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documentation/LLM_SETUP.md
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documentation/LLM_SETUP.md
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# LLM Setup — lila pipeline
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This document covers the LLM infrastructure for stage 3 (enrich) of the lila data pipeline. It documents the hardware constraints, supported providers, model recommendations, and how to configure and swap providers in the test and production scripts.
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---
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## Provider model
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Each provider + model combination counts as one vote in the final majority. Running the same model twice is not supported — one model, one vote. To increase vote confidence, add more models rather than re-running existing ones.
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---
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## Hardware (dev machine)
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| Component | Spec |
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| --------- | --------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| CPU | Intel Core i7-6500U (2 cores / 4 threads @ 3.10 GHz) |
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| RAM | 8 GB |
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| GPU | NVIDIA GeForce GTX 950M — 4 GB VRAM (Maxwell, CUDA compute 5.0) |
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| OS | Debian GNU/Linux 13 (trixie) x86_64 |
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**Local inference verdict:** viable for small/quantized models, not for production runs. See the [Local inference](#local-inference-llamacpp) section for details.
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---
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## Provider overview
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The enrich script uses a single, swappable provider config. All providers except Anthropic expose an OpenAI-compatible API, so the same client code works across all of them — only `baseURL`, `apiKey`, and `model` change.
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| Provider | Use case | Cost | Rate limits |
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| ---------------------- | --------------------------------------------- | ------------------ | ---------------------- |
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| llama.cpp (local) | Quality testing, overnight dev runs | Free (electricity) | None |
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| OpenRouter (free tier) | Quality comparison, multi-model evaluation | Free | 50 req/day, 20 req/min |
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| OpenRouter (paid) | Production runs if local quality insufficient | Pay-per-token | None |
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| Anthropic API | Quality baseline / reference | Pay-per-token | Standard |
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---
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## Local inference (llama.cpp)
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### Why local inference is worth testing
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Time is not a constraint — the pipeline scripts are fully resumable. The laptop can run overnight for multiple nights. The only question is output quality, which the test script evaluates empirically.
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### Hardware constraints
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The GTX 950M has 4 GB VRAM and Maxwell architecture (CUDA compute 5.0). llama.cpp supports Maxwell via CUDA backend but newer builds may require the `--cuda-no-kv-offload` flag depending on the version.
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llama.cpp splits model layers between GPU and CPU automatically via `--n-gpu-layers`. You set how many layers go on the GPU; the rest run on CPU/RAM. This means a model larger than VRAM is not a dead end — it runs in hybrid mode, slower than full-GPU but much faster than pure CPU.
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Practical estimates for this hardware (~3.5 GB VRAM usable after drivers):
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| Model size | Q4 VRAM | Mode | Est. speed |
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| ---------- | ------- | ----------------------------- | ------------ |
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| 3B | ~2.0 GB | Full GPU | ~15–20 tok/s |
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| 4B | ~2.5 GB | Full GPU | ~12–18 tok/s |
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| 7B | ~4.5 GB | Hybrid (~26/32 layers on GPU) | ~8–12 tok/s |
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| 13B+ | ~8 GB+ | CPU-heavy hybrid | too slow |
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### Recommended local models
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Two candidates worth testing, covering different points on the size/quality tradeoff:
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**Gemma 4 E4B Instruct (Q4 / UD-Q4_K_XL)**
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- GGUF file: `gemma-4-E4B-it-UD-Q4_K_XL.gguf` (~2.5 GB)
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- Source: https://huggingface.co/unsloth/gemma-4-E4B-it-GGUF
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- Runs fully on GPU. Brand new (April 2025), built for edge hardware, 140+ language support including all five pipeline languages. First candidate to test.
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**Qwen2.5 7B Instruct (Q4_K_M)**
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- GGUF file: `Qwen2.5-7B-Instruct-Q4_K_M.gguf` (~4.5 GB)
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- Source: https://huggingface.co/Qwen/Qwen2.5-7B-Instruct-GGUF
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- Runs in hybrid mode (~26 of 32 layers on GPU, rest on CPU), ~8–12 tok/s. Stronger multilingual generation than any 3–4B model. Second candidate, for comparison against the smaller Gemma 4 E4B.
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### Installation
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```bash
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# Install build dependencies
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sudo apt install build-essential cmake git
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# Clone llama.cpp
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git clone https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp
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cd llama.cpp
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# Build with CUDA support (GTX 950M — compute 5.0)
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cmake -B build -DGGML_CUDA=ON -DCMAKE_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES=50
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cmake --build build --config Release -j$(nproc)
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# Download model (example — adjust path as needed)
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mkdir -p models
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wget -O models/qwen2.5-3b-instruct-q4_k_m.gguf \
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https://huggingface.co/Qwen/Qwen2.5-3B-Instruct-GGUF/resolve/main/qwen2.5-3b-instruct-q4_k_m.gguf
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```
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### Starting the server
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**Gemma 4 E4B** (full GPU):
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```bash
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./build/bin/llama-server \
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--model models/gemma-4-e4b-it-ud-q4_k_xl.gguf \
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--port 8080 \
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--ctx-size 4096 \
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--n-gpu-layers 999 \
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--host 127.0.0.1
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```
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**Qwen2.5 7B** (hybrid — tune `--n-gpu-layers` to fit your VRAM):
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```bash
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./build/bin/llama-server \
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--model models/qwen2.5-7b-instruct-q4_k_m.gguf \
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--port 8080 \
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--ctx-size 4096 \
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--n-gpu-layers 28 \
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--host 127.0.0.1
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```
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`--n-gpu-layers 999` means "put everything on GPU" — llama.cpp caps at the
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actual layer count automatically, so 999 is safe as a "full offload" value.
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For the 7B hybrid, start with `28` and reduce by 2 if the server reports
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out-of-memory at startup.
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### Verify the server is running
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```bash
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curl http://127.0.0.1:8080/health
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# Expected: {"status":"ok"}
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```
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---
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## OpenRouter (free tier)
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OpenRouter exposes all models via an OpenAI-compatible API. No code changes
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are needed to switch from local llama.cpp to OpenRouter — only the config
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object changes.
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### Rate limits (free tier)
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- **50 requests per day** (account total, not per model)
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- 20 requests per minute
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> **Implication for testing:** with a 10-record test set you have headroom
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> to test 4–5 models per day. With a 100-record test set, plan one model per
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> day.
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> **Implication for production:** the free tier is not viable for 117k
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> records. If local quality is insufficient, use paid OpenRouter credits or
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> a dedicated provider.
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### Free models recommended for this pipeline
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Ranked by expected multilingual generation quality for en/it/de/fr/es:
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| Model ID | Params | Notes |
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| ---------------------------------------- | --------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
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| `qwen/qwen3-coder:free` | 480B MoE (35B active) | Best free option. Strong multilingual despite "coder" label. Use as quality ceiling. |
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| `qwen/qwen3-next-80b-a3b-instruct:free` | 80B MoE (3B active) | Smaller Qwen, useful comparison point. |
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| `nvidia/nemotron-3-super-120b-a12b:free` | 120B MoE (12B active) | 262K context, supports structured output. |
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| `google/gemma-4-31b-it:free` | 31B | 140+ language support, good European language coverage. |
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| `zhipuai/glm-4.5-air:free` | MoE | Multilingual-focused. |
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**Skip for this pipeline:**
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- Llama models — weaker European language generation than Qwen/Gemma
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- Mistral free tier — requests may be used for model training
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### API endpoint
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```
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https://openrouter.ai/api/v1/chat/completions
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```
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Set `Authorization: Bearer <OPENROUTER_API_KEY>` in the request headers.
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---
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## Provider configuration in the enrich script
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The enrich script reads a single config object. To switch providers,
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change this object and re-run. The `name` field is used as the model
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identifier in `pipeline.db` — it must be unique across all runs.
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```typescript
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// config.ts
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export type ProviderConfig = {
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name: string; // used as model identifier in pipeline.db — must be unique
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baseURL: string;
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apiKey: string;
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model: string;
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maxTokens: number;
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};
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// Local llama.cpp
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export const LOCAL_QWEN3B: ProviderConfig = {
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name: "local-qwen2.5-3b",
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baseURL: "http://127.0.0.1:8080/v1",
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apiKey: "none", // llama.cpp ignores this
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model: "qwen2.5-3b", // llama.cpp ignores model name, uses loaded model
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maxTokens: 512,
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};
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// OpenRouter — Qwen3 480B (free)
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export const OR_QWEN3_480B: ProviderConfig = {
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name: "or-qwen3-480b",
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baseURL: "https://openrouter.ai/api/v1",
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apiKey: process.env.OPENROUTER_API_KEY!,
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model: "qwen/qwen3-coder:free",
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maxTokens: 512,
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};
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// OpenRouter — Gemma 4 31B (free)
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export const OR_GEMMA4_31B: ProviderConfig = {
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name: "or-gemma4-31b",
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baseURL: "https://openrouter.ai/api/v1",
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apiKey: process.env.OPENROUTER_API_KEY!,
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model: "google/gemma-4-31b-it:free",
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maxTokens: 512,
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};
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// Anthropic (reference baseline — different adapter required)
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export const ANTHROPIC_SONNET: ProviderConfig = {
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name: "anthropic-sonnet",
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baseURL: "https://api.anthropic.com/v1", // adapter handles format difference
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apiKey: process.env.ANTHROPIC_API_KEY!,
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model: "claude-sonnet-4-6",
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maxTokens: 512,
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};
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```
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All output is written to `pipeline.db`. Each record is stored with the
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model name as identifier so results from different providers can be
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compared and compiled into votes.
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---
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## Evaluation metrics
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The test script measures the following per provider run:
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| Metric | What it measures |
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| ------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
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| **JSON parse rate** | % of responses that are valid, schema-compliant JSON. Critical — a failed parse is a wasted call. Target: >97% |
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| **Field coverage** | % of records where all required fields are present (cefr votes for all translations, descriptions for all languages, glosses/examples for fr/es) |
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| **CEFR agreement** | For records that have a `cefr_source` vote, % where the model agrees. Measures calibration. |
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| **Language correctness** | Manual spot-check only — automated detection not reliable enough |
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| **Tokens/second** | Local only. Indicates overnight run feasibility |
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### Decision thresholds
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| Metric | Threshold | Action if below |
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| --------------- | --------- | ---------------------------------------------- |
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| JSON parse rate | < 97% | Do not use this model for production |
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| Field coverage | < 95% | Prompt needs revision before production |
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| CEFR agreement | < 70% | Model lacks vocabulary knowledge for this task |
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---
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## Recommended test sequence
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1. **Start local, minimal dataset (5–10 records)**
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Install llama.cpp, run Qwen2.5 3B against 5–10 hand-picked records.
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Verify the server works, the output parses, and the model produces
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something reasonable. This is purely a smoke test.
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2. **Expand local to full 100-record sample**
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Once the pipeline is confirmed working, run all 100 records locally.
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Collect metrics. This is your local quality baseline.
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3. **Run the same 100 records through OpenRouter free models**
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One model per day (50 req/day limit). Start with `qwen/qwen3-coder:free`
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as the quality ceiling.
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4. **Compare metrics side by side**
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If local 3B is within acceptable range of the cloud models on CEFR
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agreement and field coverage, proceed with local overnight runs for
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production. If not, use the cloud model that passed.
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5. **Production run**
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Full 117k records. Resume-safe — each record is written to `pipeline.db`
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atomically as it is processed. Overnight runs can be stopped and
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continued at any time without losing work.
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