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README.md
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# lila
**Learn words. Beat friends.**
lila is a vocabulary trainer built around a Duolingo-style quiz loop: a word appears in one language, you pick the correct translation from four choices. It supports singleplayer and real-time multiplayer, and is designed to work across multiple language pairs without schema changes.
Live at [lilastudy.com](https://lilastudy.com).
---
## Stack
| Layer | Technology |
|---|---|
| Monorepo | pnpm workspaces |
| Frontend | React 18, Vite, TypeScript |
| Routing | TanStack Router |
| Server state | TanStack Query |
| Styling | Tailwind CSS |
| Backend | Node.js, Express, TypeScript |
| Database | PostgreSQL + Drizzle ORM |
| Validation | Zod (shared schemas) |
| Auth | Better Auth (Google + GitHub) |
| Realtime | WebSockets (`ws` library) |
| Testing | Vitest, supertest |
| Deployment | Docker Compose, Caddy, Hetzner VPS |
| CI/CD | Forgejo Actions |
---
## Repository Structure
```
lila/
├── apps/
│ ├── api/ — Express backend
│ └── web/ — React frontend
├── packages/
│ ├── shared/ — Zod schemas and types shared between frontend and backend
│ └── db/ — Drizzle schema, migrations, models, seeding scripts
├── scripts/ — Python scripts for vocabulary data extraction
└── documentation/ — Project docs
```
`packages/shared` is the contract between frontend and backend. All request/response shapes are defined there as Zod schemas and never duplicated.
---
## Architecture
Requests flow through a strict layered architecture:
```
HTTP Request → Router → Controller → Service → Model → Database
```
Each layer only talks to the layer directly below it. Controllers handle HTTP only. Services contain business logic only. Models contain database queries only. All database code lives in `packages/db` — the API never imports Drizzle directly for queries.
---
## Data Model
Words are modelled as language-neutral concepts (`terms`) with per-language `translations`. Adding a new language requires no schema changes — only new rows. CEFR levels (A1C2) are stored per translation for difficulty filtering.
Core tables: `terms`, `translations`, `term_glosses`, `decks`, `deck_terms`
Auth tables (managed by Better Auth): `user`, `session`, `account`, `verification`
Vocabulary data is sourced from WordNet and the Open Multilingual Wordnet (OMW).
---
## API
```
POST /api/v1/game/start — start a quiz session (auth required)
POST /api/v1/game/answer — submit an answer (auth required)
GET /api/v1/health — health check (public)
ALL /api/auth/* — Better Auth handlers (public)
```
The correct answer is never sent to the frontend — all evaluation happens server-side.
---
## Multiplayer
Rooms are created via REST, then managed over WebSockets. Messages are typed via a Zod discriminated union. The host starts the game; all players answer simultaneously with a 15-second server-enforced timer. Room state is held in-memory (Valkey deferred).
---
## Infrastructure
```
Internet → Caddy (HTTPS)
├── lilastudy.com → web (nginx, static files)
├── api.lilastudy.com → api (Express)
└── git.lilastudy.com → Forgejo (git + registry)
```
Deployed on a Hetzner VPS (Debian 13, ARM64). Images are built cross-compiled for ARM64 and pushed to the Forgejo container registry. CI/CD runs via Forgejo Actions on push to `main`. Daily database backups are synced to the dev laptop via rsync.
See `documentation/deployment.md` for the full infrastructure setup.
---
## Local Development
### Prerequisites
- Node.js 20+
- pnpm 9+
- Docker + Docker Compose
### Setup
```bash
# Install dependencies
pnpm install
# Create your local env file (used by docker compose + the API)
cp .env.example .env
# Start local services (PostgreSQL, Valkey)
docker compose up -d
# Build shared packages
pnpm --filter @lila/shared build
pnpm --filter @lila/db build
# Run migrations and seed data
pnpm --filter @lila/db migrate
pnpm --filter @lila/db seed
# Start dev servers
pnpm dev
```
The API runs on `http://localhost:3000` and the frontend on `http://localhost:5173`.
---
## Testing
```bash
# All tests
pnpm test
# API only
pnpm --filter api test
# Frontend only
pnpm --filter web test
```
---
## Roadmap
| Phase | Description | Status |
|---|---|---|
| 0 | Foundation — monorepo, tooling, dev environment | ✅ |
| 1 | Vocabulary data pipeline + REST API | ✅ |
| 2 | Singleplayer quiz UI | ✅ |
| 3 | Auth (Google + GitHub) | ✅ |
| 4 | Multiplayer lobby (WebSockets) | ✅ |
| 5 | Multiplayer game (real-time, server timer) | ✅ |
| 6 | Production deployment + CI/CD | ✅ |
| 7 | Hardening (rate limiting, error boundaries, monitoring, accessibility) | 🔄 |
See `documentation/roadmap.md` for task-level detail.

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@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ Each phase produces a working increment. Nothing is built speculatively.
- [x] Configure Drizzle ORM + connection to local PostgreSQL
- [x] Write first migration (empty — validates the pipeline works)
- [x] `docker-compose.yml` for local dev: `api`, `web`, `postgres`, `valkey`
- [x] `.env.example` files for `apps/api` and `apps/web`
- [x] Root `.env.example` for local dev (`docker-compose.yml` + API)
---

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@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
## 1. Project Overview
A vocabulary trainer for EnglishItalian words. The quiz format is Duolingo-style: one word is shown as a prompt, and the user picks the correct translation from four choices (1 correct + 3 distractors of the same part-of-speech). The long-term vision is a multiplayer competitive game, but the MVP is a polished singleplayer experience.
A vocabulary trainer for EnglishItalian words. The quiz format is Duolingo-style: one word is shown as a prompt, and the user picks the correct translation from four choices (1 correct + 3 distractors of the same part-of-speech). The app supports both singleplayer and real-time multiplayer game modes.
**The core learning loop:**
Show word → pick answer → see result → next word → final score
@ -29,13 +29,13 @@ The vocabulary data comes from WordNet + the Open Multilingual Wordnet (OMW). A
- Multiplayer mode: create a room, share a code, 24 players answer simultaneously in real time, live scores, winner screen
- 1000+ EnglishItalian nouns seeded from WordNet
This is the full vision. The MVP deliberately ignores most of it.
This is the full vision. The current implementation already covers most of it; remaining items are captured in the roadmap and the Post-MVP ladder below.
---
## 3. MVP Scope
**Goal:** A working, presentable singleplayer quiz that can be shown to real people.
**Goal:** A working, presentable vocabulary trainer that can be shown to real people (singleplayer and multiplayer), with a production deployment.
### What is IN the MVP
@ -45,16 +45,14 @@ This is the full vision. The MVP deliberately ignores most of it.
- Clean, mobile-friendly UI (Tailwind + shadcn/ui)
- Global error handler with typed error classes
- Unit + integration tests for the API
- Local dev only (no deployment for MVP)
- Authentication via Better Auth (Google + GitHub)
- Multiplayer lobby + game over WebSockets
- Production deployment (Docker Compose + Caddy + Hetzner) and CI/CD (Forgejo Actions)
### What is CUT from the MVP
| Feature | Why cut |
| ------------------------------- | -------------------------------------- |
| Authentication (Better Auth) | No user accounts needed for a demo |
| Multiplayer (WebSockets, rooms) | Core quiz works without it |
| Valkey / Redis cache | Only needed for multiplayer room state |
| Deployment to Hetzner | Ship to people locally first |
| User stats / profiles | Needs auth |
These are not deleted from the plan — they are deferred. The architecture is already designed to support them. See Section 11 (Post-MVP Ladder).
@ -81,14 +79,14 @@ The monorepo structure and tooling are already set up. This is the full stack.
| Deployment | Docker Compose, Caddy, Hetzner | ✅ |
| CI/CD | Forgejo Actions | ✅ |
| Realtime | WebSockets (`ws` library) | ✅ |
| Cache | Valkey | ❌ post-MVP |
| Cache | Valkey | ⚠️ optional (used locally; production/state hardening) |
---
## 5. Repository Structure
```text
vocab-trainer/
lila/
├── .forgejo/
│ └── workflows/
│ └── deploy.yml — CI/CD pipeline (build, push, deploy)
@ -154,7 +152,6 @@ vocab-trainer/
├── scripts/ — Python extraction/comparison/merge scripts
├── documentation/ — project docs
├── docker-compose.yml — local dev stack
├── docker-compose.prod.yml — production config reference
├── Caddyfile — reverse proxy routing
└── pnpm-workspace.yaml
```
@ -311,12 +308,20 @@ After completing a task: share the code, ask what to refactor and why. The LLM s
All are new tables referencing existing `terms` rows via FK. No existing schema changes required.
### Multiplayer Architecture (deferred)
### Multiplayer Architecture (current + deferred)
- WebSocket protocol: `ws` library, Zod discriminated union for message types
- Room model: human-readable codes (e.g. `WOLF-42`), not matchmaking queue
- Game mechanic: simultaneous answers, 15-second server timer, all players see same question
- Valkey for ephemeral room state, PostgreSQL for durable records
**Implemented now:**
- WebSocket protocol uses the `ws` library with a Zod discriminated union for message types (defined in `packages/shared`)
- Room model uses human-readable codes (no matchmaking queue)
- Lobby flow (create/join/leave) is real-time over WS, backed by PostgreSQL for durable membership/state
- Multiplayer game flow is real-time: host starts, all players see the same question, answers are collected simultaneously, with a server-enforced 15s timer and live scoring
- WebSocket connections are authenticated (Better Auth session validation on upgrade)
**Deferred / hardening:**
- Valkey-backed ephemeral state (room/game/session store) where in-memory state becomes a bottleneck
- Graceful reconnect/resume flows and more robust failure handling (tracked in Phase 7)
### Infrastructure (current)
@ -331,7 +336,7 @@ See `deployment.md` for full infrastructure documentation.
---
## 12. Definition of Done (MVP)
## 12. Definition of Done (Current Baseline)
- [x] API returns quiz terms with correct distractors
- [x] User can complete a quiz without errors
@ -340,6 +345,9 @@ See `deployment.md` for full infrastructure documentation.
- [x] No hardcoded data — everything comes from the database
- [x] Global error handler with typed error classes
- [x] Unit + integration tests for API
- [x] Auth works end-to-end (Google + GitHub via Better Auth)
- [x] Multiplayer works end-to-end (lobby + real-time game over WebSockets)
- [x] Production deployment is live behind HTTPS (Caddy) with CI/CD deploys via Forgejo Actions
---