# LLM Setup — lila pipeline

This document covers the LLM infrastructure for stage 3 (enrich) of the lila data pipeline. It documents the hardware constraints, supported providers, model recommendations, and how to configure and swap providers in the test and production scripts.

---

## Provider model

Each provider + model combination counts as one vote in the final majority. Running the same model twice is not supported — one model, one vote. To increase vote confidence, add more models rather than re-running existing ones.

---

## Hardware (dev machine)

| Component | Spec                                                            |
| --------- | --------------------------------------------------------------- |
| CPU       | Intel Core i7-6500U (2 cores / 4 threads @ 3.10 GHz)            |
| RAM       | 8 GB                                                            |
| GPU       | NVIDIA GeForce GTX 950M — 4 GB VRAM (Maxwell, CUDA compute 5.0) |
| OS        | Debian GNU/Linux 13 (trixie) x86_64                             |

**Local inference verdict:** viable for small/quantized models, not for production runs. See the [Local inference](#local-inference-llamacpp) section for details.

---

## Provider overview

The enrich script uses a single, swappable provider config. All providers except Anthropic expose an OpenAI-compatible API, so the same client code works across all of them — only `baseURL`, `apiKey`, and `model` change.

| Provider               | Use case                                      | Cost               | Rate limits            |
| ---------------------- | --------------------------------------------- | ------------------ | ---------------------- |
| llama.cpp (local)      | Quality testing, overnight dev runs           | Free (electricity) | None                   |
| OpenRouter (free tier) | Quality comparison, multi-model evaluation    | Free               | 50 req/day, 20 req/min |
| OpenRouter (paid)      | Production runs if local quality insufficient | Pay-per-token      | None                   |
| Anthropic API          | Quality baseline / reference                  | Pay-per-token      | Standard               |

---

## Local inference (llama.cpp)

### Why local inference is worth testing

Time is not a constraint — the pipeline scripts are fully resumable. The laptop can run overnight for multiple nights. The only question is output quality, which the test script evaluates empirically.

### Hardware constraints

The GTX 950M has 4 GB VRAM and Maxwell architecture (CUDA compute 5.0). llama.cpp supports Maxwell via CUDA backend but newer builds may require the `--cuda-no-kv-offload` flag depending on the version.

llama.cpp splits model layers between GPU and CPU automatically via `--n-gpu-layers`. You set how many layers go on the GPU; the rest run on CPU/RAM. This means a model larger than VRAM is not a dead end — it runs in hybrid mode, slower than full-GPU but much faster than pure CPU.

Practical estimates for this hardware (~3.5 GB VRAM usable after drivers):

| Model size | Q4 VRAM | Mode                          | Est. speed   |
| ---------- | ------- | ----------------------------- | ------------ |
| 3B         | ~2.0 GB | Full GPU                      | ~15–20 tok/s |
| 4B         | ~2.5 GB | Full GPU                      | ~12–18 tok/s |
| 7B         | ~4.5 GB | Hybrid (~26/32 layers on GPU) | ~8–12 tok/s  |
| 13B+       | ~8 GB+  | CPU-heavy hybrid              | too slow     |

### Recommended local models

Two candidates worth testing, covering different points on the size/quality tradeoff:

**Gemma 4 E4B Instruct (Q4 / UD-Q4_K_XL)**

- GGUF file: `gemma-4-E4B-it-UD-Q4_K_XL.gguf` (~2.5 GB)
- Source: https://huggingface.co/unsloth/gemma-4-E4B-it-GGUF
- Runs fully on GPU. Brand new (April 2025), built for edge hardware, 140+ language support including all five pipeline languages. First candidate to test.

**Qwen2.5 7B Instruct (Q4_K_M)**

- GGUF file: `Qwen2.5-7B-Instruct-Q4_K_M.gguf` (~4.5 GB)
- Source: https://huggingface.co/Qwen/Qwen2.5-7B-Instruct-GGUF
- Runs in hybrid mode (~26 of 32 layers on GPU, rest on CPU), ~8–12 tok/s. Stronger multilingual generation than any 3–4B model. Second candidate, for comparison against the smaller Gemma 4 E4B.

### Installation

```bash
# Install build dependencies
sudo apt install build-essential cmake git

# Clone llama.cpp
git clone https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp
cd llama.cpp

# Build with CUDA support (GTX 950M — compute 5.0)
cmake -B build -DGGML_CUDA=ON -DCMAKE_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES=50
cmake --build build --config Release -j$(nproc)

# Download model (example — adjust path as needed)
mkdir -p models
wget -O models/qwen2.5-3b-instruct-q4_k_m.gguf \
  https://huggingface.co/Qwen/Qwen2.5-3B-Instruct-GGUF/resolve/main/qwen2.5-3b-instruct-q4_k_m.gguf
```

### Starting the server

**Gemma 4 E4B** (full GPU):

```bash
./build/bin/llama-server \
  --model models/gemma-4-e4b-it-ud-q4_k_xl.gguf \
  --port 8080 \
  --ctx-size 4096 \
  --n-gpu-layers 999 \
  --host 127.0.0.1
```

**Qwen2.5 7B** (hybrid — tune `--n-gpu-layers` to fit your VRAM):

```bash
./build/bin/llama-server \
  --model models/qwen2.5-7b-instruct-q4_k_m.gguf \
  --port 8080 \
  --ctx-size 4096 \
  --n-gpu-layers 28 \
  --host 127.0.0.1
```

`--n-gpu-layers 999` means "put everything on GPU" — llama.cpp caps at the
actual layer count automatically, so 999 is safe as a "full offload" value.
For the 7B hybrid, start with `28` and reduce by 2 if the server reports
out-of-memory at startup.

### Verify the server is running

```bash
curl http://127.0.0.1:8080/health
# Expected: {"status":"ok"}
```

---

## OpenRouter (free tier)

OpenRouter exposes all models via an OpenAI-compatible API. No code changes
are needed to switch from local llama.cpp to OpenRouter — only the config
object changes.

### Rate limits (free tier)

- **50 requests per day** (account total, not per model)
- 20 requests per minute

> **Implication for testing:** with a 10-record test set you have headroom
> to test 4–5 models per day. With a 100-record test set, plan one model per
> day.

> **Implication for production:** the free tier is not viable for 117k
> records. If local quality is insufficient, use paid OpenRouter credits or
> a dedicated provider.

### Free models recommended for this pipeline

Ranked by expected multilingual generation quality for en/it/de/fr/es:

| Model ID                                 | Params                | Notes                                                                                |
| ---------------------------------------- | --------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
| `qwen/qwen3-coder:free`                  | 480B MoE (35B active) | Best free option. Strong multilingual despite "coder" label. Use as quality ceiling. |
| `qwen/qwen3-next-80b-a3b-instruct:free`  | 80B MoE (3B active)   | Smaller Qwen, useful comparison point.                                               |
| `nvidia/nemotron-3-super-120b-a12b:free` | 120B MoE (12B active) | 262K context, supports structured output.                                            |
| `google/gemma-4-31b-it:free`             | 31B                   | 140+ language support, good European language coverage.                              |
| `zhipuai/glm-4.5-air:free`               | MoE                   | Multilingual-focused.                                                                |

**Skip for this pipeline:**

- Llama models — weaker European language generation than Qwen/Gemma
- Mistral free tier — requests may be used for model training

### API endpoint

```
https://openrouter.ai/api/v1/chat/completions
```

Set `Authorization: Bearer <OPENROUTER_API_KEY>` in the request headers.

---

## Provider configuration in the enrich script

The enrich script reads a single config object. To switch providers,
change this object and re-run. The `name` field is used as the model
identifier in `pipeline.db` — it must be unique across all runs.

```typescript
// config.ts

export type ProviderConfig = {
  name: string; // used as model identifier in pipeline.db — must be unique
  baseURL: string;
  apiKey: string;
  model: string;
  maxTokens: number;
};

// Local llama.cpp
export const LOCAL_QWEN3B: ProviderConfig = {
  name: "local-qwen2.5-3b",
  baseURL: "http://127.0.0.1:8080/v1",
  apiKey: "none", // llama.cpp ignores this
  model: "qwen2.5-3b", // llama.cpp ignores model name, uses loaded model
  maxTokens: 512,
};

// OpenRouter — Qwen3 480B (free)
export const OR_QWEN3_480B: ProviderConfig = {
  name: "or-qwen3-480b",
  baseURL: "https://openrouter.ai/api/v1",
  apiKey: process.env.OPENROUTER_API_KEY!,
  model: "qwen/qwen3-coder:free",
  maxTokens: 512,
};

// OpenRouter — Gemma 4 31B (free)
export const OR_GEMMA4_31B: ProviderConfig = {
  name: "or-gemma4-31b",
  baseURL: "https://openrouter.ai/api/v1",
  apiKey: process.env.OPENROUTER_API_KEY!,
  model: "google/gemma-4-31b-it:free",
  maxTokens: 512,
};

// Anthropic (reference baseline — different adapter required)
export const ANTHROPIC_SONNET: ProviderConfig = {
  name: "anthropic-sonnet",
  baseURL: "https://api.anthropic.com/v1", // adapter handles format difference
  apiKey: process.env.ANTHROPIC_API_KEY!,
  model: "claude-sonnet-4-6",
  maxTokens: 512,
};
```

All output is written to `pipeline.db`. Each record is stored with the
model name as identifier so results from different providers can be
compared and compiled into votes.

---

## Evaluation metrics

The test script measures the following per provider run:

| Metric                   | What it measures                                                                                                                                 |
| ------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
| **JSON parse rate**      | % of responses that are valid, schema-compliant JSON. Critical — a failed parse is a wasted call. Target: >97%                                   |
| **Field coverage**       | % of records where all required fields are present (cefr votes for all translations, descriptions for all languages, glosses/examples for fr/es) |
| **CEFR agreement**       | For records that have a `cefr_source` vote, % where the model agrees. Measures calibration.                                                      |
| **Language correctness** | Manual spot-check only — automated detection not reliable enough                                                                                 |
| **Tokens/second**        | Local only. Indicates overnight run feasibility                                                                                                  |

### Decision thresholds

| Metric          | Threshold | Action if below                                |
| --------------- | --------- | ---------------------------------------------- |
| JSON parse rate | < 97%     | Do not use this model for production           |
| Field coverage  | < 95%     | Prompt needs revision before production        |
| CEFR agreement  | < 70%     | Model lacks vocabulary knowledge for this task |

---

## Recommended test sequence

1. **Start local, minimal dataset (5–10 records)**
   Install llama.cpp, run Qwen2.5 3B against 5–10 hand-picked records.
   Verify the server works, the output parses, and the model produces
   something reasonable. This is purely a smoke test.

2. **Expand local to full 100-record sample**
   Once the pipeline is confirmed working, run all 100 records locally.
   Collect metrics. This is your local quality baseline.

3. **Run the same 100 records through OpenRouter free models**
   One model per day (50 req/day limit). Start with `qwen/qwen3-coder:free`
   as the quality ceiling.

4. **Compare metrics side by side**
   If local 3B is within acceptable range of the cloud models on CEFR
   agreement and field coverage, proceed with local overnight runs for
   production. If not, use the cloud model that passed.

5. **Production run**
   Full 117k records. Resume-safe — each record is written to `pipeline.db`
   atomically as it is processed. Overnight runs can be stopped and
   continued at any time without losing work.