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README.md
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# lila
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**Learn words. Beat friends.**
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lila is a vocabulary trainer built around a Duolingo-style quiz loop: a word appears in one language, you pick the correct translation from four choices. It supports singleplayer and real-time multiplayer, and is designed to work across multiple language pairs without schema changes.
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Live at [lilastudy.com](https://lilastudy.com).
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---
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## Stack
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| Layer | Technology |
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|---|---|
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| Monorepo | pnpm workspaces |
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| Frontend | React 18, Vite, TypeScript |
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| Routing | TanStack Router |
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| Server state | TanStack Query |
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| Styling | Tailwind CSS |
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| Backend | Node.js, Express, TypeScript |
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| Database | PostgreSQL + Drizzle ORM |
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| Validation | Zod (shared schemas) |
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| Auth | Better Auth (Google + GitHub) |
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| Realtime | WebSockets (`ws` library) |
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| Testing | Vitest, supertest |
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| Deployment | Docker Compose, Caddy, Hetzner VPS |
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| CI/CD | Forgejo Actions |
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---
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## Repository Structure
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```
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lila/
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├── apps/
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│ ├── api/ — Express backend
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│ └── web/ — React frontend
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├── packages/
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│ ├── shared/ — Zod schemas and types shared between frontend and backend
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│ └── db/ — Drizzle schema, migrations, models, seeding scripts
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├── scripts/ — Python scripts for vocabulary data extraction
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└── documentation/ — Project docs
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```
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`packages/shared` is the contract between frontend and backend. All request/response shapes are defined there as Zod schemas and never duplicated.
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---
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## Architecture
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Requests flow through a strict layered architecture:
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```
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HTTP Request → Router → Controller → Service → Model → Database
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```
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Each layer only talks to the layer directly below it. Controllers handle HTTP only. Services contain business logic only. Models contain database queries only. All database code lives in `packages/db` — the API never imports Drizzle directly for queries.
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---
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## Data Model
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Words are modelled as language-neutral concepts (`terms`) with per-language `translations`. Adding a new language requires no schema changes — only new rows. CEFR levels (A1–C2) are stored per translation for difficulty filtering.
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Core tables: `terms`, `translations`, `term_glosses`, `decks`, `deck_terms`
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Auth tables (managed by Better Auth): `user`, `session`, `account`, `verification`
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Vocabulary data is sourced from WordNet and the Open Multilingual Wordnet (OMW).
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---
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## API
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```
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POST /api/v1/game/start — start a quiz session (auth required)
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POST /api/v1/game/answer — submit an answer (auth required)
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GET /api/v1/health — health check (public)
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ALL /api/auth/* — Better Auth handlers (public)
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```
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The correct answer is never sent to the frontend — all evaluation happens server-side.
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---
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## Multiplayer
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Rooms are created via REST, then managed over WebSockets. Messages are typed via a Zod discriminated union. The host starts the game; all players answer simultaneously with a 15-second server-enforced timer. Room state is held in-memory (Valkey deferred).
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---
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## Infrastructure
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```
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Internet → Caddy (HTTPS)
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├── lilastudy.com → web (nginx, static files)
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├── api.lilastudy.com → api (Express)
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└── git.lilastudy.com → Forgejo (git + registry)
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```
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Deployed on a Hetzner VPS (Debian 13, ARM64). Images are built cross-compiled for ARM64 and pushed to the Forgejo container registry. CI/CD runs via Forgejo Actions on push to `main`. Daily database backups are synced to the dev laptop via rsync.
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See `documentation/deployment.md` for the full infrastructure setup.
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---
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## Local Development
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### Prerequisites
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- Node.js 20+
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- pnpm 9+
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- Docker + Docker Compose
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### Setup
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```bash
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# Install dependencies
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pnpm install
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# Create your local env file (used by docker compose + the API)
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cp .env.example .env
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# Start local services (PostgreSQL, Valkey)
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docker compose up -d
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# Build shared packages
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pnpm --filter @lila/shared build
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pnpm --filter @lila/db build
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# Run migrations and seed data
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pnpm --filter @lila/db migrate
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pnpm --filter @lila/db seed
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# Start dev servers
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pnpm dev
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```
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The API runs on `http://localhost:3000` and the frontend on `http://localhost:5173`.
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---
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## Testing
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```bash
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# All tests
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pnpm test
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# API only
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pnpm --filter api test
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# Frontend only
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pnpm --filter web test
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```
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---
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## Roadmap
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| Phase | Description | Status |
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|---|---|---|
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| 0 | Foundation — monorepo, tooling, dev environment | ✅ |
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| 1 | Vocabulary data pipeline + REST API | ✅ |
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| 2 | Singleplayer quiz UI | ✅ |
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| 3 | Auth (Google + GitHub) | ✅ |
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| 4 | Multiplayer lobby (WebSockets) | ✅ |
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| 5 | Multiplayer game (real-time, server timer) | ✅ |
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| 6 | Production deployment + CI/CD | ✅ |
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| 7 | Hardening (rate limiting, error boundaries, monitoring, accessibility) | 🔄 |
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See `documentation/roadmap.md` for task-level detail.
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@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ Each phase produces a working increment. Nothing is built speculatively.
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- [x] Configure Drizzle ORM + connection to local PostgreSQL
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- [x] Write first migration (empty — validates the pipeline works)
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- [x] `docker-compose.yml` for local dev: `api`, `web`, `postgres`, `valkey`
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- [x] `.env.example` files for `apps/api` and `apps/web`
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- [x] Root `.env.example` for local dev (`docker-compose.yml` + API)
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---
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@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
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## 1. Project Overview
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A vocabulary trainer for English–Italian words. The quiz format is Duolingo-style: one word is shown as a prompt, and the user picks the correct translation from four choices (1 correct + 3 distractors of the same part-of-speech). The long-term vision is a multiplayer competitive game, but the MVP is a polished singleplayer experience.
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A vocabulary trainer for English–Italian words. The quiz format is Duolingo-style: one word is shown as a prompt, and the user picks the correct translation from four choices (1 correct + 3 distractors of the same part-of-speech). The app supports both singleplayer and real-time multiplayer game modes.
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**The core learning loop:**
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Show word → pick answer → see result → next word → final score
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@ -29,13 +29,13 @@ The vocabulary data comes from WordNet + the Open Multilingual Wordnet (OMW). A
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- Multiplayer mode: create a room, share a code, 2–4 players answer simultaneously in real time, live scores, winner screen
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- 1000+ English–Italian nouns seeded from WordNet
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This is the full vision. The MVP deliberately ignores most of it.
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This is the full vision. The current implementation already covers most of it; remaining items are captured in the roadmap and the Post-MVP ladder below.
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---
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## 3. MVP Scope
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**Goal:** A working, presentable singleplayer quiz that can be shown to real people.
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**Goal:** A working, presentable vocabulary trainer that can be shown to real people (singleplayer and multiplayer), with a production deployment.
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### What is IN the MVP
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@ -45,16 +45,14 @@ This is the full vision. The MVP deliberately ignores most of it.
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- Clean, mobile-friendly UI (Tailwind + shadcn/ui)
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- Global error handler with typed error classes
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- Unit + integration tests for the API
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- Local dev only (no deployment for MVP)
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- Authentication via Better Auth (Google + GitHub)
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- Multiplayer lobby + game over WebSockets
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- Production deployment (Docker Compose + Caddy + Hetzner) and CI/CD (Forgejo Actions)
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### What is CUT from the MVP
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| Feature | Why cut |
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| ------------------------------- | -------------------------------------- |
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| Authentication (Better Auth) | No user accounts needed for a demo |
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| Multiplayer (WebSockets, rooms) | Core quiz works without it |
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| Valkey / Redis cache | Only needed for multiplayer room state |
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| Deployment to Hetzner | Ship to people locally first |
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| User stats / profiles | Needs auth |
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These are not deleted from the plan — they are deferred. The architecture is already designed to support them. See Section 11 (Post-MVP Ladder).
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@ -81,14 +79,14 @@ The monorepo structure and tooling are already set up. This is the full stack.
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| Deployment | Docker Compose, Caddy, Hetzner | ✅ |
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| CI/CD | Forgejo Actions | ✅ |
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| Realtime | WebSockets (`ws` library) | ✅ |
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| Cache | Valkey | ❌ post-MVP |
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| Cache | Valkey | ⚠️ optional (used locally; production/state hardening) |
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---
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## 5. Repository Structure
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```text
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vocab-trainer/
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lila/
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├── .forgejo/
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│ └── workflows/
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│ └── deploy.yml — CI/CD pipeline (build, push, deploy)
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@ -154,7 +152,6 @@ vocab-trainer/
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├── scripts/ — Python extraction/comparison/merge scripts
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├── documentation/ — project docs
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├── docker-compose.yml — local dev stack
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├── docker-compose.prod.yml — production config reference
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├── Caddyfile — reverse proxy routing
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└── pnpm-workspace.yaml
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```
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@ -311,12 +308,20 @@ After completing a task: share the code, ask what to refactor and why. The LLM s
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All are new tables referencing existing `terms` rows via FK. No existing schema changes required.
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### Multiplayer Architecture (deferred)
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### Multiplayer Architecture (current + deferred)
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- WebSocket protocol: `ws` library, Zod discriminated union for message types
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- Room model: human-readable codes (e.g. `WOLF-42`), not matchmaking queue
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- Game mechanic: simultaneous answers, 15-second server timer, all players see same question
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- Valkey for ephemeral room state, PostgreSQL for durable records
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**Implemented now:**
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- WebSocket protocol uses the `ws` library with a Zod discriminated union for message types (defined in `packages/shared`)
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- Room model uses human-readable codes (no matchmaking queue)
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- Lobby flow (create/join/leave) is real-time over WS, backed by PostgreSQL for durable membership/state
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- Multiplayer game flow is real-time: host starts, all players see the same question, answers are collected simultaneously, with a server-enforced 15s timer and live scoring
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- WebSocket connections are authenticated (Better Auth session validation on upgrade)
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**Deferred / hardening:**
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- Valkey-backed ephemeral state (room/game/session store) where in-memory state becomes a bottleneck
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- Graceful reconnect/resume flows and more robust failure handling (tracked in Phase 7)
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### Infrastructure (current)
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@ -331,7 +336,7 @@ See `deployment.md` for full infrastructure documentation.
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---
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## 12. Definition of Done (MVP)
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## 12. Definition of Done (Current Baseline)
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- [x] API returns quiz terms with correct distractors
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- [x] User can complete a quiz without errors
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@ -340,6 +345,9 @@ See `deployment.md` for full infrastructure documentation.
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- [x] No hardcoded data — everything comes from the database
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- [x] Global error handler with typed error classes
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- [x] Unit + integration tests for API
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- [x] Auth works end-to-end (Google + GitHub via Better Auth)
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- [x] Multiplayer works end-to-end (lobby + real-time game over WebSockets)
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- [x] Production deployment is live behind HTTPS (Caddy) with CI/CD deploys via Forgejo Actions
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---
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