamental street tree


source_id: ili:i98660
language: de
text:
sommergrüner zweihäusiger chinesischer Baum mit fächerförmigen Blättern und fleischigen gelben Samen; existiert fast ausschließlich in Kultur, vor allem als Zierbaum für Straßen


source_id: ili:i98661
language: en
text:
used in former classifications to include all ferns and flowering plants and divided into the three classes Filicinae and Gymnospermae and Angiospermae


source_id: ili:i98662
language: en
text:
comprising flowering plants that produce seeds enclosed in an ovary; in some systems considered a class (Angiospermae) and in others a division (Magnoliophyta or Anthophyta)


source_id: ili:i98665
language: en
text:
comprising seed plants that produce an embryo with paired cotyledons and net-veined leaves; divided into six (not always well distinguished) subclasses (or superorders): Magnoliidae and Hamamelidae (considered primitive); Caryophyllidae (an early and distinctive offshoot); and three more or less advanced groups: Dilleniidae; Rosidae; Asteridae


source_id: ili:i98667
language: en
text:
a group of families of trees and shrubs and herbs having well-developed perianths and apocarpous ovaries and generally regarded as the most primitive extant flowering plants; contains 36 families including Magnoliaceae and Ranunculaceae; sometimes classified as a superorder


source_id: ili:i98668
language: en
text:
comprising seed plants that produce an embryo with a single cotyledon and parallel-veined leaves: includes grasses and lilies and palms and orchids; divided into four subclasses or superorders: Alismatidae; Arecidae; Commelinidae; and Liliidae


source_id: ili:i98670
language: en
text:
one of four subclasses or superorders of Monocotyledones; comprises about 500 species in 14 families of aquatic and semiaquatic herbs


source_id: ili:i98671
language: en
text:
one of four subclasses or superorder of Monocotyledones; comprises about 6400 species in 5 families of trees and shrubs and terrestrial herbs and a few free-floating aquatics including: Palmae; Araceae; Pandanaceae and Lemnaceae


source_id: ili:i98672
language: en
text:
one of four subclasses or superorders of Monocotyledones; comprises about 19,000 species in 25 families of mostly terrestrial herbs especially of moist places including: Cyperaceae; Gramineae; Bromeliaceae; and Zingiberaceae


source_id: ili:i98679
language: en
text:
a shortened compact cluster of flowers so arranged that the whole gives the effect of a single flower as in clover or members of the family Compositae


source_id: ili:i98681
language: en
text:
small flower with a flat strap-shaped corolla usually occupying the peripheral rings of a composite flower


source_id: ili:i98688
language: de
text:
die feinen Sporen, die die männlichen Geschlechtszellen enthalten und von den Staubbeuteln einer blühenden Pflanze getragen werden


source_id: ili:i98709
language: en
text:
a small body that contains the female germ cell of a plant; develops into a seed after fertilization


source_id: ili:i98717
language: de
text:
eine winzige epidermale Pore in einem Blatt oder Stängel, durch die Gase und Wasserdampf eindringen können


source_id: ili:i98718
language: en
text:
a pore in the outer wall of a spore or pollen grain through which the germ tube or pollen tube makes its exit on germination


source_id: ili:i98720
language: en
text:
(botany) a slender tubular outgrowth from a pollen grain when deposited on the stigma for a flower; it penetrates the style and conveys the male gametes to the ovule


source_id: ili:i98726
language: en
text:
where ovules develop on a central column in a compound ovary lacking septa or with septa at base only


source_id: ili:i98729
language: en
text:
where ovules develop on the wall or slight outgrowths of the wall forming broken partitions within a compound ovary


source_id: ili:i98732
language: en
text:
small asexual reproductive structure in e.g. liverworts and mosses that detaches from the parent and develops into a new individual


source_id: ili:i98741
language: en
text:
a mature fertilized plant ovule consisting of an embryo and its food source and having a protective coat or testa


source_id: ili:i98745
language: en
text:
the hard inner (usually woody) layer of the pericarp of some fruits (as peaches or plums or cherries or olives) that contains the seed


source_id: ili:i98754
language: en
text:
a reduced or scarcely developed leaf at the start of a plant's life (i.e., cotyledons) or in the early stages of leaf development


source_id: ili:i98759
language: en
text:
the spore-producing individual or phase in the life cycle of a plant having alternation of generations


source_id: ili:i98760
language: en
text:
the gamete-bearing individual or phase in the life cycle of a plant having alternation of generations


source_id: ili:i98761
language: en
text:
the female gametophyte produced by the megaspore of a plant that produces both microspore and megaspores


source_id: ili:i98765
language: en
text:
smaller of the two types of spore produced in heterosporous plants; develops in the pollen sac into a male gametophyte


source_id: ili:i98768
language: en
text:
larger of the two types of spore produced in heterosporous plants; develops in ovule into a female gametophyte


source_id: ili:i98782
language: en
text:
the cuplike or ringlike or tubular structure of a flower which bears the sepals and stamens and calyx (as in Rosaceae)


source_id: ili:i98787
language: en
text:
(botany) the whorl of petals of a flower that collectively form an inner floral envelope or layer of the perianth


source_id: ili:i98788
language: en
text:
(botany) the trumpet-shaped or cup-shaped outgrowth of the corolla of a daffodil or narcissus flower


source_id: ili:i98789
language: en
text:
(botany) the whorl of sepals of a flower collectively forming the outer floral envelope or layer of the perianth enclosing and supporting the developing bud; usually green


source_id: ili:i98793
language: en
text:
collective term for the outer parts of a flower consisting of the calyx and corolla and enclosing the stamens and pistils


source_id: ili:i98793
language: de
text:
Sammelbegriff für die äußeren Teile einer Blüte, die aus dem Kelch und der Blumenkrone bestehen und die Staubgefäße und Stempel umschließen


source_id: ili:i98794
language: en
text:
calyx composed of scales or bristles or featherlike hairs in plants of the Compositae such as thistles and dandelions


source_id: ili:i98795
language: en
text:
pappus of a thistle consisting of silky featherlike hairs attached to the seed-like fruit of a thistle


source_id: ili:i98795
language: de
text:
Pappus einer Distel, bestehend aus seidigen federartigen Haaren, die an der samenartigen Frucht einer Distel befestigt sind


source_id: ili:i98796
language: en
text:
herbs, shrubs and trees: includes families Ranunculaceae; Annonaceae; Berberidaceae; Magnoliaceae; Menispermaceae; Myristicaceae; Nymphaeaceae; Lardizabalaceae; Lauraceae; Calycanthaceae; Ceratophyllaceae; Cercidiphyllaceae


source_id: ili:i98809
language: en
text:
evergreen Asian tree with aromatic greenish-yellow flowers yielding a volatile oil; widely grown in the tropics as an ornamental


source_id: ili:i98815
language: en
text:
tropical west African evergreen tree bearing pungent aromatic seeds used as a condiment and in folk medicine


source_id: ili:i98818
language: en
text:
any of numerous plants of the genus Berberis having prickly stems and yellow flowers followed by small red berries


source_id: ili:i98818
language: de
text:
eine der zahlreichen Pflanzen der Gattung Berberis mit stacheligen Stängeln und gelben Blüten, gefolgt von kleinen roten Beeren


source_id: ili:i98819
language: en
text:
deciduous shrub of eastern North America whose leaves turn scarlet in autumn and having racemes of yellow flowers followed by ellipsoid glossy red berries


source_id: ili:i98820
language: en
text:
upright deciduous European shrub widely naturalized in United States having clusters of juicy berries


source_id: ili:i98821
language: en
text:
compact deciduous shrub having persistent red berries; widespread in cultivation especially for hedges


source_id: ili:i98823
language: en
text:
tall herb of eastern North America and Asia having blue berrylike fruit and a thick knotty rootstock formerly used medicinally


source_id: ili:i98827
language: en
text:
ornamental evergreen shrub of Pacific coast of North America having dark green pinnate leaves and racemes of yellow flowers followed by blue-black berries


source_id: ili:i98841
language: en
text:
any aquatic plant of the genus Ceratophyllum; forms submerged masses in ponds and slow-flowing streams


source_id: ili:i98844
language: en
text:
rapidly growing deciduous tree of low mountainsides of China and Japan; grown as an ornamental for its dark blue-green candy-scented foliage that becomes yellow to scarlet in autumn


source_id: ili:i98850
language: en
text:
small Mediterranean evergreen tree with small blackish berries and glossy aromatic leaves used for flavoring in cooking; also used by ancient Greeks to crown victors


source_id: ili:i98850
language: de
text:
kleiner, immergrüner Baum aus dem Mittelmeerraum mit kleinen, schwärzlichen Beeren und glänzenden, aromatischen Blättern, die in der Küche zum Würzen verwendet werden; von den alten Griechen auch als Siegeskrone verwendet


source_id: ili:i98860
language: en
text:
used in some classifications for the American spicebush and certain other plants often included in the genus Lindera


source_id: ili:i98861
language: en
text:
deciduous shrub of the eastern United States having highly aromatic leaves and bark and yellow flowers followed by scarlet or yellow berries


source_id: ili:i98866
language: en
text:
yellowwood tree with brittle wood and aromatic leaves and bark; source of sassafras oil; widely distributed in eastern North America


source_id: ili:i98866
language: de
text:
Gelbholzbaum mit sprödem Holz und aromatischen Blättern und Rinde; Quelle für Sassafrasöl; im östlichen Nordamerika weit verbreitet


source_id: ili:i98869
language: en
text:
Pacific coast tree having aromatic foliage and small umbellate flowers followed by olivelike fruit; yields a hard tough wood


source_id: ili:i98869
language: de
text:
Baum an der Pazifikküste mit aromatischem Laub und kleinen, doldenförmigen Blüten, gefolgt von olivenähnlichen Früchten; ergibt ein hartes, zähes Holz


source_id: ili:i98875
language: en
text:
small tree of China and Vietnam bearing anise-scented star-shaped fruit used in food and medicinally as a carminative


source_id: ili:i98876
language: en
text:
shrubs or trees of North America or Asia having entire evergreen or deciduous leaves; among most ancient of angiosperm genera


source_id: ili:i98879
language: en
text:
evergreen tree of southern United States having large stiff glossy leaves and huge white sweet-smelling flowers


source_id: ili:i98880
language: en
text:
small deciduous tree of eastern North America having creamy white flowers and large leaves in formations like umbrellas at the ends of branches


source_id: ili:i98883
language: en
text:
large deciduous shrub or tree of southeastern United States having huge leaves in dense false whorls and large creamy flowers tinged purple toward the base


source_id: ili:i98884
language: en
text:
large deciduous shrub or small tree having large open rosy to purplish flowers; native to Asia; prized as an ornamental in eastern North America


source_id: ili:i98885
language: en
text:
deciduous shrubby magnolia from Japan having fragrant white starlike flowers blooming before leaves unfold; grown as an ornamental in United States


source_id: ili:i98886
language: en
text:
shrub or small tree having rather small fragrant white flowers; abundant in southeastern United States


source_id: ili:i98889
language: en
text:
tall North American deciduous timber tree having large tulip-shaped greenish yellow flowers and conelike fruit; yields soft white woods used especially for cabinet work


source_id: ili:i98894
language: en
text:
a woody vine of eastern North America having large oval leaves and small white flowers and purple to blue-black fruits


source_id: ili:i98898
language: en
text:
type genus of Myristicaceae; tropical Asian evergreen trees with small white or yellow flowers followed by fleshy fruits


source_id: ili:i98899
language: en
text:
East Indian tree widely cultivated in the tropics for its aromatic seed; source of two spices: nutmeg and mace


source_id: ili:i98899
language: de
text:
ostindischer Baum, der wegen seiner aromatischen Samen in den Tropen weit verbreitet ist; Quelle von zwei Gewürzen: Muskatnuss und Muskatblüte


source_id: ili:i98903
language: en
text:
a water lily having large leaves and showy fragrant flowers that float on the water; of temperate and tropical regions


source_id: ili:i98909
language: en
text:
common water lily of eastern and central North America, having broad leaves and globe-shaped yellow flowers; in sluggish fresh or slightly brackish water


source_id: ili:i98912
language: en
text:
in some classifications considered an independent family of water lilies; comprises the single genus Nelumbo


source_id: ili:i98916
language: en
text:
in some classifications considered an independent family of water lilies; comprises the genera Cabomba and Brasenia


source_id: ili:i98918
language: en
text:
common aquatic plant of eastern North America having floating and submerged leaves and white yellow-spotted flowers


source_id: ili:i98920
language: en
text:
aquatic plant with floating oval leaves and purple flowers; in lakes and slow-moving streams; suitable for aquariums


source_id: ili:i98923
language: en
text:
any of numerous plants widely cultivated for their showy single or double red or pink or white flowers


source_id: ili:i98927
language: en
text:
perennial European buttercup with yellow spring flowers widely naturalized especially in eastern North America


source_id: ili:i98928
language: en
text:
plant of ponds and slow streams having submerged and floating leaves and white flowers; Europe and North America


source_id: ili:i98929
language: en
text:
perennial Old World buttercup with golden to sulphur yellow flowers in late spring to early summer; naturalized in North America


source_id: ili:i98930
language: en
text:
perennial herb native to Europe but naturalized elsewhere having heart-shaped leaves and yellow flowers resembling buttercups; its tuberous roots have been used as a poultice to relieve piles


source_id: ili:i98938
language: en
text:
genus of poisonous plants of temperate regions of northern hemisphere with a vaulted and enlarged petal


source_id: ili:i98939
language: en
text:
any of various usually poisonous plants of the genus Aconitum having tuberous roots and palmately lobed leaves and blue or white flowers


source_id: ili:i98940
language: en
text:
a poisonous herb native to northern Europe having hooded blue-purple flowers; the dried leaves and roots yield aconite


source_id: ili:i98940
language: de
text:
ein in Nordeuropa beheimatetes giftiges Kraut mit kapuzenförmigen blau-violetten Blüten; die getrockneten Blätter und Wurzeln ergeben Eisenhut


source_id: ili:i98941
language: en
text:
poisonous Eurasian perennial herb with broad rounded leaves and yellow flowers and fibrous rootstock


source_id: ili:i98945
language: en
text:
North American perennial herb with alternately compound leaves and racemes of small white flowers followed by bright red oval poisonous berries


source_id: ili:i98950
language: en
text:
any woodland plant of the genus Anemone grown for its beautiful flowers and whorls of dissected leaves


source_id: ili:i98960
language: en
text:
woodland flower native to eastern North America having cup-shaped flowers reminiscent of anemone but more delicate


source_id: ili:i98962
language: en
text:
a plant of the genus Aquilegia having irregular showy spurred flowers; north temperate regions especially mountains


source_id: ili:i98965
language: en
text:
common European columbine having variously colored (white or blue to purple or red) short-spurred flowers; naturalized in United States


source_id: ili:i98969
language: en
text:
a plant of the genus Cimicifuga having flowers in long racemes or panicles reported to be distasteful to insects


source_id: ili:i98981
language: en
text:
woody vine of the southern United States having purple or blue flowers with leathery recurved sepals


source_id: ili:i98982
language: en
text:
scandent subshrub of southeastern United States having large red-purple bell-shaped flowers with leathery recurved sepals


source_id: ili:i98983
language: en
text:
common climber of eastern North America that sprawls over other plants and bears numerous panicles of small creamy white flowers


source_id: ili:i98984
language: en
text:
vigorous deciduous climber of Europe to Afghanistan and Lebanon having panicles of fragrant green-white flowers in summer and autumn


source_id: ili:i98987
language: en
text:
low-growing perennial of North America woodlands having trifoliate leaves and yellow rootstock and white flowers


source_id: ili:i98988
language: en
text:
plants having flowers resembling the larkspur's but differing from larkspur's in the arrangement of petals; sometimes included in genus Delphinium


source_id: ili:i98989
language: en
text:
commonly cultivated larkspur of southern Europe having unbranched spikelike racemes of blue or sometimes purplish or pinkish flowers; sometime placed in genus Delphinium


source_id: ili:i98991
language: en
text:
any plant of the genus Delphinium having palmately divided leaves and showy spikes of variously colored spurred flowers; some contain extremely poisonous substances


source_id: ili:i98994
language: en
text:
small Old World perennial herb grown for its bright yellow flowers which appear in early spring often before snow is gone


source_id: ili:i98999
language: en
text:
slightly hairy perennial having deep green leathery leaves and flowers that are ultimately purplish-green


source_id: ili:i99002
language: en
text:
any of several plants of the genus Hepatica having three-lobed leaves and white or pinkish flowers in early spring; of moist and mossy subalpine woodland areas of north temperate regions


source_id: ili:i99003
language: en
text:
small genus of perennial herbs having rhizomes and palmate leaves and small solitary flowers; of northeastern United States and Japan


source_id: ili:i99004
language: en
text:
perennial herb of northeastern United States having a thick knotted yellow rootstock and large rounded leaves


source_id: ili:i99006
language: en
text:
slender erect perennial of eastern North America having tuberous roots and pink-tinged white flowers; resembles meadow rue


source_id: ili:i99008
language: en
text:
spectacular perennial native of wet montane grasslands of Peru; formerly included in genus Ranunculus


source_id: ili:i99014
language: en
text:
includes a group of plants that in some classifications are included in the genus Anemone: pasqueflowers


source_id: ili:i99020
language: en
text:
any of various herbs of the genus Thalictrum; sometimes rhizomatous or tuberous perennials found in damp shady places and meadows or stream banks; have lacy foliage and clouds of small purple or yellow flowers


source_id: ili:i99025
language: en
text:
small family of chiefly tropical shrubs and trees of genera Drimys and Pseudowintera; sometimes included in Magnoliaceae


source_id: ili:i99029
language: en
text:
evergreen shrub or small tree whose foliage is conspicuously blotched with red and yellow and having small black fruits


source_id: ili:i99035
language: en
text:
evergreen aromatic shrubby tree of southeastern United States having small hard berries thickly coated with white wax used for candles


source_id: ili:i99042
language: en
text:
very small deciduous dioecious tree or shrub of damp habitats in southeastern United States having extremely light wood


source_id: ili:i99046
language: en
text:
tall rush with soft erect or arching stems found in Eurasia, Australia, New Zealand, and common in North America


source_id: ili:i99059
language: en
text:
a large family of trees, shrubs, vines, and herbs bearing bean pods; divided for convenience into the subfamilies Caesalpiniaceae; Mimosaceae; Papilionaceae


source_id: ili:i99061
language: en
text:
the fruit or seed of any of various bean or pea plants consisting of a case that splits along both sides when ripe and having the seeds attach to one side of the case


source_id: ili:i99063
language: en
text:
widely cultivated American plant cultivated in tropical and warm regions; showy yellow flowers on stalks that bend over to the soil so that seed pods ripen underground


source_id: ili:i99071
language: en
text:
tall tropical South American tree having pulpy egg-shaped pods of fragrant black almond-shaped seeds used for flavoring


source_id: ili:i99072
language: en
text:
fragrant black nutlike seeds of the tonka bean tree; used in perfumes and medicines and as a substitute for vanilla


source_id: ili:i99074
language: en
text:
West Indian locust tree having pinnate leaves and panicles of large white or purplish flowers; yields very hard tough wood


source_id: ili:i99079
language: en
text:
biennial yellow-flowered Eurasian plant having aromatic leaves used as carminative or flavoring agent; widely cultivated especially as green manure or cover crop


source_id: ili:i99082
language: en
text:
erect or trailing perennial of eastern Australia having axillary racemes of blue to purple or red flowers


source_id: ili:i99083
language: en
text:
shrubby perennial of southern Australia having downy or woolly stems and undersides of leaves and racemes of red to pink flowers


source_id: ili:i99088
language: en
text:
southern European annual with spiky heads of crimson flower; extensively cultivated in United States for forage


source_id: ili:i99089
language: en
text:
erect to decumbent short-lived perennial having red-purple to pink flowers; the most commonly grown forage clover


source_id: ili:i99091
language: en
text:
creeping European clover having white to pink flowers and bright green leaves; naturalized in United States; widely grown for forage


source_id: ili:i99092
language: en
text:
family of spiny woody plants (usually shrubs or small trees) whose leaves mimic animals in sensitivity to touch; commonly included in the family Leguminosae


source_id: ili:i99094
language: en
text:
genus of spiny woody shrubs or trees; named for their apparent imitation of animal sensitivity to light and heat and movement


source_id: ili:i99095
language: en
text:
any of various tropical shrubs or trees of the genus Mimosa having usually yellow flowers and compound leaves


source_id: ili:i99095
language: de
text:
einer der verschiedenen tropischen Sträucher oder Bäume der Gattung Mimose mit meist gelben Blüten und zusammengesetzten Blättern


source_id: ili:i99096
language: en
text:
semi-climbing prickly evergreen shrub of tropical America having compound leaves sensitive to light and touch


source_id: ili:i99097
language: en
text:
prostrate or semi-erect subshrub of tropical America, and Australia; heavily armed with recurved thorns and having sensitive soft grey-green leaflets that fold and droop at night or when touched or cooled


source_id: ili:i99098
language: en
text:
large genus of shrubs and trees and some woody vines of Central and South America, Africa, Australia and Polynesia: wattle; mimosa


source_id: ili:i99105
language: en
text:
East Indian spiny tree having twice-pinnate leaves and yellow flowers followed by flat pods; source of black catechu


source_id: ili:i99106
language: en
text:
extract of the heartwood of Acacia catechu used for dyeing and tanning and preserving fishnets and sails; formerly used medicinally


source_id: ili:i99107
language: de
text:
immergrüner australischer Baum mit weißer oder silbriger Rinde und jungen Blättern und gelben Blüten


source_id: ili:i99110
language: en
text:
shrubby Australian tree having clusters of fragrant golden yellow flowers; widely cultivated as an ornamental


source_id: ili:i99116
language: en
text:
attractive domed or flat-topped Asiatic tree having bipinnate leaves and flowers with long silky stamens


source_id: ili:i99117
language: en
text:
large spreading Old World tree having large leaves and globose clusters of greenish-yellow flowers and long seed pods that clatter in the wind


source_id: ili:i99118
language: en
text:
large ornamental tropical American tree with bipinnate leaves and globose clusters of flowers with crimson stamens and seed pods that are eaten by cattle


source_id: ili:i99120
language: en
text:
Brazilian shrub having twice-pinnate leaves and small spicate flowers followed by flat or irregularly torulose pods; sometimes placed in genus Piptadenia


source_id: ili:i99121
language: en
text:
genus of pinnate-leaved shrubs and small trees of tropical and subtropical North and South America and India and West Africa


source_id: ili:i99122
language: en
text:
any of various shrubs and small trees valued for their fine foliage and attractive spreading habit and clustered white to deep pink or red flowers


source_id: ili:i99124
language: en
text:
tropical South American tree having a wide-spreading crown of bipinnate leaves and coiled ear-shaped fruits; grown for shade and ornament as well as valuable timber


source_id: ili:i99126
language: en
text:
any tree or shrub of the genus Inga having pinnate leaves and showy usually white flowers; cultivated as ornamentals


source_id: ili:i99128
language: en
text:
tropical tree of Central America and West Indies and Puerto Rico having spikes of white flowers; used as shade for coffee plantations


source_id: ili:i99130
language: en
text:
low scrubby tree of tropical and subtropical North America having white flowers tinged with yellow resembling mimosa and long flattened pods


source_id: ili:i99136
language: en
text:
any of several Old World tropical trees of the genus Parkia having heads of red or yellow flowers followed by pods usually containing edible seeds and pulp


source_id: ili:i99137
language: en
text:
tall evergreen rain forest tree with wide-spreading crown having yellow-white flowers; grown as an ornamental in parks and large gardens


source_id: ili:i99140
language: en
text:
common thorny tropical American tree having terminal racemes of yellow flowers followed by sickle-shaped or circinate edible pods and yielding good timber and a yellow dye and mucilaginous gum


source_id: ili:i99141
language: en
text:
erect shrub with small if any spines having racemes of white to yellow flowers followed by curved pointed pods and black shiny seeds; West Indies and Florida


source_id: ili:i99143
language: en
text:
any of several small spiny trees or shrubs of the genus Prosopis having small flowers in axillary cylindrical spikes followed by large pods rich in sugar


source_id: ili:i99144
language: en
text:
thorny deep-rooted drought-resistant shrub native to southwestern United States and Mexico bearing pods rich in sugar and important as livestock feed; tends to form extensive thickets


source_id: ili:i99147
language: en
text:
shrub or small tree of southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico having spirally twisted pods


source_id: ili:i99148
language: en
text:
spirally twisted sweet pod of screwbean mesquite that is used for fodder or ground into meal for feed


source_id: ili:i99149
language: en
text:
chiefly tropical trees or shrubs or herbs having milky juice and often showy flowers; many are sources of drugs


source_id: ili:i99151
language: en
text:
any of several poisonous perennial plants of the genus Apocynum having acrid milky juice and bell-shaped white or pink flowers and a very bitter root


source_id: ili:i99152
language: en
text:
North American perennial having pinkish flowers in loose cymes; used in folk medicine for pain or inflammation in joints


source_id: ili:i99153
language: en
text:
Canadian dogbane yielding a tough fiber used as cordage by Native Americans; used in folk medicine for pain or inflammation in joints


source_id: ili:i99156
language: en
text:
medium-sized shrubby tree of South Africa having thick leathery evergreen leaves and white or pink flowers and globose usually two-seeded purplish black fruits


source_id: ili:i99159
language: en
text:
South African shrub having a swollen succulent stem and bearing showy pink and white flowers after the leaves fall; popular as an ornamental in tropics


source_id: ili:i99162
language: en
text:
vigorous evergreen climbing plant of South America having glossy leathery foliage and golden yellow flowers


source_id: ili:i99163
language: en
text:
genus of evergreen trees or shrubs with white funnel-shaped flowers and milky sap; tropical Africa to southeastern Asia and Polynesia


source_id: ili:i99164
language: en
text:
evergreen tree of eastern Asia and Philippines having large leathery leaves and small green-white flowers in compact cymes; bark formerly used medicinally


source_id: ili:i99165
language: en
text:
genus of herbs and subshrubs with milky juice and showy bluish flowers; Europe to Asia Minor to Japan and North America


source_id: ili:i99166
language: en
text:
subshrubs of southeastern United States forming slow-growing clumps and having blue flowers in short terminal cymes


source_id: ili:i99168
language: en
text:
evergreen woody twiner with large glossy leaves and showy corymbs of fragrant white trumpet-shaped flowers


source_id: ili:i99173
language: en
text:
small genus of erect annual or perennial herbs native to Madagascar; widely naturalized in the tropics; formerly included in genus Vinca


source_id: ili:i99176
language: en
text:
tropical Asian tree with hard white wood and bark formerly used as a remedy for dysentery and diarrhea


source_id: ili:i99177
language: en
text:
genus of tropical South American tuberous perennial woody vines with large racemose flowers and milky sap


source_id: ili:i99179
language: en
text:
woody vine of Argentina grown as an ornamental for its glossy leaves and racemes of large fragrant funnel-shaped creamy-white flowers


source_id: ili:i99181
language: en
text:
an ornamental but poisonous flowering shrub having narrow evergreen leaves and clusters of fragrant white to pink or red flowers: native to East Indies but widely cultivated in warm regions


source_id: ili:i99181
language: de
text:
ein dekorativer, aber giftiger blühender Strauch mit schmalen, immergrünen Blättern und Büscheln duftender weißer bis rosafarbener oder roter Blüten: heimisch in Ostindien, aber in warmen Regionen weit verbreitet


source_id: ili:i99182
language: en
text:
deciduous shrubs and trees of tropical America having branches like candelabra and fragrant white or pink flowers


source_id: ili:i99183
language: en
text:
any of various tropical American deciduous shrubs or trees of the genus Plumeria having milky sap and showy fragrant funnel-shaped variously colored flowers


source_id: ili:i99187
language: en
text:
any shrub or small tree of the genus Rauwolfia having leaves in whorls and cymose flowers; yield substances used medicinally especially as emetics or purgatives or antihypertensives


source_id: ili:i99190
language: en
text:
any of various shrubs or small trees of the genus Strophanthus having whorled leaves and showy flowers of various colors in dense and corymbose clusters; some have poisonous seeds


source_id: ili:i99193
language: en
text:
tropical shrub having glossy foliage and fragrant nocturnal flowers with crimped or wavy corollas; northern India to Thailand


source_id: ili:i99194
language: en
text:
genus of poisonous tropical American evergreen shrubs and trees having entire leaves and large cymose flowers


source_id: ili:i99195
language: en
text:
tropical American shrub or small tree having glossy dark green leaves and fragrant saffron yellow to orange or peach- colored flowers; all parts highly poisonous


source_id: ili:i99205
language: en
text:
type genus of the Araceae: tuberous perennial herbs of Europe and Asia with usually heart-shaped leaves


source_id: ili:i99207
language: en
text:
common European arum with lanceolate spathe and short purple spadix; emerges in early spring; source of a starch called arum


source_id: ili:i99214
language: en
text:
climbing herbs of southeastern Asia having thick fleshy oblong leaves and naked unisexual flowers: Chinese evergreen


source_id: ili:i99217
language: en
text:
any plant of the genus Alocasia having large showy basal leaves and boat-shaped spathe and reddish berries


source_id: ili:i99218
language: en
text:
large evergreen with extremely large erect or spreading leaves; cultivated widely in tropics for its edible rhizome and shoots; used in wet warm regions as a stately ornamental


source_id: ili:i99222
language: en
text:
foul-smelling somewhat fleshy tropical plant of southeastern Asia cultivated for its edible corms or in the greenhouse for its large leaves and showy dark red spathe surrounding a large spadix


source_id: ili:i99223
language: en
text:
malodorous tropical plant having a spathe that resembles the corolla of a morning glory and attains a diameter of several feet


source_id: ili:i99228
language: en
text:
common American spring-flowering woodland herb having sheathing leaves and an upright club-shaped spadix with overarching green and purple spathe producing scarlet berries


source_id: ili:i99229
language: en
text:
early spring-flowering plant of eastern North America resembling the related jack-in-the-pulpit but having digitate leaves, slender greenish yellow spathe and elongated spadix


source_id: ili:i99231
language: en
text:
tuberous perennial having a cowl-shaped maroon or violet-black spathe; Mediterranean; Canaries; Azores


source_id: ili:i99233
language: en
text:
any plant of the genus Caladium cultivated for their ornamental foliage variously patterned in white or pink or red


source_id: ili:i99236
language: en
text:
plant of wetlands and bogs of temperate regions having small greenish flowers partly enclosed in a white spathe and red berries


source_id: ili:i99238
language: en
text:
herb of the Pacific islands grown throughout the tropics for its edible root and in temperate areas as an ornamental for its large glossy leaves


source_id: ili:i99240
language: en
text:
water trumpet; aquatic herbs having broad leaves and long slender spathes; often used as aquarium plants


source_id: ili:i99241
language: en
text:
any plant of the genus Cryptocoryne; evergreen perennials growing in fresh or brackish water; tropical Asia


source_id: ili:i99242
language: en
text:
evergreen perennial herbs of tropical America with lush foliage and poisonous sap; often cultivated as houseplants


source_id: ili:i99243
language: en
text:
an evergreen plant with large showy dark green leaves; contains a poison that swells the tongue and throat hence the name


source_id: ili:i99245
language: en
text:
any plant of the genus Dracontium; strongly malodorous tropical American plants usually with gigantic leaves


source_id: ili:i99251
language: en
text:
clump-forming deciduous perennial swamp plant of western North America similar to Symplocarpus foetidus but having a yellow spathe


source_id: ili:i99254
language: en
text:
tropical American vine having roots that hang like cords and cylindrical fruit with a pineapple and banana flavor


source_id: ili:i99259
language: en
text:
aquatic plant of the southeastern United States having blue-green leaves and a spadix resembling a club covered with tiny yellow flowers


source_id: ili:i99262
language: en
text:
perennial herb of the eastern United States having arrowhead-shaped leaves and an elongate pointed spathe and green berries


source_id: ili:i99266
language: en
text:
pantropical floating plant forming a rosette of wedge-shaped leaves; a widespread weed in rivers and lakes


source_id: ili:i99270
language: en
text:
any of various plants of the genus Spathiphyllum having a white or green spathe and a spike of fragrant flowers and often cultivated as an ornamental


source_id: ili:i99272
language: en
text:
deciduous perennial low-growing fetid swamp plant of eastern North America having minute flowers enclosed in a mottled greenish or purple cowl-shaped spathe


source_id: ili:i99273
language: en
text:
epiphytic or terrestrial climbing shrubs of Central and South America; used as ornamental houseplants for their velvety foliage


source_id: ili:i99281
language: en
text:
any small or minute aquatic plant of the family Lemnaceae that float on or near the surface of shallow ponds


source_id: ili:i99282
language: en
text:
minute aquatic herbs floating on or below the water surface of still water consisting of a leaflike frond or plant body and single root


source_id: ili:i99285
language: en
text:
minute aquatic herbs floating on the water surface consisting of a shiny leaflike frond and 2-21 roots


source_id: ili:i99287
language: en
text:
minute rootless aquatic herbs having globular fronds floating on or near the water surface and bearing one flower per frond


source_id: ili:i99290
language: en
text:
minute rootless aquatic herbs having flat fronds floating on or below the water surface and bearing 1-2 flowers per frond; America and Africa


source_id: ili:i99293
language: en
text:
type genus of Araliaceae; large widely distributed genus of shrubs and trees and vines: spikenard; Hercules'-club


source_id: ili:i99294
language: en
text:
any of various plants of the genus Aralia; often aromatic plants having compound leaves and small umbellate flowers


source_id: ili:i99296
language: en
text:
common perennial herb having aromatic roots used as a substitute for sarsaparilla; central and eastern North America


source_id: ili:i99297
language: en
text:
unarmed woody rhizomatous perennial plant distinguished from wild sarsaparilla by more aromatic roots and panicled umbels; southeastern North America to Mexico


source_id: ili:i99306
language: en
text:
Chinese herb with palmately compound leaves and small greenish flowers and forked aromatic roots believed to have medicinal powers


source_id: ili:i99310
language: en
text:
erect evergreen shrub or small tree of Australia and northern New Guinea having palmately compound leaves


source_id: ili:i99314
language: en
text:
creeping plant having curving flowers thought to resemble fetuses; native to Europe; naturalized Great Britain and eastern North America


source_id: ili:i99315
language: en
text:
hardy deciduous vine having large leaves and flowers with the calyx tube curved like the bowl of a pipe


source_id: ili:i99320
language: en
text:
evergreen low-growing perennial having mottled green and silvery-grey heart-shaped pungent leaves; Virginia to South Carolina


source_id: ili:i99324
language: en
text:
a family of flowering plants in Africa and Argentina that are parasitic on the roots of other plants


source_id: ili:i99325
language: en
text:
a group of families of mostly flowers having basal or central placentation and trinucleate pollen (binucleate pollen is commoner in flowering plants); contains 14 families including: Caryophyllaceae (carnations and pinks); Aizoaceae; Amaranthaceae; Batidaceae; Chenopodiaceae; Cactaceae (order Opuntiales); Nyctaginaceae; Phytolaccaceae; corresponds approximately to order Caryophyllales; sometimes classified as a superorder


source_id: ili:i99331
language: en
text:
European annual having large trumpet-shaped reddish-purple flowers and poisonous seed; a common weed in grainfields and beside roadways; naturalized in America


source_id: ili:i99331
language: de
text:
Europäische einjährige Pflanze mit großen trompetenförmigen rötlich-violetten Blüten und giftigen Samen; ein weit verbreitetes Unkraut in Getreidefeldern und an Straßenrändern; in Amerika eingebürgert


source_id: ili:i99347
language: en
text:
Eurasian plant with pink to purple-red spice-scented usually double flowers; widely cultivated in many varieties and many colors


source_id: ili:i99348
language: en
text:
Chinese pink with deeply toothed rose-lilac flowers with a purplish eye; usually raised as an annual


source_id: ili:i99362
language: en
text:
glabrous annual with slender taproot and clusters of white flowers; western Europe especially western Mediterranean and Atlantic coastal areas


source_id: ili:i99367
language: en
text:
an old cottage garden plant of southeastern Europe widely cultivated for its attractive white woolly foliage and showy crimson flowers


source_id: ili:i99368
language: en
text:
mostly perennial herbs of northern hemisphere often with mat-forming habit; most often placed in genus Arenaria: sandworts


source_id: ili:i99369
language: en
text:
low-growing herbs widely distributed in temperate and Arctic northern hemisphere: sandworts; distinguished from members of the genus Arenaria mainly by having four-petaled rather than five-petaled flowers


source_id: ili:i99371
language: en
text:
loosely matted plant with moss-like foliage studded with tiny starry four-petaled white blossoms; mountains of central and southern Europe


source_id: ili:i99373
language: en
text:
any of various low-growing tufted plants of the genus Paronychia having tiny greenish flowers and usually whorled leaves; widespread throughout warm regions of both Old and New Worlds; formerly thought to cure whitlows (suppurative infections around a fingernail)


source_id: ili:i99374
language: en
text:
perennial tussock-forming rock plants; of Pyrenees and mountains of northern Spain; similar to and sometimes placed in genus Lychnis


source_id: ili:i99376
language: en
text:
any of various low-growing plants of the genus Sagina having small spherical flowers resembling pearls


source_id: ili:i99381
language: en
text:
large widely distributed genus of plants having mostly showy flowers of various colors: campion; catchfly


source_id: ili:i99383
language: en
text:
tuft- or mat-forming dwarf perennial of Arctic regions of western and central Europe and North America


source_id: ili:i99384
language: en
text:
perennial of eastern and central North America having short-stalked pink or white flowers in hairy clusters


source_id: ili:i99386
language: en
text:
bluish-green herb having sticky stems and clusters of large evening-opening white flowers with much-inflated calyx; sometimes placed in genus Lychnis


source_id: ili:i99392
language: en
text:
prostrate weedy herb with tiny pink flowers; widespread throughout Europe and Asia on sand dunes and heath and coastal cliffs; naturalized in eastern North America


source_id: ili:i99395
language: en
text:
a common low-growing annual garden weed with small white flowers; cosmopolitan; so-called because it is eaten by chickens


source_id: ili:i99396
language: en
text:
low-growing north temperate herb having small white star-shaped flowers; named for its alleged ability to ease sharp pains in the side


source_id: ili:i99398
language: en
text:
European annual with pale rose-colored flowers; cultivated flower or self-sown grainfield weed; introduced in North America; sometimes classified as a soapwort


source_id: ili:i99399
language: en
text:
succulent herbs or small shrubs mostly of South Africa but also New Zealand and North America: carpetweeds; fig marigolds


source_id: ili:i99401
language: de
text:
niedrig wachsende südafrikanische Sukkulentenpflanze mit einer Kapselfrucht, die ein essbares Fruchtfleisch enthält


source_id: ili:i99403
language: en
text:
low-growing showy succulent annual of South Africa having white or pink or red or orange flowers and spatulate leaves covered in papillae that resemble small crystals


source_id: ili:i99406
language: en
text:
any plant of the genus Lithops native to Africa having solitary yellow or white flowers and thick leaves that resemble stones


source_id: ili:i99408
language: en
text:
any of several South African plants of the genus Mesembryanthemum cultivated for showy pink or white flowers


source_id: ili:i99409
language: en
text:
Old World annual widely naturalized in warm regions having white flowers and fleshy foliage covered with hairs that resemble ice


source_id: ili:i99411
language: en
text:
annual prostrate mat-forming weed having whorled leaves and small greenish-white flowers; widespread throughout North America


source_id: ili:i99413
language: en
text:
highly succulent stemless clump-forming plants with grey-green leaves similar in texture to lumps of granite; South Africa


source_id: ili:i99415
language: en
text:
coarse sprawling Australasian plant with red or yellow flowers; cultivated for its edible young shoots and succulent leaves


source_id: ili:i99418
language: en
text:
any of various plants of the genus Amaranthus having dense plumes of green or red flowers; often cultivated for food


source_id: ili:i99422
language: en
text:
tall showy tropical American annual having hairy stems and long spikes of usually red flowers above leaves deeply flushed with purple; seeds often used as cereal


source_id: ili:i99423
language: en
text:
leaves sometimes used as potherbs; seeds used as cereal; southern United States to Central America; India and China


source_id: ili:i99424
language: en
text:
erect annual of tropical central Asia and Africa having a pair of divergent spines at most leaf nodes


source_id: ili:i99426
language: en
text:
prolific South American aquatic weed having grasslike leaves and short spikes of white flowers; clogs waterways with dense floating masses


source_id: ili:i99430
language: en
text:
genus of erect or procumbent herbs of the Americas having spikes of woolly white flowers: cottonweed


source_id: ili:i99431
language: en
text:
any of various plants of the genus Froelichia found in sandy soils and on rocky slopes in warmer regions of America; grown for their spikes of woolly white flowers


source_id: ili:i99436
language: en
text:
South American plant having green to purple or red branches with green to purple ornamental foliage and spikes of insignificant woolly flowers with dry membranous bracts


source_id: ili:i99440
language: en
text:
low-growing strong-smelling coastal shrub of warm parts of the New World having unisexual flowers in conelike spikes and thick succulent leaves


source_id: ili:i99448
language: en
text:
European annual with clusters of greenish flowers followed by red pulpy berrylike fruit; naturalized North America


source_id: ili:i99449
language: en
text:
annual European plant with spikes of greenish flowers and leaves that are white and hairy on the underside; common as a weed in North America


source_id: ili:i99458
language: en
text:
handsome low saltbush of arid southwestern United States and Mexico having blue-green prickly-edged leaves often used for Christmas decoration


source_id: ili:i99471
language: en
text:
a coarse annual herb introduced into North America from Siberia; dangerous to sheep and cattle on western rangelands because of its high oxalate content


source_id: ili:i99474
language: en
text:
fleshy maritime plant having fleshy stems with rudimentary scalelike leaves and small spikes of minute flowers; formerly used in making glass


source_id: ili:i99476
language: en
text:
bushy plant of Old World salt marshes and sea beaches having prickly leaves; burned to produce a crude soda ash


source_id: ili:i99484
language: en
text:
viscid branched perennial of the southwestern United States and northern Mexico having tuberous roots and deep red flowers


source_id: ili:i99486
language: en
text:
any of various plants of the genus Abronia of western North America and Mexico having flowers resembling verbena


source_id: ili:i99489
language: en
text:
plant having hemispherical heads of yellow trumpet-shaped flowers; found in coastal dunes from California to British Columbia


source_id: ili:i99490
language: en
text:
plant having hemispherical heads of wine-red flowers; found in coastal dunes from California to Mexico


source_id: ili:i99491
language: en
text:
prostrate herb having heads of deep pink to white flowers; found in coastal dunes from British Columbia to Baja California


source_id: ili:i99492
language: en
text:
soft-haired sticky plant with heads of bright pink trumpet-shaped flowers; found in sandy desert soil; after ample rains may carpet miles of desert with pink from the southwestern United States to northern Mexico


source_id: ili:i99494
language: en
text:
trailing plant having crowded clusters of 3 brilliant deep pink flowers resembling a single flower blooming near the ground; found in dry gravelly or sandy soil; southwestern United States and Mexico


source_id: ili:i99496
language: en
text:
any of several South American ornamental woody vines of the genus Bougainvillea having brilliant red or purple flower bracts; widely grown in warm regions


source_id: ili:i99501
language: en
text:
common garden plant of North America having fragrant red or purple or yellow or white flowers that open in late afternoon


source_id: ili:i99503
language: en
text:
leafy wildflower having fragrant slender white or pale pink trumpet-shaped flowers; southwestern United States and northern Mexico


source_id: ili:i99504
language: en
text:
wildflower having vibrant deep pink tubular evening-blooming flowers; found in sandy and desert areas from southern California to southern Colorado and into Mexico


source_id: ili:i99505
language: en
text:
leafy wildflower with lavender-pink flowers that open in the evening and remain through cool part of the next day; found in open woods or brush in mountains of southern Colorado to Arizona and into Mexico


source_id: ili:i99510
language: en
text:
any succulent plant of the family Cactaceae native chiefly to arid regions of the New World and usually having spines


source_id: ili:i99510
language: de
text:
eine sukkulente Pflanze aus der Familie der Kakteengewächse (Cactaceae), die hauptsächlich in den Trockengebieten der Neuen Welt heimisch ist und in der Regel Stacheln hat


source_id: ili:i99514
language: en
text:
commonly cultivated tropical American cactus having slender creeping stems and very large showy crimson flowers that bloom for several days


source_id: ili:i99516
language: en
text:
usually unbranched usually spineless cactus covered with warty tubercles and having magenta flowers and white or green fruit; resembles the related mescal; northeastern Mexico and southwestern United States


source_id: ili:i99518
language: en
text:
extremely large treelike cactus of desert regions of southwestern United States having a thick columnar sparsely branched trunk bearing white flowers and edible red pulpy fruit


source_id: ili:i99519
language: en
text:
genus of much-branched treelike or shrubby cacti with pronounced ribs and rounded needlelike spines and nocturnal flowers usually white


source_id: ili:i99521
language: en
text:
mainly globose cacti of southwestern United States and Mexico covered with many nodules; superficially resembling and formerly included in genus Mammillaria


source_id: ili:i99524
language: en
text:
any cactus of the genus Echinocactus; strongly ribbed and very spiny; southwestern United States to Brazil


source_id: ili:i99531
language: en
text:
any cactus of the genus Epiphyllum having flattened jointed irregularly branching stems and showy tubular flowers


source_id: ili:i99533
language: en
text:
a cactus of the genus Ferocactus: unbranched barrel-shaped cactus having deep ribs with numerous spines and usually large funnel-shaped flowers followed by dry fruits


source_id: ili:i99534
language: en
text:
large genus of low-growing globular South American cacti with spiny ribs covered with many tubercles


source_id: ili:i99535
language: en
text:
genus of slender often treelike spiny cacti with solitary showy nocturnal white or pink flowers; Florida and Caribbean to South America


source_id: ili:i99537
language: en
text:
spring-blooming South American cactus with oblong joints and coral-red flowers; sometimes placed in genus Schlumbergera


source_id: ili:i99538
language: en
text:
genus of climbing or epiphytic tropical American cacti with angular stems and mostly white very fragrant flowers


source_id: ili:i99540
language: en
text:
tropical American cacti usually tall and branching with stout spines and funnel-shaped flowers and globular or ovoid often edible fruit


source_id: ili:i99542
language: en
text:
two species of small cacti of northeastern Mexico and southwestern United States having rounded stems covered with jointed tubercles: mescal


source_id: ili:i99545
language: en
text:
large genus of cacti characterized chiefly by nipple-shaped protuberances or tubercles on their surface


source_id: ili:i99548
language: en
text:
genus of strongly ribbed globose or spheroid cacti of tropical South and Central America and the Caribbean


source_id: ili:i99556
language: en
text:
cacti having spiny flat joints and oval fruit that is edible in some species; often used as food for stock


source_id: ili:i99557
language: en
text:
arborescent cacti having very spiny cylindrical stem segments; southwestern United States and Mexico


source_id: ili:i99560
language: en
text:
genus of tropical American shrubby trees and woody climbers having slender branches with broad flat leaves and large panicles of flowers


source_id: ili:i99561
language: en
text:
West Indian woody climber with spiny stems and numerous fragrant white flowers in panicles followed by small yellow to orange fruits


source_id: ili:i99562
language: en
text:
large genus of epiphytic or lithophytic unarmed cacti with usually segmented stems and pendulous branches; flowers are small followed by berrylike fruits


source_id: ili:i99565
language: en
text:
epiphytic cactus of Brazilian ancestry widely cultivated as a houseplant having jointed flat segments and usually rose-purple flowers that bloom in winter


source_id: ili:i99568
language: en
text:
tropical American climbing cactus having triangular branches; often cultivated for its large showy night-blooming flowers followed by yellow red-streaked fruits


source_id: ili:i99569
language: en
text:
small genus of Brazilian cacti having flat fleshy usually branched joints and showy red or pink flowers followed by red fleshy fruits


source_id: ili:i99570
language: en
text:
South American jointed cactus with usually red flowers; often cultivated as a houseplant; sometimes classified as genus Schlumbergera


source_id: ili:i99571
language: en
text:
chiefly tropical herbaceous plants (including shrubs and trees) with racemose flowers: genera Phytolacca, Agdestis, Ercilla, Rivina, Trichostigma


source_id: ili:i99575
language: en
text:
tall coarse perennial American herb having small white flowers followed by blackish-red berries on long drooping racemes; young fleshy stems are edible; berries and root are poisonous


source_id: ili:i99576
language: en
text:
fast-growing herbaceous evergreen tree of South America having a broad trunk with high water content and dark green oval leaves


source_id: ili:i99577
language: en
text:
a genus with one species that is a rapidly growing climbing vine with tuberous roots; grown in hot climates


source_id: ili:i99580
language: en
text:
bushy houseplant having white to pale pink flowers followed by racemes of scarlet berries; tropical Americas


source_id: ili:i99583
language: en
text:
a plant of the family Portulacaceae having fleshy succulent obovate leaves often grown as a potherb or salad herb; a weed in some areas


source_id: ili:i99586
language: en
text:
widely cultivated in many varieties for its fleshy moss-like foliage and profusion of brightly colored flowers


source_id: ili:i99586
language: de
text:
wird wegen ihres fleischigen, moosartigen Laubs und der Fülle bunter Blüten in vielen Sorten angebaut


source_id: ili:i99587
language: en
text:
weedy trailing mat-forming herb with bright yellow flowers cultivated for its edible mildly acid leaves eaten raw or cooked especially in Indian and Greek and Middle Eastern cuisine; cosmopolitan


source_id: ili:i99588
language: en
text:
large genus of low-growing herbs; widespread throughout tropical and warm temperate regions having usually basal leaves and panicles of purplish ephemeral flowers


source_id: ili:i99590
language: en
text:
succulent carpet-forming plant having small brilliant reddish-pink flowers; southwestern United States


source_id: ili:i99591
language: en
text:
genus of mainly North American succulent herbs with white or pink flowers usually in terminal racemes


source_id: ili:i99593
language: en
text:
small slender plant having one pair of succulent leaves at the middle of the stem and a loose raceme of white or pink or rose bowl-shaped flowers and an edible corm


source_id: ili:i99594
language: en
text:
small cormous perennial grown for its low rosette of succulent foliage and racemes of pink-tinged white flowers; eastern North America


source_id: ili:i99595
language: en
text:
genus of western North American low-growing herbs having linear woolly leaves and large pink flowers


source_id: ili:i99596
language: en
text:
evergreen perennial having a dense basal rosette of long spatula-shaped leaves and panicles of pink or white-and-red-striped or pink-purple flowers; found on cliffs and in rock crevices in mountains of southwestern Oregon and northern California


source_id: ili:i99597
language: en
text:
showy succulent ground-hugging plant of Rocky Mountains regions having deep to pale pink flowers and fleshy farinaceous roots; the Montana state flower


source_id: ili:i99598
language: en
text:
small genus of densely tufted annual herbs; north temperate regions and South America and tropical Africa and Asia


source_id: ili:i99600
language: en
text:
succulent plant with mostly basal leaves; stem bears 1 pair of broadly ovate or heart-shaped leaves and a loose raceme of 3-10 white flowers; western North America


source_id: ili:i99602
language: en
text:
a floating or creeping Indian lettuce having terminal racemes of pale rose flowers; wet areas at high elevations of western North America


source_id: ili:i99603
language: en
text:
succulent herb sometimes grown as a salad or pot herb; grows on dunes and waste ground of Pacific coast of North America


source_id: ili:i99604
language: en
text:
small genus of usually perennial herbs having deep woody taproots and flower heads of umbels or cymes


source_id: ili:i99605
language: en
text:
pink clusters of densely packed flowers on prostrate stems resemble upturned pads of cats' feet; grow in coniferous forests of western North America


source_id: ili:i99607
language: en
text:
plant with fleshy roots and erect stems with narrow succulent leaves and one reddish-orange flower in each upper leaf axil; southwestern United States; Indians once cooked the fleshy roots


source_id: ili:i99608
language: en
text:
similar to Talinum aurantiacum but with narrower leaves and yellow-orange flowers; southwestern United States


source_id: ili:i99609
language: en
text:
low plant with crowded narrow succulent leaves and fairly large deep pink axillary flowers that seem to sit on the ground; southwestern United States


source_id: ili:i99611
language: en
text:
erect plant with tuberous roots and terminal panicles of red to yellow flowers; southwestern North America to Central America; widely introduced elsewhere


source_id: ili:i99612
language: en
text:
low cushion-forming plant with rose to crimson-magenta flowers and leaf midribs that persist as spines when the leaves die; southwestern United States


source_id: ili:i99614
language: en
text:
a dilleniid dicot family of the order Rhoeadales that includes: genera Capparis, Cleome, Crateva, and Polanisia


source_id: ili:i99621
language: en
text:
prostrate spiny shrub of the Mediterranean region cultivated for its greenish flower buds which are pickled


source_id: ili:i99624
language: en
text:
native to South America but naturalized in warm parts of United States; grown for its long-lasting spider-shaped white to pink-purple flowers


source_id: ili:i99625
language: en
text:
plant of western North America having trifoliate leaves and white or pink spider-shaped flowers; sometimes used as an ornamental


source_id: ili:i99627
language: en
text:
widely distributed herbs having palmate leaves and creamy white to or pink to magenta flowers with many stamens of unequal length


source_id: ili:i99629
language: en
text:
a large family of plants with four-petaled flowers; includes mustards, cabbages, broccoli, turnips, cresses, and their many relatives


source_id: ili:i99640
language: en
text:
small grey Asiatic desert plant bearing minute white flowers that rolls up when dry and expands when moist


source_id: ili:i99641
language: en
text:
a genus of the mustard family having white or yellow or purplish flowers; closely related to genus Arabis


source_id: ili:i99642
language: en
text:
a small invasive self-pollinating weed with small white flowers; much studied by plant geneticists; the first higher plant whose complete genome sequence was described


source_id: ili:i99643
language: en
text:
a small noninvasive cross-pollinating plant with white flowers; closely related to Arabidopsis thaliana


source_id: ili:i99653
language: en
text:
any plant of the genus Barbarea: yellow-flowered Eurasian cresses; widely cultivated for winter salad


source_id: ili:i99657
language: en
text:
tall European annual with downy grey-green foliage and dense heads of small white flowers followed by hairy pods; naturalized in North America; sometimes a troublesome weed


source_id: ili:i99659
language: en
text:
plant of southeastern Europe having yellow flowers like those of mustard and pods with open valves resembling bucklers


source_id: ili:i99662
language: de
text:
eine der verschiedenen Sorten der Gattung Brassica oleracea, die wegen ihrer essbaren Blätter oder Blüten angebaut werden


source_id: ili:i99663
language: en
text:
any of various cultivated cabbage plants having a short thick stalk and large compact head of edible usually green leaves


source_id: ili:i99679
language: en
text:
plant with an elongated head of broad stalked leaves resembling celery; used as a vegetable in east Asia


source_id: ili:i99682
language: en
text:
widespread Eurasian annual plant cultivated for its pungent seeds; a principal source of table mustard


source_id: ili:i99687
language: en
text:
salt-tolerant seashore annual grown for its fragrant rose or violet flowers and fleshy grey-green foliage


source_id: ili:i99689
language: en
text:
annual European false flax having small white flowers; cultivated since Neolithic times as a source of fiber and for its oil-rich seeds; widely naturalized in North America


source_id: ili:i99691
language: en
text:
white-flowered annual European herb bearing triangular notched pods; nearly cosmopolitan as an introduced weed


source_id: ili:i99694
language: en
text:
any of various herbs of the genus Cardamine, having usually pinnate leaves and racemes of white, pink or purple flowers; cosmopolitan except Antarctic


source_id: ili:i99702
language: en
text:
perennial of southern Europe having clusters of fragrant flowers of all colors especially yellow and orange; often naturalized on old walls or cliffs; sometimes placed in genus Erysimum


source_id: ili:i99705
language: en
text:
a widely distributed Arctic cress reputed to have value in treatment or prevention of scurvy; a concentrated source of vitamin C


source_id: ili:i99707
language: en
text:
perennial of coastal sands and shingles of northern Europe and Baltic and Black Seas having racemes of small white flowers and large fleshy blue-green leaves often used as potherbs


source_id: ili:i99708
language: en
text:
includes annual or biennial herbs of America and Europe very similar to and often included among those of genera Sisymbrium or Hugueninia; not recognized in some classification systems


source_id: ili:i99711
language: en
text:
yellow-flowered European plant that grows on old walls and in waste places; an adventive weed in North America


source_id: ili:i99714
language: en
text:
any of numerous low-growing cushion-forming plants of the genus Draba having rosette-forming leaves and terminal racemes of small flowers with scapose or leafy stems; fruit is a dehiscent oblong or linear silique


source_id: ili:i99715
language: en
text:
annual weed of Europe and North America having a rosette of basal leaves and tiny flowers followed by oblong seed capsules


source_id: ili:i99717
language: de
text:
aufrechte, einjährige europäische Pflanze, die häufig als Salat angebaut wird und geerntet wird, wenn sie jung und zart ist.


source_id: ili:i99718
language: en
text:
large genus of annual or perennial herbs some grown for their flowers and some for their attractive evergreen leaves; Old World and North America


source_id: ili:i99721
language: en
text:
showy erect biennial or short-lived perennial cultivated for its terminal racemes of orange-yellow flowers; sometimes placed in genus Cheiranthus


source_id: ili:i99722
language: en
text:
biennial or short-lived perennial prairie rocket having orange-yellow flowers; western North America to Minnesota and Kansas; sometimes placed in genus Cheiranthus


source_id: ili:i99723
language: en
text:
slender yellow-flowered European mustard often troublesome as a weed; formerly used as an anthelmintic


source_id: ili:i99725
language: en
text:
any of various South African herbs and subshrubs cultivated for long showy racemes of bright blue flowers with white eyes


source_id: ili:i99727
language: en
text:
long cultivated herb having flowers whose scent is more pronounced in the evening; naturalized throughout Europe to Siberia and into North America


source_id: ili:i99729
language: en
text:
perennial stellate and hairy herb with small yellow flowers of mountains of southern Europe; sometimes placed in genus Sisymbrium


source_id: ili:i99731
language: en
text:
any of various flowering plants of the genus Iberis cultivated for their showy clusters of white to red or purple flowers; native to Mediterranean region


source_id: ili:i99740
language: en
text:
perennial European plant having clusters of small fragrant usually white flowers; widely grown in gardens


source_id: ili:i99742
language: en
text:
southeastern European plant cultivated for its fragrant purplish flowers and round flat papery silver-white seedpods that are used for indoor decoration


source_id: ili:i99745
language: en
text:
erect branching herb cultivated for its loose racemes of fragrant white or pink or red or lilac flowers; native to sands and sea cliffs of southwestern Greece and southern Albania


source_id: ili:i99750
language: en
text:
perennial Eurasian cress growing chiefly in springs or running water having fleshy pungent leaves used in salads or as a potherb or garnish; introduced in North America and elsewhere


source_id: ili:i99754
language: en
text:
small tufted perennial herb of mountains of central and southern Europe having very small flowers of usually leafless stems; sometimes placed in genus Lepidium


source_id: ili:i99762
language: en
text:
annual or biennial cress growing in damp places sometimes used in salads or as a potherb; troublesome weed in some localities


source_id: ili:i99763
language: en
text:
perennial herb found on streams and riversides throughout Europe except extreme north and Mediterranean; sometimes placed in genus Nasturtium


source_id: ili:i99765
language: en
text:
a dainty South American annual having deeply pinnatifid leaves and racemes of fringed almond-scented purple-white flowers


source_id: ili:i99769
language: en
text:
genus of Old World annual or biennial or perennial herbs with racemose flowers; many are considered to be weeds


source_id: ili:i99770
language: en
text:
stiffly branching Old World annual with pale yellow flowers; widely naturalized in North America; formerly used medicinally


source_id: ili:i99772
language: en
text:
perennial of southwestern United States having leathery blue-green pinnatifid leaves and thick plumelike spikes of yellow flowers; sometimes placed in genus Cleome


source_id: ili:i99776
language: en
text:
small aquatic plant having tufted awl-shaped leaves in a basal rosette and minute white flowers; circumboreal


source_id: ili:i99781
language: en
text:
annual herb having pinnatifid basal leaves and slender racemes of small white flowers followed by one-seeded winged silicles


source_id: ili:i99792
language: en
text:
subarctic perennial poppy of both hemispheres having fragrant white or yellow to orange or peach flowers


source_id: ili:i99793
language: en
text:
commonly cultivated Asiatic perennial poppy having stiff heavily haired leaves and bright scarlet or pink to orange flowers


source_id: ili:i99797
language: en
text:
any plant of the genus Argemone having large white or yellow flowers and prickly leaves and stems and pods; chiefly of tropical America


source_id: ili:i99798
language: en
text:
annual herb with prickly stems and large yellow flowers; southern United States to West Indies and Mexico


source_id: ili:i99806
language: en
text:
glaucous herb of northeastern United States and Canada having loose racemes of yellow-tipped pink flowers; sometimes placed in genus Fumaria


source_id: ili:i99809
language: en
text:
evergreen shrub of southwestern United States and Mexico often cultivated for its fragrant golden yellow flowers


source_id: ili:i99815
language: en
text:
native of Mexican highlands grown for its glossy clear yellow flowers and blue-grey finely dissected foliage


source_id: ili:i99824
language: en
text:
tall branching subshrub of California and Mexico often cultivated for its silvery-blue foliage and large fragrant white flowers


source_id: ili:i99826
language: en
text:
perennial woodland native of North America having a red root and red sap and bearing a solitary lobed leaf and white flower in early spring and having acrid emetic properties; rootstock used as a stimulant and expectorant


source_id: ili:i99831
language: en
text:
erect or climbing herbs of the northern hemisphere and southern Africa: bleeding heart; Dutchman's breeches; fumitory; squirrel corn


source_id: ili:i99833
language: en
text:
delicate European herb with greyish leaves and spikes of purplish flowers; formerly used medicinally


source_id: ili:i99840
language: en
text:
a group of mostly sympetalous herbs and some trees and shrubs mostly with 2 fused carpels; contains 43 families including Campanulales; Solanaceae; Scrophulariaceae; Labiatae; Verbenaceae; Rubiaceae; Compositae; sometimes classified as a superorder


source_id: ili:i99841
language: en
text:
an order of plants of the subclass Asteridae including: Campanulaceae; Lobeliaceae; Cucurbitaceae; Goodeniaceae; Compositae


source_id: ili:i99842
language: en
text:
plants with heads composed of many florets: aster; daisy; dandelion; goldenrod; marigold; lettuces; ragweed; sunflower; thistle; zinnia


source_id: ili:i99843
language: en
text:
considered the most highly evolved dicotyledonous plants, characterized by florets arranged in dense heads that resemble single flowers


source_id: ili:i99843
language: de
text:
die am höchsten entwickelte zweikeimblättrige Pflanze, die durch in dichten Köpfen angeordnete Blüten gekennzeichnet ist, die Einzelblüten ähneln


source_id: ili:i99844
language: en
text:
any of several plants having leaves so arranged on the axis as to indicate the cardinal points of the compass


source_id: ili:i99845
language: en
text:
any of various plants of various genera of the family Compositae having flowers that can be dried without loss of form or color


source_id: ili:i99846
language: en
text:
perennial often aromatic and sometimes mat-forming herbs of north temperate regions: yarrow; milfoil


source_id: ili:i99847
language: en
text:
any of several plants of the genus Achillea native to Europe and having small white flowers in flat-topped flower heads


source_id: ili:i99848
language: en
text:
ubiquitous strong-scented mat-forming Eurasian herb of wasteland, hedgerow or pasture having narrow serrate leaves and small usually white florets; widely naturalized in North America


source_id: ili:i99849
language: en
text:
Eurasian herb having loose heads of button-shaped white flowers and long grey-green leaves that cause sneezing when powdered


source_id: ili:i99850
language: en
text:
genus of herbs and shrubs of Australia and South Africa: everlasting flower; most species usually placed in genus Helipterum


source_id: ili:i99853
language: en
text:
American herb having flat-topped clusters of small white flower heads; reputedly a cause of trembles and milk sickness; sometimes placed in genus Eupatorium


source_id: ili:i99859
language: en
text:
comprising the ragweeds; in some classification considered the type genus of a separate family Ambrosiaceae


source_id: ili:i99860
language: en
text:
in some classifications considered a separate family comprising a subgroup of the Compositae including the ragweeds


source_id: ili:i99861
language: en
text:
any of numerous chiefly North American weedy plants constituting the genus Ambrosia that produce highly allergenic pollen responsible for much hay fever and asthma


source_id: ili:i99862
language: en
text:
annual weed with finely divided foliage and spikes of green flowers; common in North America; introduced elsewhere accidentally


source_id: ili:i99864
language: en
text:
coarse perennial ragweed with creeping roots of dry barren lands of southwestern United States and Mexico


source_id: ili:i99867
language: en
text:
Australian plant widely cultivated for its beautiful silvery-white blooms with bright yellow centers on long winged stems


source_id: ili:i99871
language: en
text:
an American everlasting having foliage with soft wooly hairs and corymbose heads with pearly white bracts


source_id: ili:i99874
language: en
text:
small woolly perennial herbs having small whitish discoid flowers surrounded by a ring of club-shaped bristles


source_id: ili:i99886
language: en
text:
tiny grey woolly tufted annual with small golden-yellow flower heads; southeastern California to northwestern Arizona and southwestern Utah; sometimes placed in genus Eriophyllum


source_id: ili:i99890
language: en
text:
burdock having heart-shaped leaves found in open woodland, hedgerows and rough grassland of Europe (except extreme N) and Asia Minor; sometimes cultivated for medicinal and culinary use


source_id: ili:i99893
language: en
text:
bushy perennial of South Africa with white or violet flowers; in its native region often clothes entire valley sides in a sheet of color


source_id: ili:i99895
language: en
text:
perennial subshrub of the Canary Islands having usually pale yellow daisylike flowers; often included in genus Chrysanthemum


source_id: ili:i99897
language: en
text:
low-growing plant found only in volcanic craters on Hawaii having rosettes of narrow pointed silver-green leaves and clusters of profuse red-purple flowers on a tall stem


source_id: ili:i9990
language: en
text:
characterized by or displaying negation or denial or opposition or resistance; having no positive features


source_id: ili:i99900
language: en
text:
wildflower with heart-shaped leaves and broad yellow flower heads; of alpine areas west of the Rockies from Alaska to southern California


source_id: ili:i99901
language: en
text:
herb of pasture and open woodland throughout most of Europe and western Asia having orange-yellow daisylike flower heads that when dried are used as a stimulant and to treat bruises and swellings


source_id: ili:i99905
language: en
text:
usually aromatic shrubs or herbs of north temperate regions and South Africa and western South America: wormwood; sagebrush; mugwort; tarragon


source_id: ili:i99906
language: en
text:
any of various composite shrubs or herbs of the genus Artemisia having aromatic green or greyish foliage


source_id: ili:i99911
language: en
text:
aromatic herb of temperate Eurasia and North Africa having a bitter taste used in making the liqueur absinthe


source_id: ili:i99916
language: en
text:
silver-haired shrub of central and southern United States and Mexico; a troublesome weed on rangelands


source_id: ili:i99922
language: en
text:
European tufted aromatic perennial herb having hairy red or purple stems and dark green leaves downy white below and red-brown florets


source_id: ili:i99930
language: en
text:
stiff perennial of the eastern United States having small linear leaves and numerous tiny white flower heads


source_id: ili:i99933
language: en
text:
wiry tufted perennial of the eastern United States with stiff erect rough stems, linear leaves and large violet flowers


source_id: ili:i99934
language: en
text:
early-flowering perennial of southern and southeastern Europe with flower heads resembling those of goldenrod


source_id: ili:i99936
language: en
text:
common perennial of eastern North America having showy purplish flowers; a parent of the Michaelmas daisy


source_id: ili:i99937
language: en
text:
North American perennial herb having small autumn-blooming purple or pink or white flowers; widely naturalized in Europe


source_id: ili:i99966
language: en
text:
low spreading tropical American shrub with long slender leaves used to make a mildly stimulating drink resembling tea; sometimes placed in genus Eupatorium


source_id: ili:i99967
language: en
text:
shrubs of western hemisphere often having honey-scented flowers followed by silky thistlelike heads of tiny fruits; often used for erosion control


source_id: ili:i99968
language: en
text:
a shrub of salt marshes of eastern and south central North America and West Indies; fruit is surrounded with white plumelike hairy tufts


source_id: ili:i99972
language: en
text:
a plant of the genus Balsamorhiza having downy leaves in a basal rosette and yellow flowers and long balsam-scented taproots


source_id: ili:i99974
language: en
text:
any of numerous composite plants having flower heads with well-developed ray flowers usually arranged in a single whorl


source_id: ili:i99977
language: en
text:
any of several plants of the genus Bidens having yellow flowers and prickly fruits that cling to fur and clothing


source_id: ili:i99985
language: en
text:
genus of tall leafy perennial herbs of eastern America and eastern Asia having flowers that resemble asters


source_id: ili:i99986
language: en
text:
any of various autumn-flowering perennials having white or pink to purple flowers that resemble asters; wild in moist soils from New Jersey to Florida and Texas


source_id: ili:i99988
language: en
text:
western Australian annual much cultivated for its flower heads with white or bluish to violet or variegated rays


source_id: ili:i99989
language: en
text:
genus of herbs of southwestern America having usually creamy florets followed by one-seeded fruits in a prominent bristly sheath


source_id: ili:i99992
language: en
text:
hairy Eurasian perennial having deep yellow daisies on lax willowy stems; found in the wild in open woodland and on rocky slopes


source_id: ili:i99993
language: en
text:
genus of tall smooth herbs of forested mountains of Europe and Asia minor; in some classifications includes many plants usually placed in genus Emilia


source_id: ili:i99996
language: en
text:
any of numerous chiefly annual herbs of the genus Calendula widely cultivated for their yellow or orange flowers; often used for medicinal and culinary purposes


source_id: ili:i99996
language: de
text:
eines der zahlreichen, meist einjährigen Kräuter der Gattung Calendula, die wegen ihrer gelben oder orangefarbenen Blüten weit verbreitet sind und häufig zu medizinischen und kulinarischen Zwecken verwendet werden


source_id: ili:i99999
language: en
text:
valued for their beautiful flowers in a wide range of clear bright colors; grown primarily for cutting


